Pattern, causes and functional outcome of peripheral neuropathies in the Amazon region.

Background: Peripheral neuropathies have a wide variety of causes and pathophysiologies. Assuming that there are local particularities in the Amazon region, the aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of patients by determining the factors associated with functional severity.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study at Cayenne Hospital between January 2015 and May 2023.

Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy. Patients typically develop rapidly progressive weakness and sensory deficits that can result in complete paralysis requiring mechanical ventilation. GBS is usually a monophasic disease in which an aberrant immune response to an infection or other trigger damages the peripheral nerves.

Management of severe pediatric Guillain-Barré syndrome in a low-income country: efficacy and safety of therapeutic plasma exchange in pediatric patients: a retrospective study.

Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the peripheral nervous system leading to motor, sensory, and sometimes autonomic manifestations. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), which involves the selective removal of pathological molecules, such as auto-antibodies, from plasma, has proven to be safe and effective in adults with GBS. However, its application in pediatric patients lacks sufficient evidence.

[A case of anti-ganglioside antibody-positive Guillain-Barré syndrome with asymmetrical muscle weakness throughout the course of the disease].

A 56-year-old woman who presented with left drop foot and low back pain a week after the onset of diarrhea. Neurological symptoms progressed for a week and gradually improved thereafter. No weakness was observed in upper limbs and clearly asymmetrical muscle weakness was observed in left lower limbs during the course of the disease.

Scrutinizing the COVID-19 vaccine safety debate.

The controversy surrounding the safety of coronavirus disease-19 vaccinations is part of a larger historical backdrop of ongoing discussions regarding vaccine safety that have spanned several decades. The historical disputes around measles, mumps, rubella, and influenza highlight the recurring pattern in which public doubt is fueled by false information and personal stories. A 2024 multinational study in the journal presented preexisting safety indicators for myocarditis, pericarditis, Guillain - Barré syndrome, and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.

SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and post-vaccination severity: a systematic review.

Currently, COVID-19 is still striking after 4 years of prevalence, with millions of cases and thousands of fatalities being recorded every month. The virus can impact other major organ systems, including the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), cardiovascular, central nervous system, renal, and hepatobiliary systems. The resulting organ dysfunction from SARS-CoV-2 may be attributed to one or a combination of mechanisms, such as direct viral toxicity, disruptions in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), thrombosis, immune dysregulation, and ischemic injury due to vasculitis.

Pain determinants and quality of life in Guillain-Barre syndrome: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Pain is a serious manifestation in both the acute and chronic stages of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). We evaluated the frequency, characteristics and associated factors of pain and its impact on quality of life (QoL) among patients with GBS.

Methods: We enrolled 644 patients with GBS from prospective cohort studies in Bangladesh conducted between 2010 and 2024.

[Experiences and Challenges of the Ecuadorean National Advisory Commission on Serious Events Supposedly Attributable to Vaccination or Immunization, 2020-2023Experiências e desafios da Comissão Consultiva Nacional sobre Eventos Supostamente Atribuíveis à Vacinação ou Imunização graves do Equador, 2020-2023].

Objective: To describe the experiences of the National Advisory Commission on Serious Events Supposedly Attributable to Vaccination or Immunization (ESAVI) implemented in Ecuador for the period 2020-2023.

Methods: A report analyzing the implementation, operations, and results of the National Advisory Commission on Serious ESAVI in Ecuador was prepared. A quantitative analysis of vaccination records was carried out, as well as a qualitative analysis based on expert interviews, reflecting the direct experiences and operational challenges faced by the members of the Commission.

[COVID-19 vaccine safety: results of active surveillance at a sentinel site in ArgentinaSegurança das vacinas contra COVID-19: resultados da vigilância ativa em uma unidade sentinela da Argentina].

Objective: To analyze the results of surveillance of adverse events of special interest (AESI) within the context of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign at a sentinel site in Argentina. The retrospective (pre-vaccination) period was compared with the prospective (vaccination) period to identify safety signals.

Methods: Retrospective and prospective search for AESI based on ICD-10 hospital discharge codes.

Robot-Assisted Therapy in Guillain-Barrè Syndrome: Systematic Review of Primary Evidence and Study Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy that represents a leading cause of motor impairment. Robot-assisted therapy (RAT) has been widely applied in various neurological conditions. However, the use of RAT in GBS remains underexplored.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome Following Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Tale of Two Cases.

Obesity management through laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy can occasionally lead to rare but severe complications, including Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). This report analyzes two cases of GBS following LSG, highlighting differences in symptoms, diagnosis, and management. The first patient experienced rapid onset neurological symptoms post-surgery, confirmed as GBS through clinical and electrophysiological assessments, and responded well to intravenous immunoglobulin.

Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS): Clinical Report.

The sudden onset of severe behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms in children is a frightening and potentially life-changing situation. The pediatric health care providers and clinicians to whom families turn need guidance on how to accurately diagnose and treat new-onset neuropsychiatric symptoms in children. They need expert guidance about whether these symptoms indicate a diagnosis compatible with pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS).

