Sex, gender identity and women's health research and equality: An urgent need for clarity of language and accurate data collection.

Background: With the rise in salience of the concept of gender identity, changes are being made to language and data collection with major implications for women's health research and equality. Specifically, language referring to women is being desexed and data collection on sex diminishing. In 2023, Australia's National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) undertook public consultations on two draft guidance documents discussing use of the words 'woman'/'women' when describing the involvement of pregnant women in research, and sex and gender identity data collection.

Understanding preconception health in Australia through the lens of people of reproductive age: Implications for care providers.

Problem: Limited awareness about the importance of preconception health is a recognised barrier to preparing for pregnancy.

Background: Opportunities exist to improve the health of future parents through preconception care. One of the recognised barriers to pregnancy preparation is a lack of knowledge and a lack of presentation for information and care.

Bereaved parent involvement in co-designed stillbirth research: Experiences of Project Engage.

Background: While benefits of involving consumers in research are well established, bereaved parents face unique challenges, and descriptions of their experiences with co-designed stillbirth research are lacking. The collective experience of 'Project Engage' involved co-designing resources to support bereaved parents' involvement in research.

Methods: This study aimed to describe and evaluate the involvement of bereaved parents as co-investigators of a stillbirth research project.

Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

Engaging family members in nutrition care during recovery from critical illness.

Purpose Of Review: The delivery of high-quality personalized nutrition care both during ICU and throughout post-ICU recovery is limited by multifactorial barriers. As families are often a present and consistent resource, family engagement may help to optimize nutrition support during hospitalization and after recovery from critical illness. In this review, we summarize the evidence base for family engagement in nutrition care and hypothesize future roles families may play, throughout the critical illness recovery trajectory.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Visual Cognitive Assessment Test(VCAT) is a visual-based cognitive evaluation tool which can be administered to multilingual populations without translation. VCAT has shown to be effective in differentiating mild cognitive impairment(MCI) from cognitively normal and useful for diagnosing MCI and mild AD(Kandiah et al., 2016).

Atrial fibrillation ablation timing: where is the sweet spot?

Convincing evidence for the efficacy of ablation as first-line therapy in paroxysmal AF (PAF) and its clear superiority to medical therapy for rhythm control in both PAF and persistent AF (PsAF) has generated considerable interest in the optimal timing of ablation. Based on this data, there is a widespread view that the principle of 'the earlier the better' should be generally applied. However, the natural history of AF is highly variable and non-linear, and for this reason, it is difficult to be emphatic that all patients are best served by ablation early after their initial AF episodes.

Challenges and strategies for effective recruitment and retention of participants in clinical research studies.

Effective recruitment and retention of participants in clinical research studies are critical to be able to draw meaningful and valid conclusions in research studies. However, there are multiple challenges related to communication, generalizability, and logistics. Researchers must address and overcome these challenges to ensure robust research outcomes.

Patients perspectives on integrating eHealth in regular care pathways for atrial fibrillation: evaluating photoplethysmography for remote self-assessment.

Aims: Smartphone applications for heart rate and rhythm assessment are increasingly used for the management of atrial fibrillation (AF). Although the use of a photoplethysmography (PPG)-based smartphone application with subsequent (tele)consultations for AF management has been proven feasible in the TeleCheck-AF project, specific needs, and expectations of patients with AF are unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate patients' perspectives on the use of remote PPG-based electronical health (eHealth) integrated in regular care pathways for AF.

Exploring adolescents' experiences navigating the intersection of their gender, sport, and dietary identities: an interpretative phenomenological study.

Not all adolescents have positive sport experiences. Research has repeatedly identified ties between unfavorable eating patterns and food beliefs (i.e.

Clinical Pharmacology and Approach to Dose Selection of Emestedastat, a Novel Tissue Cortisol Synthesis Inhibitor for the Treatment of Central Nervous System Disease.

This review demonstrates the value of central pharmacodynamics (PD), including positron emission tomography (PET) and computerized cognitive testing, to supplement pharmacokinetic (PK) and peripheral PD for determining the target dose range for clinical efficacy testing of emestedastat, an 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitor. Combined data from 6 clinical trials in cognitively normal volunteers and patients with Alzheimer disease included a population PK model, endocrine PD, a human PET trial (11β-HSD1 brain imaging), and computerized cognitive testing. PK and PET findings were similar in volunteers and patients with Alzheimer disease.

The clinical use of dream content in modern psychiatry.

Objective: Though there is a rich psychoanalytic tradition investigating the content and phenomenology of dreams, the clinical use of this has fallen into widespread disuse. We have undertaken a narrative review of the clinical significance and utility of dream content.

