Validity, reliability and clinical utility of ASSIST-Y in assessing risk of substance-related harm and dependence in Spanish male adolescents.

Background: Substance use among adolescents is strongly associated with adverse physical, mental health, and social outcomes. Prevention and early intervention can reduce the likelihood of future problems, but requires valid and reliable screening tools capable of assessing risk across a range of substances. This study assessed the validity, reliability, and clinical utility of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST-Y) for adolescents aged 15-17 years.

Determining timeframes to death for imminently dying patients: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Clinicians are frequently asked 'how long' questions at end-of-life by patients and those important to them, yet predicting timeframes to death remains uncertain, even in the last weeks and days of life. Patients and families wish to know so they can ask questions, plan, make decisions, have time to visit and say their goodbyes, and have holistic care needs met. Consequently, this necessitates a more accurate assessment of empirical data to better inform prognostication and reduce uncertainty around time until death.

Poorer objective but not subjective driving performance in drivers vulnerable to sleep loss effects during extended wake.

Sleepiness-related errors are a leading cause of driving accidents, requiring drivers to effectively monitor sleepiness levels. However, there are inter-individual differences in driving performance after sleep loss, with some showing poor driving performance while others show minimal impairment. This research explored if there are differences in self-reported sleepiness and driving performance in healthy drivers who exhibited vulnerability or resistance to objective driving impairment following extended wakefulness.

Barriers affecting the quality and consistency of barium studies in radiologists and registrars.

The barium swallow study is a fluoroscopic study which provides valuable insights into the motility, function and morphology of the pharynx, oesophagus, gastroesophageal junction, proximal stomach and duodenum. It has been observed that the skill of radiology doctors with barium swallow studies in adults has diminished. This reduced proficiency with barium swallow study is closely linked to and perpetuated by the heterogeneity of technique amongst radiologists.

Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons guidelines development: Clinical Practice Guideline Update Standard Operating Procedure.

Introduction: The SAGES Guidelines Committee creates evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Updates which incorporate new evidence into the guidelines are necessary to maintain relevance for clinical use. A description of our standard operating procedure for this process is described here, which contributes to SAGES' commitment to producing high-quality clinical recommendations.

Exploring the Mediating Role of Social Exchange Orientation in the Relationship Between Mentoring Experiences and Mentoring Intentions: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The study utilized a cross-sectional design to determine the relationship between positive and negative mentoring experiences and intentions to engage in future formal mentoring and the mediating role of aspects of social exchange theory particularly Negotiated Exchange Orientation and Perceived Organization Support. The study was conducted among 303 nurses and midwives working in acute care hospitals in Uganda. The results showed that, in the negative mentoring model, Perceived Organization Support fully mediated the relationship between lack of mentor expertise and willingness to participate in formal mentoring programs (B = -0.

Intestinal barrier function, caecal microbiota and growth performance of thermoneutral or heat stressed broiler chickens fed reduced crude protein diets supplemented with guanidinoacetic acid.

The effectiveness of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) in reduced protein (RP) diets on performance and gut health of broilers under heat stress is largely unknown. A 35-d experiment was conducted using four dietary treatments: a standard protein diet (SP, 22.1 and 20.

Nanoparticle Association with Brain Cells Is Augmented by Protein Coronas Formed in Cerebrospinal Fluid.

Neuronanomedicine harnesses nanoparticle technology for the treatment of neurological disorders. An unavoidable consequence of nanoparticle delivery to biological systems is the formation of a protein corona on the nanoparticle surface. Despite the well-established influence of the protein corona on nanoparticle behavior and fate, as well as FDA approval of neuro-targeted nanotherapeutics, the effect of a physiologically relevant protein corona on nanoparticle-brain cell interactions is insufficiently explored.

The continued evolution of the L2 cephalosporinase in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: A key driver of beta-lactam resistance.

The Stenotrophomonas maltophilia L2 cephalosporinase is one of two beta-lactamases which afford S. maltophilia beta-lactam resistance. With the overuse of beta-lactams, selective pressures have contributed to the evolution of these proteins, generating proteins with an extended spectrum of activity.

Automated characterisation of cerebral microbleeds using their size and spatial distribution on brain MRI.

Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are small, hypointense hemosiderin deposits in the brain measuring 2-10 mm in diameter. As one of the important biomarkers of small vessel disease, they have been associated with various neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. Hence, automated detection, and subsequent extraction of clinically useful metrics (e.

Understanding how cardiorespiratory training is implemented to address cardiorespiratory fitness in adults following a stroke: a systematic review.

Purpose: To systematically review the evidence investigating the implementation of cardiorespiratory (CR) training in adults following a stroke and to understand how interventions are prescribed to address cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).

