Different psychopathological courses between chronic interictal psychosis and schizophrenia.

Objective: The clinical course of interictal psychosis (IIP) has not yet been investigated. We aimed to compared the psychopathology and time-relevant indices between chronic IIP (CIIP) and schizophrenia (SC) METHODS: In this comprehensive psychopathological study, patients with chronic psychosis with and without epilepsy (127 with CIIP and 187 with SC) were compared. Psychopathology was measured using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS): total, negative symptoms (NSs), positive symptoms (PSs), and anxiety-depressive symptoms (ADSs).

Costs of psychotropics for outpatients with bipolar disorder in Japan; the MUSUBI 2016 survey.

Background: Although the costs of bipolar disorder (BD) treatments are associated with local and universal factors, data from non-Western countries remain limited. The associations between clinical features and costs of outpatient pharmacotherapy have not been well characterize. To estimate the costs of outpatient BD treatments and their associations with clinical features in a Japanese population, we investigated with special reference to the costs of medicines constituted the bulk of the total healthcare expense and were steadily increasing.

Psychoses after an antiepileptic drug administration: Frequency, timing, and duration.

Objectives: To clarify the pathophysiology of psychoses after the new administration of antiepileptic drugs (AED), we analyzed the annual incidence, timing of development, and duration of episodes.

Methods: Psychotic outcomes in the first 6-month period after an AED or non-AED administration in patients with focal epilepsy were exhaustively reviewed in eight Japanese neuropsychiatry institutions. In cases with psychotic episodes, the subtype of psychosis, timing of development, previous history of psychosis, and duration of the episode were evaluated.

Epilepsy in patients with schizophrenia: Pathophysiology and basic treatments.

Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder that may lead to epilepsy. However, there are limited findings on the issues. This narrative review aimed to provide a practical perspective on epilepsy in patients with schizophrenia using the current treatment systems for epilepsy.

Individual vulnerabilities to psychosis after antiepileptic drug administration.

Background: Psychosis often develops after the administration of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in patients with epilepsy. However, the individual vulnerability and clinical condition of such patients have been rarely scrutinised. We investigated the effect of individually consistent (trait-dependent) and inconsistent (state-dependent) characteristics.

Estimated model of psychotropic polypharmacy for bipolar disorder: Analysis using patients' and practitioners' parameters in the MUSUBI study.

Objective: This study aims to clarify the relevant factors influencing practitioners' methods of prescribing medications for bipolar disorder, in a nation-wide survey in Japan.

Methods: The clinical records of 3130 outpatients with bipolar disorder were consecutively reviewed from 176 psychiatric outpatient clinics. Fifteen parameters, that is, five patients' including five general characteristics (sex, age, education, occupation, and social adjustment), five patients' aspects of mental functioning (onset age, comorbid mental illness, rapid-cycling, psychopathologic severity, and followed-up years), and five practitioners' characteristics (sex, age, specialist experience, clinic standing years, and location), were evaluated.

[Interictal psychosis of epilepsy].

Interictal psychosis (IIP) refers to psychosis that occurs in clear consciousness in persons with epilepsy (PWE) with temporal onset not during or immediately following a seizure. The pooled prevalence estimate of psychosis in PWE is 5.6%.

Increased frequency of psychosis after second-generation antiepileptic drug administration in adults with focal epilepsy.

Objective: Many studies show psychoses after some antiepileptic drug (AED) administrations (post-AED administration psychoses [PAP]). It remains uncertain about psychogenetic potential of each AED and effects of clinical state factors on PAP. We examined the relations between AED-related factors (types, generations, dosages, and concomitant AED) and PAP.

Seizure activity and individual vulnerability on first-episode interictal psychosis in epilepsy.

Objective: Despite a theoretical consensus that interictal psychosis (IIP) is related to various epilepsy-related factors, the impact of seizure activity on development of IIP remains inconclusive. This is the first controlled study using quantitative seizure-activity measures at the onset of IIP.

Methods: One hundred and eighty-one patients with epilepsy who exhibited first-episode IIP (IIP group) and 427 patients with epilepsy without psychotic episodes (control group) were enrolled.

Dissociative experiences in epilepsy: effects of epilepsy-related factors on pathological dissociation.

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNESs) in patients with epilepsy can be categorized as dissociative disorders. The prevalence of PNESs in patients with epilepsy appears to be much higher than that of dissociative experiences in nonclinical subjects. In order to clarify as to whether epilepsy-related factors were associated with pathological dissociation, we conducted a controlled study with 225 patients with epilepsy and 334 nonclinically matched individuals.

Do antipsychotic drugs increase seizure frequency in epilepsy patients?

To investigate whether addition of antipsychotic drugs (APD) would increase seizure frequency in epilepsy patients who were already treated with anti-epileptic drugs (AED), we compared a one-year seizure control outcome in 150 epilepsy patients with APD treatment for psychiatric conditions and 309 epilepsy patients without APD treatment matched for ages at epilepsy onset and the baseline evaluation and types of epilepsy. The seizure frequency was recorded at the baseline (immediately before the start of APD) and after the 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th months. The seizure outcome at each of the four follow-up points was compared with the baseline.

