A case documenting distinct natural history of multizonal outer retinopathy and retinal pigment epitheliopathy (MORR) with longitudinal multi-modal documentation of progression.

Purpose: To describe the clinical and imaging characteristics of the acute progressive phase of a recently proposed clinical entity, Multizonal Outer Retinopathy and Retinal Pigment Epitheliopathy (MORR), a variant of Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy (AZOOR).

Methods: Single observational case report.

Results: We present the case of a 49-year-old myopic female with progressive outer retinopathy most consistent with a diagnosis of MORR.

Atypical Acute Ischemic Choriocapillaritis: A Case Report.

Optical coherence tomography angiography is a valuable tool for evaluating acute ischemic choriocapillaritis. Tuberculosis and syphilis are the main secondary differentials..

An update of multimodal imaging in white dot syndrome.

The white dot syndromes are a group of phenotypically similar disorders characterized by multiple lesions at the level of the outer retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid. Common white dot syndromes whose imaging modalities have been described in this article are multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy, acute zonal occult outer retinopathy, multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis, punctate inner choroidopathy, serpiginous choroiditis, and birdshot chorioretinopathy. The various imaging modalities help us to better understand the pathophysiology of the various entities and help in diagnosing, monitoring, and prognosticating them.

Multimodal imaging findings of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome in COVID-19 patients.

Purpose: To describe the multimodal imaging findings of a rare case of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) associated with COVID-19.

Methods: A case report was analyzed and described alongside COVID-19 associated MEWDS cases identified in the current literature.

Results: A healthy 20-year-old man was evaluated after a three-day history of blurry vision occurring two months after COVID-19 infection.

The Impact of HLA-A29 Homozygosity and of the Second HLA-A Allele on Susceptibility and Severity of Birdshot Chorioretinitis.

Purpose: HLA-A29 is the main susceptibility factor for birdshot chorioretinitis (BSCR). Our study assessed the impact of the second HLA-A allele alongside HLA-A29 on BSCR severity and susceptibility, focusing on HLA-A29 homozygous patients and those with alleles from the HLA-Aw19 group.

Methods: We included 120 additional cases to our previous analysis of 286 patients with BSCR, all HLA-A29 positive.

Presumed Choroidopathy of IgG4-Related Disease Discovered During 16-Year Follow-Up of a Patient With Polycystic Kidney Disease.

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease is characterized by infiltration with IgG4-producing plasma cells in different organs and the elevation of serum IgG4. We present a patient with polycystic kidney disease in long-term follow-up who developed bilateral lacrimal gland enlargement and presumed IgG4-related choroidopathy at different time points. A 45-year-old woman developed bilateral upper eyelid swelling.

CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA IN BIRDSHOT RETINOCHOROÏDITIS: Long-Term Treatment Study in 142 Patients.

Purpose: To assess the long-term efficacy and safety of treatments for cystoid macular edema in birdshot retinochoroïditis.

Methods: Observational retrospective study of 142 HLA-A29-positive patients with cystoid macular edema; the main outcome was the optical coherence tomography intraretinal cysts resolution.

Results: During the mean follow-up of 75 months (12-178), 61.

Clinical-Laboratory Outcome of . Multifocal Choroiditis in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Patients.

Purpose: This study aims to describe the clinical and laboratory outcomes of patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) presenting multifocal choroiditis secondary to . infection.

Methods: We reviewed the clinical records of AIDS patients diagnosed with cryptococcal multifocal choroiditis at the Laboratory of Infectious Disease in Ophthalmology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, from January 2022 to March 2024.

Cerebral vasculitis presenting as acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy in a 16-year-old male.

Purpose: To report on a case of the successful treatment of Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE) in a pediatric patient with a prior diagnosis of cerebral vasculitis.

Observations: A 16-year-old male with a prior diagnosis of cerebral vasculitis presented without ocular complaints. Visual acuity was 20/20, and color vision remained normal.

Monocular Tuberculosis-Related Serpiginous-Like Choroiditis with Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy-Like Presentation in a Danish Patient.

Purpose: To report a case of tuberculosis-related serpiginous-like choroiditis (TB-SLC) in Denmark in a patient with few risk factors.

Methods: Single case report.

Results: A 54-year-old Caucasian male with no relevant travel history presented with unilateral light placoid confluent elements in the macula of the right eye with a best-corrected visual acuity of 0.