Methods: Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, EMCARE, Scopus, PEDro and ProQuest were searched from inception until January 2024. Inclusion criteria were studies that included adults following a stroke, investigated CR training interventions and used standardised CRF assessments.

'Screening should not be based on ability to pay': Australian healthcare providers' and consumers' perspectives on public funding for non-invasive prenatal testing.

Background: Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) does not receive any Medicare rebate. This study investigated the views of Australian healthcare providers and consumers on public funding of NIPT.

Materials And Methods: Two anonymous online, cross-sectional surveys were conducted from September 2022 to January 2023.

Time to standardize educational competencies on EBP: the benefits of a common core framework.

Principles, theories, and models of education for health professionals have not evolved in parallel with advanced requirements for evidence-based practice (EBP). We propose that groups such as JBI, with a global network of clinical and academic centers, are well placed to reignite the debate and advance evidence-based curriculum development. This can be achieved by operationalizing the JBI Model for Evidence-Based Healthcare within the Sicily statement's pedagogical framework.

Cardiac growth patterns and metabolism before and after birth in swine: Role of miR in proliferation, hypertrophy and metabolism.

The adult mammalian heart is unable to undergo cardiac repair, limiting potential treatment options after cardiac damage. However, the fetal heart is capable of cardiac repair. In preparation for birth, cardiomyocytes (CMs) undergo major maturational changes that include exit from the cell cycle, hypertrophic growth, and mitochondrial maturation.

Perspectives on Frailty Among Emergency Physicians: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.

Background The proportion of older people in the general population is rising. Accompanying this rise is an increased prevalence of frailty. Frailty is a syndrome of increased vulnerability to stressors due to decreased physiological reserve and is linked to increased health services use.

From knife to needle - the trend of vascular neurosurgery in Belgium.

Introduction: The management of neurovascular pathologies has changed globally over the last few decades. Endovascular treatments are increasing, and fewer surgical procedures are performed.

Research Question: Evaluate the evolution of vascular neurosurgery in Belgium over the last 30 years and compare with other countries.

Oriented catalysis through chaos: high-entropy spinels in heterogeneous reactions.

High-entropy spinel (HES) compounds, as a typical class of high-entropy materials (HEMs), represent a novel frontier in the search for next-generation catalysts. Their unique blend of high entropy, compositional diversity, and structural complexity offers unprecedented opportunities to tailor catalyst properties for enhanced performance (, activity, selectivity, and stability) in heterogeneous reactions. However, there is a gap in a critical review of the catalytic applications of HESs, especially focusing on an in-depth discussion of the structure-property-performance relationships.

Drug repurposing screen targeting PARP identifies cytotoxic activity of efavirenz in high-grade serous ovarian cancer.

Drug repurposing has potential to improve outcomes for high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Repurposing drugs with PARP family binding activity may produce cytotoxic effects through the multiple mechanisms of PARP including DNA repair, cell-cycle regulation, and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to determine existing drugs that have PARP family binding activity and can be repurposed for treatment of HGSOC.

Impact of changes in native coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS). A bilateral single implant study.

Background: A contemporary trend favours a restricted kinematic alignment (rKA) strategy, incorporating safe boundaries to restore a variable percentage of a patient's natural alignment.This study aims to compare preoperative and postoperative coronal plane knee alignment (CPAK) in patients undergoing bilateral TKA with SAIPH implants (MatOrtho, UK). The concept was to control the implant (same prosthesis both sides), patient (bilateral model) and assess what effect any surgical alteration in alignment had on patient's outcomes measured by patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS) and patient satisfaction.

The Use of Omics in Untangling the Effect of Lifestyle Factors in Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

Aim: To synthesise the evidence from clinical trials and observational studies using omics techniques to investigate the impact of diet and lifestyle factors on metabolite profile in pregnancy, and in the prevention and management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Materials And Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Ovid, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases in October 2023 and updated in September 2024. Inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials (RCT) or non-RCTs in pregnant women with or without GDM, that measured diet and lifestyle factors, and which applied post-transcriptional omics approaches.

Measuring Food and Water Security in an Aboriginal Community in Regional Australia.

Objective: To measure current levels and experiences of food and water security in Walgett to guide a community-led program and to provide a baseline measure.

Design: A community-led cross-sectional survey conducted in April 2022 by trained local researchers.

Setting: Walgett, a regional town in NSW, Australia.

Personalising glioblastoma medicine: explant organoid applications, challenges and future perspectives.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive adult brain cancer, characterised by poor prognosis and a dismal five-year survival rate. Despite significant knowledge gains in tumour biology, meaningful advances in patient survival remain elusive. The field of neuro-oncology faces many disease obstacles, one being the paucity of faithful models to advance preclinical research and guide personalised medicine approaches.