Basic treatment principles for psychotic disorders in patients with epilepsy.

In patients with epilepsy, coexisting psychoses, either interictal (IIP) or postictal (PIP), are associated with serious disturbance in psychosocial function and well-being, and often require the care of a specialist. Unfortunately, evidence-based treatment systems for psychosis in patients with epilepsy have not yet been established. This article aims to propose concise and practical treatment procedures for IIP and PIP based on currently available data and international consensus statements, and primarily targeting nonpsychiatrist epileptologists who are often the first to be involved in the management of these complex patients.

Interictal psychotic episodes in epilepsy: duration and associated clinical factors.

Purpose: There have been few reports showing the distribution of the duration of interictal psychosis (IIP) episodes and their association with clinical characteristics. To clarify the nature of IIP, we studied the duration of IIP episodes and their related factors.

Methods: One hundred fifty-five patients with epilepsy exhibited 320 IIP episodes during our follow-up period (mean 16.

Analogy between psychosis antedating epilepsy and epilepsy antedating psychosis.

Purpose: Patients with recurrent epileptic seizures after the development of psychosis (Psychosis-Epilepsy) have been regarded as belonging to a different clinical entity from those with epilepsy antedating the development of psychosis (Epilepsy-Psychosis). However, clinical characteristics of patients with Psychosis-Epilepsy have not been well described, except for early German studies. We aimed to estimate the reliability of distinction between Psychosis-Epilepsy and Epilepsy-Psychosis by comparing their clinical characteristics.

Two forms of déjà vu experiences in patients with epilepsy.

Persons with epilepsy experience déjà vu phenomena with or without seizure recognition. Déjà vu experiences are also common mental phenomena in nonclinical individuals. The purpose of this study was to clarify two forms of déjà vu experiences in persons with epilepsy.

Epileptic, organic and genetic vulnerabilities for timing of the development of interictal psychosis.

Background: Age at the first psychotic episode and an interval between the onset of epilepsy and that of psychosis reflect developmental processes of interictal psychosis. However, factors relating to these indices remain unknown.

Aims: To identify clinical variables that are associated with the timing of the development of interictal psychosis.

Déjà vu experiences are rarely associated with pathological dissociation.

We investigated the relation between déjà vu and dissociative experiences in nonclinical subjects. In 227 adult volunteers, déjà vu and dissociative experiences were evaluated by means of the inventory of déjà vu experiences assessment and dissociative experiences scale (DES). Déjà vu experiences occurred in 162 (71.

Difference in age of onset of psychosis between epilepsy and schizophrenia.

To clarify the nature of psychosis development in epilepsy patients, we studied differences in age of onset of psychosis between epilepsy patients with psychosis (epilepsy-psychosis) and schizophrenia patients. Subjects were 282 patients with epilepsy-psychosis (36 postictal, 224 interictal, and 22 bimodal psychoses) and 612 schizophrenia patients. Age of onset was compared between the schizophrenia group and the whole epilepsy-psychosis group as well as its subgroups.

Déjà vu experiences in schizophrenia: relations with psychopathology and antipsychotic medication.

To clarify why patients with schizophrenia show déjà vu experiences less frequently, we studied déjà vu experiences in 113 schizophrenic patients in relation to psychopathologies and antipsychotic medication. Déjà vu experiences were observed in 53.1% of the schizophrenic patients.

Duration of postictal psychotic episodes.

Purpose: To clarify duration of postictal psychosis (PIP) episodes and identify factors that influence its duration.

Methods: Fifty-eight patients with epilepsy exhibited 151 PIP episodes during a mean follow-up period of 12.8 years.

Déjà vu experiences in patients with schizophrenia.

To investigate whether déjà vu experiences are psychopathologic phenomena, we studied the frequency and characteristics of déjà vu experiences in patients with schizophrenia. One hundred thirteen patients with schizophrenia and 386 nonclinical control subjects were evaluated with the Inventory of Déjà vu Experiences Assessment. The frequency and features of déjà vu experiences were compared between the 2 groups.

Intellectual prognosis of status epilepticus in adult epilepsy patients: analysis with Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-revised.

Purpose: Status epilepticus (SE) appears to cause cognitive dysfunction as well as other serious neurologic sequelae. To confirm whether SE produces a subsequent intellectual decline, we evaluated intellectual function prospectively in adult epilepsy patients with and without SE.

Methods: Of 1,685 patients with epilepsy who underwent comprehensive neuropsychological testing in two national hospitals in Japan, 15 patients experienced an episode of SE afterward and underwent the second neuropsychological examination after the SE episode.

Recurrent postictal psychosis after remission of interictal psychosis: further evidence of bimodal psychosis.

Purpose: To ascertain whether bimodal psychosis (i.e., independent postictal and interictal psychosis) in patients with epilepsy can be characterized by postictal psychosis that develops after interictal psychosis remits.

Demographic and psychological features of déjà vu experiences in a nonclinical Japanese population.

The authors investigated the frequency and correlates of déjà vu experiences in 386 healthy adult volunteers recruited from several areas in Japan. Déjà vu experiences and related experiences were evaluated using the Inventory of Déjà vu Experiences Assessment. Déjà vu experiences were observed by 294 (76.