Investigations on Chemically Synthesized Pure and Doped Manganese Dioxide Nanoparticles for Dye Removal and Photocatalytic Applications.

Pure and Mg, Ni, Cd doped MnO nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. These samples were characterised by PXRD, SEM, EDX, FTIR, UV-Vis-NIR, PL, Antibacterial, Cyclic Voltammetry, Dye Degradation and Photocatalytic studies. From the powder XRD studies, the crystallite size of the particle was calculated using Scherer formula and found that the synthesized nanoparticles were in the range from 10 to 12 nm.

Photophysical, Antioxidant, Antibacterial and NBO, LOL, ELF Analysis of Alkyl Groups Substituted Calix[4]resorcinarenes.

In our work to investigate the photophysical, antioxidant, antibacterial, DFT and topological analysis of four C-alkyl calix[4]resorcinarenes (3a-3d - C4RAs). The photophysical properties of C4RAs in selected solvents were recorded using both UV-Visible and fluorescence spectral studies. The absorption and emission maximum of four C4RAs were observed around 280 nm and 318 nm in selected solvents.

A Review on Occurrence and Spread of Antibiotic Resistance in Wastewaters and in Wastewater Treatment Plants: Mechanisms and Perspectives.

This paper reviews current knowledge on sources, spread and removal mechanisms of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in microbial communities of wastewaters, treatment plants and downstream recipients. Antibiotic is the most important tool to cure bacterial infections in humans and animals. The over- and misuse of antibiotics have played a major role in the development, spread, and prevalence of antibiotic resistance (AR) in the microbiomes of humans and animals, and microbial ecosystems worldwide.

A review on the conversion of volatile fatty acids to polyhydroxyalkanoates using dark fermentative effluents from hydrogen production.

The production of bio/microbial-based polymers, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from volatile fatty acids (VFAs) of dark fermentative effluents in the bio-H reactor is being paid attention, owing to their commercial demand, applications and as carbon as well as energy storage source. Since, they are the cheap precursors for such valuable renewable biopolymers which all possess the properties; those are analogous to the petro-derived plastics. Several studies were stated, related to the consumption of both individual and mixed VFAs for the potential PHAs production.

A review on chemical mechanism of microalgae flocculation polymers.

Industrially, harvesting of the microalgal biomass is a techno-economic tailback, which essentially meant for the algal biomass industry. It is considered energy as well as cost-intensive in view of the fact that the dewatering process during harvesting. In this review chemical reactions involved in the flocculation of microalage biomass various certain principal organic polymers are focused.

A review on lignin structure, pretreatments, fermentation reactions and biorefinery potential.

In recent years, lignin valorization is commercially an important and advanced sustainable process for lignocellulosic biomass-based industries, primarily through the depolymerization path. The conversion of the lignin moieties into biofuels and other high value-added products are still challenging to the researchers due to the heterogeneity and complex structure of lignin-containing biomass. Besides, the involvement of different microorganisms that carries varying metabolic and enzymatic complex systems towards degradation and conversion of the lignin moieties also discussed.

Aggregation-induced emission enhancement of anthracene-derived Schiff base compounds and their application as a sensor for bovine serum albumin and optical cell imaging.

Three anthracene-based Schiff base complexes, R1-R3 (R1 = (E)-N´-((anthracen-10-yl)methylene)benzohydrazide; R2 = (E)-1-((anthracen-10-yl)methylene)-4-phenylsemicarbazide; and R3 = (E)-1-((anthracen-10-yl)methylene)-4-phenylthiosemicarbazide) were synthesized from 9-anthracenecarboxaldehyde, benzohydrazide, 4-phenylsemicarbazide and 4-phenylthiosemi-carbazide respectively, and characterized by various spectral techniques. The absorption spectral characteristics of R1-R3 were bathochromically tuned to the visible region by extending the π conjugation. These target compounds were weakly fluorescent in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution because of rapid isomerization of the C=N double bond in the excited state.

Biomass based hydrogen production by dark fermentation-recent trends and opportunities for greener processes.

The generation of biohydrogen as source of biofuel/bioenergy from the wide variety of biomass has gathered a substantial quantum of research efforts in several aspects. One of the major thrusts in this field has been the pursuit of technically sound and effective methods and/or approaches towards significant improvement in the bioconversion efficiency and enhanced biohydrogen yields. In this perspective, the present contribution showcases the views formulated based on the latest advances reported in dark fermentative biohydrogen production (DHFP), which is considered as the most feasible route for commercialization of biohydrogen.

Development of luminescent sensors based on transition metal complexes for the detection of nitroexplosives.

The detection of chemical explosives is a major area of research interest and is essential for the military as well as homeland security to counter the catastrophic effects of global terrorism. In recent years, tremendous effort has been devoted to the development of luminescent materials for the detection of explosives in the vapor, solution, and solid states with a high degree of selectivity and sensitivity and a rapid response time. Apart from the wide range of organic fluorescent chemosensors, transition metal complexes play a prominent role in the sensing of nitroaromatic explosives owing to their rich photophysical characteristics.

Valorization of spent coffee grounds recycling as a potential alternative fuel resource in Turkey: An experimental study.

