Soil carbon fractionation as a tool to monitor coastal wetland rehabilitation.

Coastal wetland rehabilitation can provide nature-based solutions for climate change mitigation. The high carbon accumulation rate and carbon secured, potentially for several millennia, as soil organic carbon (SOC), is among the reasons. Measuring SOC storage and accrual over time are the main tools to understand rehabilitation success.

Deep Learning Predicts Subtype Heterogeneity and Outcomes in Luminal A Breast Cancer Using Routinely Stained Whole Slide Images.

Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) presents challenges for precision oncology, but methods for its spatial quantification, scalable at population levels, do not exist. Based on previous work showing that admixture of PAM50 subtype can be measured from bulk tissue using transcriptomic data, we trained a deep neural network (DNN) to quantify subtype ITH in Luminal A (LumA) breast cancer from routinely-stained whole slide images. We tested the hypothesis that subtype admixture detected in images was associated with tumor aggressiveness and adverse outcome.

Sleep patterns among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and non-Indigenous Australians: A South Australian descriptive exploratory study.

Aim: Irregularities with sleep patterns and behaviours are commonly observed in Australia, but there is lack of information regarding sleep patterns among Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander adults. This study explores sleep patterns in Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander adults, comparing it with non-Indigenous Australian adults in addition to investigating any potential effects on daytime behaviour.

Methods: A total of 730 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples aged 18 years and above were included in the study.

War Anxiety: A Review.

Purpose Of Review: This review critically evaluates literature on war-induced anxiety, highlighting findings from 2021 to 2024, especially during the Russia-Ukraine war.

Recent Findings: Measures and prevalence estimates of anxiety and fear are updated. Populations affected by armed conflicts include residents of conflict zones and neighboring countries, internally displaced persons, refugees, combatants, and healthcare and humanitarian aid workers.

Large morphological transitions underlie exceptional shape diversification in an adaptive radiation.

Adaptive radiations are characterized by an increase in species and/or phenotypic diversity as organisms fill open ecological niches. Often, the putative adaptive radiation has been studied without explicit comparison to the patterns and rates of evolution of closely related clades, leaving open the question whether notable changes in evolutionary process indeed occurred at the origin of the group. Anolis lizards are an oft-used model for investigating the tempo and mode of adaptive radiations.

Preconception care interventions among adolescents and young adults to prevent adverse maternal, perinatal and child health outcomes: An evidence gap map.

Objective: To identify gaps in existing evidence on preconception health interventions to improve the health outcomes of adolescents, young adults, and their offspring.

Study Design: Evidence gap map (EGM) METHODS: Following the Campbell guidelines, we included reviews and interventional studies identified through searches on Medline and other electronic databases from 2010 to July 18th, 2023. Dual screening of titles/abstracts and full texts was conducted on Covidence software, followed by quality assessment and development of 2D-EGM using the EPPI-Reviewer and Mapper software.

Effects of exercise on vascular remodelling and fetal growth in uncomplicated and abortion-prone mouse pregnancies.

Studies in humans and rodents show exercise in pregnancy can modulate maternal blood pressure, vascular volume, and placental efficiency, but whether exercise affects early uteroplacental vascular adaptations is unknown. To investigate this, CBA/J female mice mated with BALB/c males to generate healthy uncomplicated pregnancies (BALB/c-mated) or mated with DBA/2J males to generate abortion-prone pregnancies (DBA/2J-mated), were subjected to treadmill exercise (5 days/week, 10 m/min, 30 min/day for 6 weeks before and throughout pregnancy), or remained sedentary. In uncomplicated pregnancies, exercise caused symmetric fetal growth restriction in fetuses evidenced by reductions in fetal weight, crown-to-rump length, abdominal girth and biparietal diameter.

Guidelines for the standardization of pre-analytical variables for salivary biomarker studies in Alzheimer's disease research: An updated review and consensus of the Salivary Biomarkers for Dementia Research Working Group.

There is a pressing need for accessible biomarkers with high diagnostic accuracy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis to facilitate widespread screening, particularly in underserved groups. Saliva is an emerging specimen for measuring AD biomarkers, with distinct contexts of use that could complement blood and cerebrospinal fluid and detect various analytes. An interdisciplinary, international group of AD and related dementias (ADRD) researchers convened and performed a narrative review of published studies on salivary AD biomarkers.

Critical Role of Nanomaterial Mechanical Properties in Drug Delivery, Nanovaccines and Beyond.

Nanomaterials have become essential in the daily lives, finding applications in food, skincare, drugs, and vaccines. Traditionally, the surface chemistry of nanoparticles (NPs) is considered the key factor in determining their interactions with biological systems. However, recent studies have shown that the mechanical properties of nanomaterials are equally important in regulating nano-bio interactions, though they have often been overlooked.

Is transoral robotic surgery useful as a salvage technique in head and neck cancers: a systematic review and meta analysis.

Background: Residual, recurrent, and second primary head and neck cancers are on the rise. This is largely driven by a younger age at diagnosis and increasingly targeted chemoradiotherapy options. Salvage surgery remains the only curative intent option in this cohort of patients.

From Traditional to Cutting-Edge: Transforming Pulmonary Valve Assessment With Advanced Echocardiography Techniques.

The pulmonary valve (PV), although often less emphasized than other heart valves, is crucial for cardiac function and hemodynamics. Historically, the PV has been underrepresented in echocardiographic assessments due to its rare involvement in pathological conditions, particularly in adults. Additionally, the anatomical position of the PV makes it one of the most challenging valves to visualize using conventional echocardiography.

Exploring the Indoor Plant-People Relationship Through Qualitative Responses.

