Impact of maternal antenatal nutrition and infection treatment interventions on Longitudinal Infant Development and Growth in rural Ethiopia: protocol of the LIDG child follow-up study.

Introduction: Maternal undernutrition and inflammation in utero may significantly impact the neurodevelopmental potential of offspring. However, few studies have investigated the effects of pregnancy interventions on long-term child growth and development. This study will examine the effects of prenatal nutrition and infection management interventions on long-term growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes of offspring.

Occupation-related respiratory diseases among sanitary workers in the workplace: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Emerging evidence from both developed and developing countries indicates that occupation-related respiratory diseases (ORRD) among sanitary workers constitute a significant public health challenge. These are because of the working environment, where employees are more likely to be at risk in an unsafe workplace, especially sanitary workers. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence of ORRD among sanitary workers.

Complications of delayed diagnosis and challenges: successfully managed SPTB gene variant hereditary spherocytosis with hepatocellular jaundice-a case report.

Background: Hereditary spherocytosis is a rare genetic disorder of the red blood cell membrane that is characterized by anemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly; however, in the absence of family history and with unusual clinical presentation, the diagnosis might not be made until later in life.

Case Presentation: Here, we present a challenging case of genetically proven hereditary spherocytosis that involves the SPTB gene in a 23-year-old female patient from Ethiopia who had repeated medical visits for episodic jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly, with unusual features of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, pancytopenia, normal reticulocyte count, and lack of family history, where the delay in diagnosis led to several complications. The patient was successfully managed with simultaneous splenectomy and cholecystectomy.

Qualitative drivers of postoperative prophylactic antibiotics use and resistance in Ethiopia.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) cautions against unnecessary prolongation of postoperative antibiotics to prevent surgical site infections (SSI), however this practice is still common in many countries. This study aims to describe drivers of prolonged postoperative antibiotic prescribing and clinicians' perspectives on antibiotics resistance and stewardship in Ethiopia.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews of 16 surgeons and nine surgical ward nurses at three academic referral hospitals in Addis Ababa.

Improving the time to pain relief in the emergency department through triage nurse-initiated analgesia - a quasi-experimental study from Ethiopia.

Introduction: Pain management is crucial for improving patients' quality of care. Persistent pain has been linked to higher depression, anxiety, and work-related difficulties. This study aimed to enhance the time to pain relief in the emergency department through triage nurse-initiated analgesia.

Barriers to equitable healthcare services for under-five children in Ethiopia: a qualitative exploratory study.

Background: Disparities in child healthcare service utilization are unacceptably high in Ethiopia. Nevertheless, little is known about underlying barriers to accessing child health services, especially among low socioeconomic subgroups and in remote areas. This study aims to identify barriers to equity in the use of child healthcare services in Ethiopia.

Complete Congenital Absence of the Left Pericardium in Elderly Patient: A Case Report.

Congenital pericardial absence is an uncommon heart condition that is usually undiagnosed due to a lack of symptoms and awareness. In this case study, we present a 72-year-old patient who initially presented for medical evaluation due to unexplained weight loss, a displaced cardiac apex, and poor echocardiographic windows. An extracardiac tumor was suspected at first, but it was later determined that the patient had a congenital complete absence of the left pericardium.

Trends of inequality in DPT3 immunization services utilization in Ethiopia and its determinant factors: Evidence from Ethiopian demographic and health surveys, 2000-2019.

Background: Low levels of diphtheria, tetanus toxoid, pertussis (DPT3) immunization services utilization and high deaths among under five children are concentrated in economically and socially disadvantaged groups, especially in low and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. Hence, the aim of this study is to assess levels and trends in DPT3 immunization services utilization in Ethiopia and identify inequalities.

Methods: This study used data from 2000, 2005, 2011, 2016, and 2019 Ethiopian Demographic Health Surveys (EDHSs).

Predictors of Depressive Symptoms Among Parents of Children With Cancer in Ethiopia.

The severity of the psychological impact on parents of children with cancer, often depressive symptoms due to mild-to-severe stress, is well documented. The causes are primarily related to their child's cancer diagnosis and treatment, side effects, lack of social support, missing information about their child's disease, and understanding of how to care for their child during treatment. This study assessed predictors of depressive symptoms among parents of children with cancer in one hospital in Ethiopia.

Perception about human papillomavirus vaccination among middle adolescent school girls in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2023: qualitative study.

Background: Human papillomavirus vaccine uptake among school girls in Ethiopia was still low and uptake was majorly related to perception regarding the vaccine. This study explored school girls' perceptions of Human papillomavirus vaccination in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Objectives: The main aim of this study was to explore the perception of secondary school girls towards Human Papilloma Virus vaccine in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2023.

Neonatal Spontaneous Bilateral Posterior Fossa Chronic Subdural Hematoma and Obstructive Hydrocephalus with a Successful Outcome: A Case Report.

Background: Chronic supratentorial subdural hematoma is uncommon in neonates but accounts for most neurosurgical procedures in neonatal age. However, its occurrence in the posterior fossa is extremely rare. It can be caused by instrumental delivery, coagulation abnormality, hypoxic insult, and various structural abnormalities.

Why and How Should Ethiopia Establish a Stem Cell Transplant Service? A Review Article.