Unlabelled: In this study, recycling of spent coffee grounds (SCG) as a potential feedstock for alternative fuel production and compounds of added value in Turkey was assessed. The average oil content was found (≈ 13% w/w). All samples (before and after extraction) were tested for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), calorific value, surface analysis and porosity, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and elemental analysis to assess their potential towards fuel properties.

A review on the biomass pretreatment and inhibitor removal methods as key-steps towards efficient macroalgae-based biohydrogen production.

(Red, green and brown) macroalgal biomass is a propitious candidate towards covenant alternative energy resources to be converted into biofuels i.e. hydrogen.

Bio-hythane production from microalgae biomass: Key challenges and potential opportunities for algal bio-refineries.

The interest in microalgae for wastewater treatment and liquid bio-fuels production (i.e. biodiesel and bioethanol) is steadily increasing due to the energy demand of the ultra-modern technological world.

A review on the biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles (gold and silver) using bio-components of microalgae: Formation mechanism and applications.

The synthesis of nanoparticles (NP) using algae has been underexploited and even unexplored. In recent times, there are few reports on the synthesis of NP using algae, which are being used as a bio-factory for the synthesis. Moreover, the algae are a renewable source, so that it could be effectively explored in the green synthesis of NP.

Electrophilic and nucleophilic pathways in ligand oxide mediated reactions of phenylsulfinylacetic acids with oxo(salen)chromium(V) complexes.

The mechanism of oxidative decarboxylation of phenylsulfinylacetic acids (PSAA) by oxo(salen)Cr(V) ion in the presence of ligand oxides has been studied spectrophotometrically in acetonitrile medium. Addition of ligand oxides (LO) causes a red shift in the values of oxo(salen) complexes and an increase in absorbance with the concentration of LO along with a clear isobestic point. The reaction shows first-order dependence on oxo(salen)-chromium(V) ion and fractional-order dependence on PSAA and ligand oxide.

Electron Transfer Studies of Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Biologically Important Phenolic Acids and Tyrosine.

The ruthenium(II) complexes having 2,2'-bipyridine and phenanthroline derivatives are synthesized and characterized. The photophysical properties of these complexes at pH 12.5 are studied.

Synthesis, structural elucidation, biological, antioxidant and nuclease activities of some 5-Fluorouracil-amino acid mixed ligand complexes.

Some biologically active mixed ligand complexes (1-9) have been synthesized from 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU; A) and amino acids (B) such as glycine (gly), L-alanine (ala) and L-valine (val) with Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions. The synthesized mixed ligand complexes (1-9) were characterized by various physico-chemical, spectral, thermal and morphological studies. 5-Fluorouracil and its mixed ligand complexes have been tested for their in vitro biological activities against some pathogenic bacterial and fungal species by the agar well diffusion method.

Morphological and pharmacological investigation on some biopotent materials derived from substituted pyrimidine and imidazole enzyme constituents.

Coordinating behavior of novel N2O type mixed ligand complexes (1-6) have been synthesized from substituted fluoropyrimidine [5-Fluorouracil (5-FU; A)] with biopotent imidazole enzyme constituents (B) viz., imidazole(him) and benzimidazole(bim) in the presence of Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions. Synthesized complexes were characterized by chemical analysis, spectral studies, magnetic moment and conductivity measurements.

Spectroscopic investigation on kinetics, thermodynamics and mechanism for electron transfer reaction of iron(III) complex with sulphur centered radical in stimulated biological system.

Electron transfer reactions of biological organic sulphides with several metal ions to generate sulphide radical cations are a great concern in biochemical process. To understand the mechanism, a stimulated biological system having model compounds, iron(III)-bipyridyl complex with thio-diglycolic acid (TDGA) was investigated. Spectroscopic study reveals the kinetics and thermodynamics of the reaction in aqueous perchloric acid medium.

Growth and characterization of a single crystal of Urea Adipic acid (UAA)--a third order nonlinear optical material.

An organic single crystal of Urea Adipic acid (UAA) was successfully grown in methanol solvent by slow solvent evaporation technique at room temperature (30 °C). The structure of grown crystal was elucidated from the X-ray diffraction study and it belongs to monoclinic system with centrosymmetric space group P21/c. The optical transmission spectrum of UAA has been recorded and its theoretical calculations were carried out to determine the linear optical constants such as linear absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index and reflectance etc.

Nucleation kinetics, growth and studies of β-alanine single crystals.

Solubility and metastable zone width for the re-crystallized salt of β-alanine was determined. Induction period measurement for the selected supersaturation ratios at room temperature (31 °C) was carried out for supersaturated aqueous solutions of β-alanine and it is noticed that induction period decreases with increase of supersaturation ratio. The nucleation parameters such as Gibbs free energy change, radius and number of molecules of the critical nucleus, interfacial tension and the nucleation rate have been evaluated by classical nucleation theory.

Synthesis, growth and characterization of bis (glycine) lithium molybdate--a semi-organic NLO material.

Single crystals of bis (glycine) lithium molybdate [BGLM] with dimensions 20mmx10mmx5mm were grown by slow evaporation technique. The grown crystals were subjected to powder X-ray diffraction studies. Functional groups of the crystallized molecules were confirmed by FTIR analyses.