- Understanding how nanomaterials interact with biological systems is crucial for their biomedical application, but the processes of their uptake, degradation, and clearance in the body are not yet fully understood.
- Some nanomaterials like liposomes and various nanoparticles are FDA-approved for clinical trials; however, there's still significant uncertainty about their long-term effects and behavior in the body.
- The review highlights the need to explore the distribution, clearance mechanisms, and biological barriers nanomaterials face to maximize their efficacy and informs future research directions.