Ethiopia is attempting to reduce cancer-related morbidity and mortality through a strategic national cancer control plan but according to Globocan 2020, hematologic malignancies particularly leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma rank among the top five leading causes of new cancer incidence and cause of death among all age groups in both sexes. Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is an advanced treatment modality that makes the only effective treatment for cancer and non-cancer-related hematologic diseases unresponsive to conventional therapy. Patients who need stem cell transplants must travel to abroad countries to get the treatment.

Clinical profile and outcomes of trauma patients visiting the emergency department of a trauma center Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Introduction: The term traumatic injury refers to physical injuries that present quickly and with a great deal of severity. These injuries can result from blunt, penetrating, and other causes. The best patients' outcomes are achieved when all parts of a trauma care system are in place.

Magnitude of and Its Association with Preeclampsia Among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia: A Case Control Study.

Background: infections are associated with many complications of pregnancy including preeclampsia. It has been suggested that infection could contribute to the etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia by inducing a pro-inflammatory state.

Objective: To assess the magnitude of infection and its association with preeclamptic and non-preeclamptic pregnant women attending antenatal care in Ethiopia.

Organ function biomarker abnormalities, associated factors and disease outcome among hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of abnormal organ function tests and biomarkers in hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 and to define the association among markers of organ failure, disease severity and its outcome in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Ethiopia. A prospective cohort study was conducted among COVID-19 patients admitted to Millennium COVID-19 Treatment Center from December 2020 to June 2021. The median age of the 440 study participants was 60.

Rift Valley fever during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa: A double burden for Africa's healthcare system.

A new rising incidence of Rift Valley fever (RVF) among livestock and humans in the African continent during the COVID-19 pandemic has become of increasing concern. We analyzed the different ways COVID-19 has contributed to the increase in RVF cases and how it has impacted the interventions allocated to the disease by comparing it with the status of the disease before the pandemic. There is enough evidence to conclude that the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the efforts being taken to prevent outbreaks of RVF.

Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Related Deaths in Ethiopia.

Background: Since the occurrence of COVID-19 in the world, it has claimed nearly 1.39 million human lives in the world and more than 1500 lives in Ethiopia. The number of deaths is increasing with variable distribution in the world.

Assessment of intention to use postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in ambo town public health institutions, Ethiopia, 2018.

Background: Maternal mortality tragedy is the issue of both developed and developing countries, especially sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia, which is due to poor quality of maternal health care services. Therefore family planning especially the use of Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices can tackle unintended pregnancy and maternal death. However,the intention to use PPIUCD and the use of IUCD in general is not well practiced in Ethiopia according to evidences of the literatures.

Predictors of Resilience Among Parents of Children with Cancer: Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: Resilience is an ability to overcome adversities in response to a potentially traumatic event. It relieves parents' discomfort and builds personal capacity when facing a stressful situation like childhood cancer. Therefore, the study's objective is to assess the magnitude of resilience and its predictors among the parents of children with cancer at Jimma medical center, Ethiopia, 2020.

Features of Streptococcus agalactiae strains recovered from pregnant women and newborns attending different hospitals in Ethiopia.

Background: Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) serotypes, sequence types, and antimicrobial resistance profile vary across different geographic locations affecting disease patterns in newborns. These differences are important considerations for vaccine development efforts and data from large countries in Africa is limited. The aim of this study was to determine serotypes and genotypes of GBS isolates from pregnant women and their newborns in Ethiopia.

Group B Streptococcus colonization rate and serotype distribution among pregnant women and their newborns at Adama Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia.

Rectovaginal area of pregnant women can be colonized transiently with group B Streptococcus (GBS) without causing disease. The bacteria can be transmitted to the newborn before and during birth and cause early-onset neonatal disease. In this study, we aimed to determine the GBS colonization rate among pregnant women before delivery and their newborns and serotypes distribution of GBS.

Tenofovir alafenamide use in pregnant and lactating women living with HIV.

: Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)-containing fixed-dose drug combinations (FDCs) are increasingly being used in managing pregnant women living with HIV. However, TAF is not currently recommended during pregnancy due to limited pharmacokinetic and safety data. TAF, a newer nucleotide phosphonamidate prodrug of tenofovir (TFV), achieves high levels of tenofovir-diphosphate in lymphoid cells and hepatocytes, and 90% lower systemic concentrations of TFV compared to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), thereby maximizing TAF's antiviral efficacy, potency and clinical safety.

Incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among HIV-positive children at Adama Referral Hospital and Medical College, Oromia, Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study.

Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is common in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but its effect on the survival of HIV-infected children is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the incidence and predictors of active TB among HIV-positive children at Adama Referral Hospital and Medical College, Oromia, Ethiopia.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted over 5 years using a checklist to gather data from 428 randomly selected pediatric patient charts.

Is inadequate play area in schools associated with overweight among students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia? A comparative cross-sectional study.

Objectives: The prevalence of childhood obesity has more than doubled since it was formally recognized as a global epidemic in 1997. With the increasingly dwindling space for private schools in Ethiopia, unresolved concerns exist among the public regarding the possible effect of limited play areas in schools on overweight/obesity. This study intended to determine and compare the levels of overweight/obesity among adolescents in private schools with and without adequate play area in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.