Interventions targeted at women to encourage the uptake of cervical screening.

Background: World-wide, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women. Increasing the uptake of screening, alongside increasing informed choice is of great importance in controlling this disease through prevention and early detection.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of interventions aimed at women, to increase the uptake, including informed uptake, of cervical cancer screening.

The clinical impact of high resolution computed tomography in patients with respiratory disease.

Objective: High resolution computed tomography is widely used to investigate patients with suspected diffuse lung disease. Numerous studies have assessed the diagnostic performance of this investigation, but the diagnostic and therapeutic impacts have received little attention.

Methods: The diagnostic and therapeutic impacts of high resolution computed tomography in routine clinical practice were evaluated prospectively.

Mediastinal masses masquerading as common respiratory conditions of childhood: a case series.

Introduction: Leukaemia and lymphoma may present with symptoms and signs mimicking common respiratory conditions of childhood such as asthma or croup. The UK National Institute for Clinical Excellence guidelines for referral for suspected cancer state that "the primary healthcare professional should be ready to review the initial diagnosis in patients in whom common symptoms do not resolve as expected" and "must be alert to the possibility of cancer when confronted by unusual symptom patterns" (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2005).

Results And Discussion: A child with an undiagnosed mediastinal mass presenting with signs and symptoms suggestive of asthma or croup may be given oral systemic steroids.

Assessment of pre-operative delays in the management of elective abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Introduction: Successful endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) requires detailed pre-operative imaging to allow device planning. This process may delay surgery and some aneurysms may rupture prior to intervention. The aim of this study was to quantify these delays.

Reconstructive options after temporal bone resection for squamous cell carcinoma.

Unlabelled: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the temporal bone is a rare, aggressive and highly malignant tumour that requires specialised, multidisciplinary surgery for its treatment. Reconstruction of the defect is as crucial as the tumour ablation in terms of mortality and postoperative morbidity.

Methods: The experience of the East Anglian Skull Base Surgery Service from 1982 to 2004 in managing 42 consecutive patients (22 females; age range 37-80 years) undergoing extended and lateral temporal bone resection for SCC is presented.

Peripheral arterial ischemia by a primary lung tumour invading left atrium.

Peripheral arterial embolism from a malignant tumour is an uncommon manifestation of a neoplasm. Here, we present a case of acute upper limb ischemia due to an embolus originating from primary lung malignancy invading the left atrium.

Mechanism-based MRI classification of traumatic brainstem injury and its relationship to outcome.

While computed tomography (CT) is the appropriate technique for the urgent detection of hematomas and contusions in the cerebral hemispheres, it is much less effective at documenting diffuse injury and posterior fossa lesions, and is therefore only partially predictive of outcome. More recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used, particularly to examine posterior fossa structures, but the relationship between brainstem injury and outcome is unclear and the types of brainstem injury are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to use acute MRI to examine the types of brainstem injury following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their relationship to supratentorial injury.

Treatment with infliximab: Implications in oral surgery? A case report.

Infliximab is a tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitor (neutralising antibody), which is increasingly being used as an immunosuppressant to manage inflammatory conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and Crohn's disease. Its side effects include diabetes mellitus, an increased incidence of lymphoma and greater susceptibility to infections such as pulmonary tuberculosis. In patients on infliximab, the oral cavity may act as a bacterial reservoir leading to unwanted local or systemic complications.

Impact of volume guarantee ventilation on arterial carbon dioxide tension in newborn infants: a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To compare the effects of the two modes of ventilation, synchronous intermittent positive pressure ventilation (SIPPV) and SIPPV with Volume Guarantee (VG), on arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO(2)) immediately after neonatal unit admission.

Study Design: Randomised study of ventilation mode for premature inborn infants admitted to two tertiary neonatal units. After admission, infants were randomised to receive either SIPPV or VG using a Dräger Babylog 8000 plus ventilator.