Nutrition, dietary recommendations, and supplements for patients with congenital heart disease.

Nutrition is the cornerstone of a healthy life and is crucial for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) are prone to nutrition disorders, including abnormalities in body composition such as overweight or obesity which, along with other classic cardiovascular risk factors, places our increasing and aging adult CHD (ACHD) population at a higher risk for acquired cardiovascular disease. These patients are also at risk of cachexia or sarcopenia as well as macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies derived from the development of heart failure as a complication of their underlying cardiac disease.