Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Methotrexate-Induced Gonadal Damage in Rats: Role of SCF, mTOR, and SIRT-1.

Objective: Methotrexate (MTX) is a highly effective chemotherapy for cancer. This drug has a gonadotoxic effect, mainly in the testes and ovaries. Our study used histopathological and immunohistochemical methods to assess the potential damage to testicular and ovarian tissue caused by MTX use.

Hydroxytyrosol's Protective Effect Through Podocalyxin and Pentraxin-3 in Kidney Damage Resulting From Corn Syrup Administration.

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to investigate whether hydroxytyrosol (HT) has a protective effect on corn syrup-induced kidney damage in rats and the role of podocalyxin (PCX) and pentraxin-3 (PTX3) in this possible effect.

Methods: Rats were divided into four groups with six rats in each group: 1) control, 2) HT, 3) corn syrup, and 4) corn syrup + HT. Rats were given 30% corn syrup added to their drinking water for six weeks.

Esophageal perforation management: a single-center experience.

Background: Esophageal perforation is a serious medical condition where a hole or tear develops in the esophagus, the muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. Although rare, the condition is potentially life-threatening, as it can lead to infection and inflammation in surrounding tissues, including the mediastinum, pleura, and peritoneum.

Methods: Between 2014 and 2022, a retrospective study was conducted on cases of esophageal rupture treated at our institution.

Hydatid disease: imaging, treatment, and beyond.

Hydatidosis is an endemic parasitic disease that can occur in almost any part of the body. It presents in two different forms according to the type of tapeworm: Echinococcus granulosus (hydatid disease [HD]) and Echinococcus multilocularis (alveolar HD). Radiological imaging can reveal the type of cyst, disease activity and progression, and complications, with features depending on the HD stage, the organ involved, and complications.

A New Sperm Concentration Threshold for Y Chromosome Microdeletion Analysis in Infertile Men: Could It Be Azoopermia?

Objective: We aimed to assess the frequency of Y-chromosome microdeletions (YCMs) in a non-multiethnic urban population in our region, define predictive factors, and determine a new clinical threshold for YCMs in infertile men.

Materials And Methods: A total of 281 patients with a sperm concentration ≤5 million/mL were retrospectively evaluated. Oligozoospermic and/or azoospermic patients with a sperm concentration of ≤5 million/mL were screened for the YCM analysis.

Help-seeking from traditional healers in patients with severe mental illness and its relationship with internalized stigma.

Background: Help-seeking from traditional healers (TH) is common in patients with severe mental illness. However, the differences between patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are not well-known. Although internalized stigma is also common in patients with severe mental illness, its impact on help-seeking from TH is not studied.

Are Meteorin-Like Peptide and Asprosin Important in the Diagnosis of Breast Tumors?

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common and leading causes of death in women. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis is vital. In this study, meteorin-like (METRNL) peptide and asprosin levels were examined in breast tissue in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast, and the roles of these molecules in the diagnosis of BC were investigated.

The relationship between infection and aortic stiffness in children.

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to show whether infection, which causes various cardiovascular complications in children, can lead to an increase in aortic stiffness with a noninvasive method, echocardiography.

Methods: Children who were diagnosed with infection and who had tachycardia, chest pain and murmur that were not related to body temperature increase during the treatment were evaluated cardiologically and had echocardiographic examination, were included in the study. Aortic strain, aortic distensibility measurement results and aortic stiffness index of the patients in the patient and control groups were calculated.

Recurring disease activity in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: The multicenter RDA-RMS study.

Background: This study investigates the gap in understanding the dynamics of recurring disease activity (RDA) in RRMS patients after fingolimod (FGL) treatment discontinuation. The aim is to investigate RDA in RRMS patients after stopping FGL, aiming to improve management and comprehension of disease progression post-treatment.

Methods: In this multicenter, retrospective study, data from 172 of 944 RRMS patients aged 18-55, across nine centers in Turkey, who discontinued FGL treatment, were analyzed.

Expert opinion on screening, diagnosis and management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a multidisciplinary approach.

The proposed expert opinion aimed to address the current knowledge on conceptual, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and to provide a guidance document to assist clinicians for the best practice in DPN care. The participating experts consider the suspicion of the disease by clinicians as a key factor in early recognition and diagnosis, emphasizing an improved awareness of the disease by the first-admission or referring physicians. The proposed "screening and diagnostic" algorithm involves the consideration of DPN in a patient with prediabetes or diabetes who presents with neuropathic symptoms and/or signs of neuropathy in the presence of DPN risk factors, with careful consideration of laboratory testing to rule out other causes of distal symmetric peripheral neuropathy and referral for a detailed neurological work-up for a confirmative test of either small or large nerve fiber dysfunction in atypical cases.

Investigation of the Effect of Astaxanthin on Autophagy in Renal Ischemia-reperfusion Modeled Rats.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various astaxanthin (ATX) doses on oxidative damage and autophagy in renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury-modeled rats.