Findings: Dream content may have useful clinical and prognostic value in a number of neurological and psychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder, temporal lobe epilepsy, REM sleep behaviour disorder, dementia, the culture-bound syndrome of Latah, and substance use.

Provincial distribution of unintended pregnancy and its associated factors in Sierra Leone.

Background: Unintended pregnancy is a significant public health concern in Sierra Leone, with far-reaching consequences for both mothers and children. This issue impacts individual well-being, strains healthcare systems, and hinders socioeconomic development. This study examined the prevalence and factors associated with unintended pregnancy in Sierra Leone.

The β Common Cytokine Receptor Family Reveals New Functional Paradigms From Structural Complexities.

Cytokines are small proteins that are critical for controlling the growth and activity of hematopoietic cells by binding to cell surface receptors and transmitting signals across membranes. The β common (βc) cytokine receptor family, consisting of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-3, and IL-5 cytokine receptors, is an architype of the heterodimeric cytokine receptor systems. We now know that signaling by cytokine receptors is not always an "all or none" phenomenon.

High-entropy alloys catalyzing polymeric transformation of water pollutants with remarkably improved electron utilization efficiency.

High-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) exhibit favorable properties in catalytic processes, as their multi-metallic sites ensure both high intrinsic activity and atomic efficiency. However, controlled synthesis of uniform multi-metallic ensembles at the atomic level remains challenging. This study successfully loads HEA-NPs onto a nitrogen-doped carbon carrier (HEAs) and pioneers the application in peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to drive Fenton-like oxidation.

Endings and Beginnings.

Editor Emeritus Chris Alderman reflects on his past five years in his role with The Senior Care Pharmacist. This editorial is his farewell address to the readers as new editors in chief take the helm.

Discrimination of Healthy and -Infected Grapes Using Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis with Direct Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

infections of grapes significantly reduce yield and quality and increase phenolic compound oxidation, resulting in color loss, off-flavors, and odors in wine. In this study, metabolites were extracted from grape homogenates comprising healthy or infected grapes from different vintages, cultivars, regions, and maturity stages. Samples were randomly analyzed by direct injection into an ion trap mass spectrometer, with data collected from 50 to 2000 / for 1 min.

Unusual Causes of Death Due to Constipation.

Constipation is found in individuals with intellectual disabilities, autism, and cerebral palsy. Although generally a benign condition, it may lead to life-threatening intestinal obstruction, with or without volvulus, or to stercoral ulceration with enteritis and/or perforation. Two unusual cases of lethal chronic constipation are reported to demonstrate other very rare fatal mechanisms that may occur.

Beyond despair: Leveraging ecosystem restoration for psychosocial resilience.

Ecosystem restoration has historically been viewed as an ecological endeavor, but restoration possesses significant, yet largely untapped, potential as a catalyst for personal and social transformation. We highlight the opportunity for restoration to enhance community resilience by increasing agency and collective action and countering the pervasive perception that we are powerless witnesses to environmental decline. In this perspective, we take a "bright spots" approach and highlight successful examples of ecosystem restoration that have helped to nurture a sense of place, foster optimism, and cultivate stronger and more diverse social networks.

Getting school-provided meals to the table: an international multiple-case study of school food service.

A school food service, which is the way children access food during the school day, is one of the many aspects in creating a health-promoting school environment. School-provided meal services differ greatly, depending on the country, region and school contexts, however, there is limited understanding of the diverse meal delivery within these settings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand different school-provided meal systems across different countries and contexts.

Enhanced Advance care planning and life Review Longitudinal Intervention (EARLI): Protocol for a cluster randomized controlled cross-over trial of life story work and facilitated advance care planning among older Australian adults in community settings.

Background: Advance care planning (ACP) is potentially helpful for older adults, however, the rate of uptake in community aged care settings is low. Previous pilot studies suggest that holistic, person-centered ACP approaches may be effective for older adults who experience functional impairment but do not necessarily have life-limiting conditions with clear prognoses. This paper describes the protocol of a randomized trial to test the effectiveness of combined life story work and facilitated ACP in promoting ACP engagement among older adults receiving community aged care services.

Incidence, Characteristics and Prognostic Significance of Early Recurrences Following Different Ablation Approaches for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: Early recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia (ERAT) is common following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). The specific clinical and arrhythmia characteristics of ERAT influencing late recurrence risk in persistent AF is unclear. Additionally, the impact of different ablation strategies on the incidence and prognostic significance of ERAT remains unknown.

Unearthing the secrets of Australia's most enigmatic and cryptic mammal, the marsupial mole.

The marsupial moles are arguably Australia's most enigmatic marsupials. Almost indistinguishable from placental (eutherian) moles, they provide a striking example of convergent evolution. Exploring the genome of the southern marsupial mole, we provide insights into its unusual biology.