Rhino-Orbital Mucormycosis Presenting As Orbital Apex Syndrome With Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Rare Phenomenon.

Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is an opportunistic infection that has increased due to COVID-19 with the use of corticosteroids and diabetes being the most important predisposing factors. Orbital apex syndrome with central retinal artery occlusion secondary to mucormycosis is relatively rare. This case report highlights a case of a 62-year-old female with poorly controlled diabetes and a history of COVID-19 two weeks prior, who presented with acute right eye painful visual loss for three days associated with bulging of the right eye and drooping of the eyelid.

Asymmetric, Bilateral Nontraumatic Subperiosteal Orbital Hematomas in an Anticoagulated Patient Following Anesthesia in Prone Positioning.

The authors report a case of nontraumatic orbital subperiosteal hematoma after general anesthesia with patient in the prone position. The patient, who was on aspirin, clopidogrel, and subcutaneous heparin, presented immediately after sacral ulcer debridement with acute bilateral vision loss and periorbital edema. While the OD improved with conservative management, the OS continued to have 20/200 vision, decreased color vision, afferent pupillary defect, and extraocular movement limitation after lateral canthotomy and cantholysis.

A Case Report on Acute Visual Loss With Ophthalmoplegia Following Spine Surgery.

Postoperative vision loss is an unusual but serious side effect that can occur after nonocular surgeries, particularly those involving the heart or spine. Various causes, including ischemic optic neuropathy, central retinal artery occlusion, central retinal vein occlusion, and ischemic orbital compartment syndrome, can cause this condition. Here, we present a case of a 28-year-old male patient who underwent spine surgery for cervicodorsal spine injury and experienced sudden, painless vision loss in his left eye following the surgery.

A Rare Case of Adult-Onset Bilateral Nonspecific Orbital Inflammation (NSOI) With Concomitant Unilateral Third Cranial Nerve Palsy.

Nonspecific orbital inflammation (NSOI), also known as orbital pseudotumor, is a condition characterized by inflammation in the tissues around the eye socket (orbit) without a clearly identifiable cause. This inflammatory disorder can affect various structures within the orbit, including muscles, fat, and connective tissues, leading to symptoms such as pain, swelling, and changes in vision. A 74-year-old man with a history of previous orbital trauma presented with acute-onset head and orbital pain, followed by restricted left eye movements in all directions, left ptosis, and a dilated left pupil.

Fifteen acute retrobulbar optic neuritis associated with COVID-19: A case report and review of literature.

Background: A subtype of the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is suggested to be responsible for the outbreak in Northern China since the quarantine was lifted in December 2022. The coronavirus disease 2019 virus is primarily responsible for the development of respiratory illnesses, however, it can present a plethora of symptoms affecting a myriad of body organs. This virus has been theorized to be linked to demyelinating lesions of the peripheral and central nervous system including transverse myelitis and acute retrobulbar optic neuritis (ARON).

Traumatic optic neuropathy management: a systematic review.

Background: Traumatic optic neuropathy is classically described in up to 8% of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), but subclinical or undiagnosed optic nerve damage is much more common. When more sensitive testing is performed, at least half of patients with moderate to severe TBI demonstrate visual field defects or optic atrophy on examination with optical coherence tomography. Acute optic nerve compression and ischaemia in orbital compartment syndrome require urgent surgical and medical intervention to lower the intraocular pressure and diminish the risk of permanent optic nerve dysfunction.

An Evidence-Based Approach to Diagnosing Patients Presenting With Orbital Inflammatory Syndromes (An American Ophthalmological Society Thesis).

Purpose: The initial management of patients presenting with orbital inflammatory syndromes varies-with some pursuing a diagnostic workup while others treat without any testing. The evidence behind this rationale is limited. A review of patients with orbital inflammation is performed with an analysis of diagnostic testing to develop a workflow for such patients.

A Case of Horner's Syndrome Aiding the Diagnosis of Internal Carotid Artery Dissection (ICAD): A Life-Saving Twist of Fate.

A 59-year-old male patient came to the outpatient department with complaints of left-sided hemicranial headache with drooping of the left upper eyelid (UL) for three days associated with difficulty in swallowing and deviation of the tongue. The patient had a history of vigorous coughing for the past 15 days for which he did not take any medications. He was thoroughly evaluated in the outpatient department and diagnosed with Horner's syndrome.

Orbital infarction syndrome following mechanical thrombectomy in internal carotid artery occlusion: a case report.

Background: Orbital ischemic syndrome is a rare entity. The clinical signs typically demonstrate acute loss of visual acuity, chemosis, proptosis, ptosis, and total ophthalmoparesis. We report a case of a man who suffered an acute internal carotid artery occlusion and developed orbital ischemic syndrome after a mechanical thrombectomy.

Ultrasonographic study of the orbit as an early diagnostic tool in Vogt Koyanagi Harada disease (VKH): A case report.

In recent years, ultrasound has demonstrated its usefulness in the approach to vascular structures and other tissues such as the orbit, facilitating the early diagnosis of various diseases without having to rely on other more invasive or less available tests. In Vogt Koyanagi Harada syndrome, characterised by bilateral acute uveitis, ocular ultrasound is a clear example of the usefulness of ultrasonography in early diagnosis, facilitating the initiation of specific treatment to change the ominous natural history of this disease. This case shows the usefulness of the echography to make the differential diagnosis with other diseases that clinical onset could be similar than VKH, but with a different diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

Emergency Department Volume and Delayed Diagnosis of Serious Pediatric Conditions.

Importance: Diagnostic delays are common in the emergency department (ED) and may predispose to worse outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate the association of annual pediatric volume in the ED with delayed diagnosis.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study included all children younger than 18 years treated at 954 EDs in 8 states with a first-time diagnosis of any of 23 acute, serious conditions: bacterial meningitis, compartment syndrome, complicated pneumonia, craniospinal abscess, deep neck infection, ectopic pregnancy, encephalitis, intussusception, Kawasaki disease, mastoiditis, myocarditis, necrotizing fasciitis, nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage, orbital cellulitis, osteomyelitis, ovarian torsion, pulmonary embolism, pyloric stenosis, septic arthritis, sinus venous thrombosis, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, stroke, or testicular torsion.

Non-arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Sequela From Potential COVID-19-Associated Coagulopathy.

We report a case involving a post-menopausal female who experienced a sudden loss of peripheral vision in her right eye seven months after a confirmed COVID-19 infection. MRI scans of the brain and orbit excluded neuritis and multiple sclerosis, leading to the diagnosis of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). It is known that the intense inflammatory condition resulting from acute respiratory distress syndrome triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infections can result in a heightened tendency for blood clot formation.

Periorbital Emphysema Due to Traumatic Pneumothorax.

Periorbital emphysema is rare and associated with facial trauma. Its main distinguishing feature is crepitation on palpation of the edema. It resolves spontaneously in a few days, but there are cases of orbital compartment syndrome that can lead to loss of vision.

Paraneoplastic orbital myositis as a first manifestation of renal cell carcinoma.

Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNSs) are remote effects of the primary tumor on tissues and organs, not related to direct invasion or metastasis. Ophthalmological involvement has been reported in 0.01-0.