Humans have a long-standing relationship with the natural world, particularly in how they engage with plants-referred to as people-plant relationships. While plants naturally live outdoors, people have been including them inside built environments for centuries. Although the benefits of indoor plants are well documented in research, there is limited exploration of individuals' subjective relationships with their indoor plants.

The effect of a combined compression-tactile stimulating sock on postural stability.

Previous research has demonstrated that postural stability may be improved by increasing stimulation to the somatosensory system. Wearing lower limb compression garments or textured in-soles have been found to be effective short-term methods for improving postural stability, hypothesized to be due to enhanced tactile feedback. The aim of this study was to assess whether a combined compression-tactile sock increases postural stability in healthy adults, compared to barefoot.

Harmonizing measurement tools: examining the concurrent validity of the Daily Activity Behaviors Questionnaire compared to the ActiGraph to assess 24-hour movement behaviors among adults.

Purpose: An accurate assessment of time spent in 24-hour movement behaviors (24 h-MBs) is crucial in exploring health related associations. This study aims to evaluate the concurrent validity of the Daily Activity Behavior Questionnaire (DABQ) compared to the ActiGraph using absolute and relative indicators of validity.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 105 adults (45 ± 13 y/o, 54% female).

Role of NaCO as Nucleation Seeds to Accelerate the CO Uptake Kinetics of MgO-Based Sorbents.

There is an urgent need for inexpensive, functional materials that can capture and release CO under industrial conditions. In this context, MgO is a highly promising, earth-abundant CO sorbent. However, despite its favorable carbonation thermodynamics and potential for high gravimetric CO uptakes, MgO-based CO sorbents feature slow carbonation kinetics, limiting their CO uptake during typical industrial contact times.

Estradiol Concentrations and Wellbeing in Trans People Using Estradiol Hormone Therapy.

Purpose: In trans people undergoing feminizing hormone therapy, optimal estradiol concentrations are unclear, and anecdotally, some individuals desire supraphysiologic estradiol concentrations. We aimed to assess associations between estradiol concentration and psychological distress, well-being, and dysphoria. Second, we aimed to explore relationships between estradiol concentration and the risk of medical conditions potentially associated with estradiol therapy.

Hydrophilic Ethylene Glycol Fragments: A Determinant Affecting the Therapeutic Index of Paclitaxel Prodrug Nanoassemblies.

Prodrug-based nanoassemblies are promising platforms for cancer therapy. Prodrugs typically consist of three main components: drug modules, intelligent response modules, and modification modules. However, the available modification modules are usually hydrophobic aliphatic side chains, which affect the activation efficiency of the prodrugs.

Assessment of Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) 2015 guideline adherence in medical imaging diagnostic accuracy studies published in 2023.

Background: The Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) 2015 guideline facilitates evaluation of key aspects of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies and their findings, including the risk of bias and applicability of findings.

Objective: To evaluate the completeness of reporting in medical imaging DTA research in a sample of studies published in 2023.

Materials And Methods: A systematic search of Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library was performed to identify medical imaging DTA studies published between January - June 2023 that assessed one or more index imaging tests compared to a reference standard and reported test performance using relevant outcome measures.

International experiences of implementing the Fundamentals of Care Framework in nursing curricula.

Objectives: To explore university-based nurse educators' experiences of implementing the Fundamentals of Care Framework in nursing curricula.

Methods: A qualitative research design employing interpretative phenomenological analysis was used. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews with eight nursing educators in five different countries.

Motion analysis for objective evaluation of psychomotor skills in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.

Background: This study aims to digitalize surgical maneuvers in ESS using a motion capture system under standardized conditions provided by 3D printed-sinus models.

Methodology: Forty-seven otolaryngologists performed ESS on 3D printed models manufactured from computed tomography (CT) images of actual patients. Participants were classified to 3 groups according to the objective structured technical skills assessment score.

IUPHAR themed review: The gut microbiome in schizophrenia.

Gut microbial dysbiosis or altered gut microbial consortium, in schizophrenia suggests a pathogenic role through the gut-brain axis, influencing neuroinflammatory and neurotransmitter pathways critical to psychotic, affective, and cognitive symptoms. Paradoxically, conventional psychotropic interventions may exacerbate this dysbiosis, with antipsychotics, particularly olanzapine, demonstrating profound effects on microbial architecture through disruption of bacterial phyla ratios, diminished taxonomic diversity, and attenuated short-chain fatty acid synthesis. To address these challenges, novel therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiome, encompassing probiotic supplementation, prebiotic compounds, faecal microbiota transplantation, and rationalised co-pharmacotherapy, show promise in attenuating antipsychotic-induced metabolic disruptions while enhancing therapeutic efficacy.

Competing mechanisms for the buckling of an epithelial monolayer identified using multicellular simulation.

A model using the rigid body multi-cellular framework (RBMCF) is implemented to investigate the mechanisms of buckling of an epithelial monolayer. Specifically, the deformation of a monolayer of epithelial cells which are attached to a basement membrane and the surrounding stromal tissue. The epithelial monolayer , supporting basement membrane and stromal tissue are modelled using two separate vertex dynamics models (one for the epithelial monolayer layer and one for the basement membrane and stromal tissue combined) and interactions between the two are considered using the RBMCF to ensure biologically realistic interactions.

Trends in the surgical management of proximal humerus fractures over the last 20 years from Australian registry databases.

Background: Proximal humerus fractures (PHF) are common with approximately 30% requiring surgical intervention. This ranges from open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) to shoulder arthroplasty (including hemiarthroplasty, total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA)). The aim of this study was to assess trends in operative interventions for PHF in an Australian population.