Neurologic adverse events associated with BRAF and MEK inhibitor therapy in patients with malignant melanoma: a disproportionality analysis using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System.

BRAF and MEK inhibitor (BRAFi + MEKi) therapy has improved the treatment of solid tumors with BRAF mutation. However, their neurologic adverse events (nAEs) have been largely unexplored. This study aimed to provide clinicians with more updated knowledge on nAEs associated with BRAFi + MEKi therapy in patients with malignant melanoma compared with nonmelanoma cancers.

Neurotoxicity and Rare Adverse Events in BCMA-Directed CAR T Cell Therapy: A Comprehensive Analysis of Real-World FAERS Data.

Background: Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapies have emerged as a valuable treatment modality for patients with plasma cell disorders. As the population of patients receiving CAR T therapies grows, identification and management of associated rare toxicities have become increasingly crucial.

Objective: To identify safety signals associated with commercial anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) CAR T therapies using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

The Discovery of Autoimmune Nodopathies and the Impact of IgG4 Antibodies in Autoimmune Neurology.

In the past decade, significant progress has been made on the understanding of IgG4-mediated autoimmune diseases, of both the central and the peripheral CNS. In addition to the description of diverse antigenic targets, the description of IgG subclasses associated with specific pathogenic autoantibodies has provided useful insights into the pathophysiology and, more importantly, into the therapeutic implications of the autoantibody subclasses. This understanding has affected how myasthenia gravis, autoimmune encephalitis, and autoimmune neuropathies are treated.

Clinical utility of two-step hepatitis E virus IgM antibody testing in a low-prevalence setting: A 10-year retrospective multicenter study.

Background: Diagnostic uncertainty caused by the low positive predictive value of HEV-specific IgM antibody (Ab) testing in a low-prevalence setting. We investigated the utility of a two-step HEV IgM Ab testing approach for diagnosing HEV infection.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all adults who underwent HEV IgM Ab and/or HEV RNA testing from July 2013 through June 2023 at Mayo Clinic.

Pathophysiology of oral lesions subsequent to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: A systematic review.

Amidst worldwide reports of adverse oral lesions subsequent to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination, the current systematic review planned to determine the prevalence of adverse oral events in adult individuals (≥18 years) after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, emphasizing upon the type and dose of vaccine, time of onset, and underlying pathophysiology. The registered protocol (PROSPERO CRD42023421307), conforming with PRISMA guidelines, included an all-inclusive literature search through online databases, consisting of Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Lilacs, Livivo, and PROSPERO, completed on 2 May 2023, followed by assessment of risk of bias by Joana Briggs Institute Evaluation Checklist. Due to the paucity of literature, case reports and case series were included.

Nuvaxovid NVX-CoV2373 vaccine safety profile: real-world data evidence after 100,000 doses, Australia, 2022 to 2023.

IntroductionNuvaxovid became available in Australia from February 2022, a year after the first COVID-19 vaccines. This protein-based vaccine was an alternative for people who had had an adverse event to and/or were hesitant to receive an mRNA or adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccine. Although safety from clinical trials was reassuring, small trial populations, low administration rates and limited post-licensure intelligence meant potential rare adverse events were underinformed.

Post-licensure Safety Surveillance of 20-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV20) Among US Adults in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS).

Background: On June 8, 2021, a new 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20, PREVNAR 20, Pfizer, Inc.) was licensed for use in adults aged ≥ 18 years by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Objective: To describe reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) after administration of the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in adults.

Case report: Guillain-Barré syndrome following acute ischemic brainstem stroke.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a heterogeneous disease, and it usually develops after an antecedent infection, while rare cases develop following a central nervous system disease. Given the indeterminacy of prodromal infection symptoms and the overlap of symptoms with other neurological disorders, a rigorous clinical and neurological examination in conjunction with history is necessary for early diagnosis and treatment of GBS. Here we present a rare case of GBS following acute ischemic stroke which was different from previous reports such as GBS following hemorrhagic stroke or head trauma.

Validation of the Korean version of inflammatory Rasch-built Overall Disability Scale in patients with inflammatory neuropathy.

Background And Aims: The Inflammatory Rasch-built Overall Disability Scale (I-RODS) is an effective activity measure for use in inflammatory peripheral neuropathy. The aim of this study was to validate the Korean version of the I-RODS in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) neuropathy, and autoimmune nodopathy.

Methods: A total of 120 patients underwent clinical evaluations, which included the I-RODS, Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) assessment, and Jamar grip strength (kg) measurement.

Resolution of acute motor axonal neuropathy in a patient after treatment with efgartigimod: A case report.

Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute autoimmune neuropathy characterized by progressive muscle weakness, often caused by immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies. There are several subtypes of GBS, of which acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) is one of the most severe subtypes associated with axonal damage. It is well known that the current clinical standard of treatment is intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and plasma exchange (PLEX), but some patients often show limited response or experience persistent disability.