PROGRESSION OF PERIPAPILLARY AND MACULAR CHORIORETINAL ATROPHY IN MULTIFOCAL CHOROIDITIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH PERIATROPHIC INFLAMMATORY PLUMES.

Purpose: To investigate peripapillary atrophy and macular chorioretinal scars in eyes affected by multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study reviewed the medical records, fundus photographs, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic scans of 31 eyes from 19 patients.

Results: Patients had a mean age of 45 years (range 24-69 years).

Chorioretinopathy presenting as bitemporal hemianopia.

Introduction: Bitemporal hemianopia is usually caused by chiasmal pathology. Rarely, chorioretinal lesions may develop symmetrically in both eyes and mimic chiasmopathy.

Methods: This case series included three patients who presented to a tertiary neuro-ophthalmology centre with bitemporal hemianopic defects between 2021 and 2023 and were subsequently diagnosed with bilateral chorioretinopathy.

Single-cell profiling identifies a CD8 CD244 Natural Killer cell subset that reflects disease activity in HLA-A29-positive birdshot chorioretinopathy.

Birdshot chorioretinopathy is an inflammatory eye condition strongly associated with MHC-I allele HLA-A29. The striking association with MHC-I suggests involvement of T cells, whereas natural killer (NK) cell involvement remains largely unstudied. Here we show that HLA-A29-positive birdshot chorioretinopathy patients have a skewed NK cell pool containing expanded CD16 positive NK cells which produce more proinflammatory cytokines.

[Bilateral acute regional occult outer retinopathy: a case report].

A 63-year-old female patient presented with "flashes of light in both eyes accompanied by decreased visual acuity for one year." Visual field examination revealed partial defects in the central 30° of the visual field in both eyes. Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy showed extensive atrophic lesions across the entire posterior pole of the retina in both eyes.

EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES OF DISTINGUISHING PUNCTATE INNER CHOROIDOPATHY FROM MULTIFOCAL CHOROIDITIS AND PANUVEITIS.

Purpose: This retrospective case series aimed to assess the concordance between clinical diagnoses of punctate inner choroidopathy and multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis (MCP) using the 2021 Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature Working Group criteria.

Methods: Using the medical records of the patients, the authors reevaluated 100 eyes of 75 patients with idiopathic multifocal chorioretinal inflammatory lesions based on Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature criteria and compared the result with the clinical diagnosis.

Results: Of 100 eyes, 29 eyes (29%) were diagnosed as punctate inner choroidopathy and 15 eyes (15%) were diagnosed as MCP using Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature criteria, and 56 (56%) eyes could not be diagnosed as either.

ACUTE POSTERIOR MULTIFOCAL PLACOID PIGMENT EPITHELIOPATHY AND PLACOID VARIANT DISEASES MASQUERADING AS AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IN THE ELDERLY: A Case Series.

Purpose: To report eight cases of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) or persistent placoid maculopathy (PPM) initially masquerading as age-related macular degeneration in elderly individuals.

Methods: APMPPE or PPM eyes in patients above age 55 years with macular retinal pigment epithelium disruption including drusenoid lesions on macular examination and/or with multimodal imaging were included. At least one method of multimodal imaging including fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography (OCTA) was performed in all eyes for diagnosis and to monitor for macular neovascularization.

OCTA: Essential or Gimmick?

This commentary article delves into the transformative role of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in diagnosing and managing a wide array of eye conditions, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusions, and white dot syndromes. Developed in 2005, OCTA has emerged as a non-invasive, high-resolution imaging technique that offers advantages over traditional fluorescein angiography (FA), providing quicker and safer monitoring of ocular conditions with similar diagnostic accuracy. In diabetic retinopathy, OCTA has been instrumental in early identification of retinal changes, offering quantifiable metrics including perfused capillary density (PCD) for assessing vascular alterations.

Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: a case report.

Background: To report a case of Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome (MEWDS) one month after a COVID-19 infection in a female patient at an age unusual for the occurrence of this disease.

Case Presentation: A 69-year-old Caucasian female reported the presence of floaters, photopsia, and enlarging vision loss in her left eye following the COVID-19 infection. Clinical and multimodal imaging was consistent with the MEWDS diagnosis.