Methods: The rats were divided into five groups: sham group (n=8), I/R (n=8), I/R + 5 mg/kg ATX (n=8), I/R + 10 mg/kg ATX (n=8), and I/R + 25 mg/kg ATX (n=8) groups. ATX was dissolved in 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 25 mg/kg olive oil for 7 days and administered to the rats in the experimental group.

High Anxiety Levels before Elective Cesarean Section Can Negatively Affect the Mother and Fetus.

Background: Both pregnancy and surgery cause anxiety. This situation may negatively affect the health of the mother and baby.

Aim: The effect of anxiety level before cesarean section (CS) on feto-maternal outcomes was investigated.

Ganoderma lucidum and Hypericum perforatum Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Anti-Androgen Effect in Rat Model of Experimental Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.

Objective: Chronic inflammation is considered to be of key importance in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) and Hypericum perforatum (HP) have been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. We studied the effects of these agents on ovarian tissue in a rat model of experimental PCOS.

Evaluation of and levels and telomere length with telomerase activity in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most frequent cancer in males, as well as the second highest cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Differences in expression levels of miRNAs were linked with prostat cancer pathogenesis. qPCR was used to evaluate the expression of miR-130b-3p and miR-375 in Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH ( = 20) and PC ( = 22, pre- and post-operative) patients plasma.

Evaluation of Nasal Mucociliary Clearance Time in Patients with Schizophrenia.

Nasal mucociliary clearance time (NMCT) is prolonged in patients with olfactory disorders. It is essential to differentially diagnose conductive and neural olfactory disorders. Here, we used the mucociliary clearance test to investigate a disease associated with neural olfactory disorders, i.

Artificial intelligence performance in clinical neurology queries: the ChatGPT model.

Introduction: The use of artificial intelligence technology is progressively expanding and advancing in the health and biomedical literature. Since its launch, ChatGPT has rapidly gained popularity and become one of the fastest-growing artificial intelligence applications in history. This study evaluated the accuracy and comprehensiveness of ChatGPT-generated responses to medical queries in clinical neurology.

Correlation of Block Success with Perfusion Index Measurement in Cases of Pediatric Surgery Under Caudal Epidural Block Anesthesia.

Purpose: One of the regional anesthetic procedures, caudal epidural block, is important for lower extremities surgeries in the pediatric patient population. The perfusion index (PI) value, which reflects vasomotor tone, can be used to indicate block success. The aim was to compare the role of perfusion index, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure in detecting the success of caudal epidural block and to investigate whether perfusion index was an earlier indicator in determining the success of the block in pediatric surgery cases.

The role of oligoclonal band count and IgG index in treatment response and disease activity in multiple sclerosis.

Background/aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating central nervous system (CNS) disease. Among the paraclinical tests, brain and spinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is primarily involved in the diagnosis process, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is fundamental in diagnosing MS and the differential diagnosis. A positive relationship was demonstrated between oligoclonal band (OCB) positivity, CSF band number and immunoglobulin G(IgG) index.

A novel diagnosis method for schizophrenia based on globus pallidus data.

This research aims to diagnose schizophrenia with machine learning-based algorithms. Bayesian neural network, logistic regression, decision tree, k-nearest neighbor, and gaussian kernel classification techniques are investigated to diagnose schizophrenia with data from 125 persons. This study showed that left lateral ventricles and left globus pallidus volumes and their percentages in the brain were significantly lower than HCs in FEP patients.

The Role and Antagonistic Effects of miR-16-5p in the Regulation of ADP-Ribosylation Factor-Like Tumor Suppressor Gene 1 in Lung Cancer Cells.

Objective: ADP-ribosylation factor-like tumor suppressor gene 1 is a member of the Ras superfamily of small guanosine triphosphatases that are known to be involved in multiple regulatory pathways in the multistage development of human cancers. Also, ADP-ribosylation factor-like tumor suppressor gene 1 expression levels have been reported to be dramatically lower in both cancer cell lines and tumor tissues compared to controls. Accordingly, defects in the regulation of the ADP-ribosylation factor-like tumor suppressor gene 1 gene seems have key tumor suppressive effects in the formation and development of human cancers including lung cancer.

Prevalence of appendicolith in children with acute appendicitis and its correlation with disease severity.

Objective: Appendicitis typically develops secondary to obstruction of appendiceal lumen and one of the causes of obstruction is appendicolith. Appendicolith has become a relevant issue due to heightened interest in the treatment of uncomplicated appendicitis with antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of appendicolith in pediatric patients with appendicitis and to investigate the association between the presence of appendicoliths and radiological disease severity.

Assessing Auditory and Cochlear Function in Alopecia Areata Patients: Exploring the Link to Cochlear Melanocyte Damage.

Introduction Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder causing hair loss, including eyebrows, eyelashes, and body hair, primarily due to melanocyte impact. Though the precise AA melanocyte hearing loss mechanisms are not fully clear, it's speculated that cochlear melanocyte inflammation could disrupt endolymph production, which is necessary for sound signal transmission. Cochlear melanocytes maintain crucial potassium ion levels, which are pivotal for hearing.