Tongxinluo capsules for secondary prevention after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Tongxinluo (TXL), a Chinese patent medicine, is commonly used for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events.

Aim Of The Study: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of TXL for secondary prevention after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Materials And Methods: A search for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted across seven electronic databases from inception to May 10, 2024.

Ginkgo Diterpene Lactone Meglumine for Functional Recovery in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The clinical efficacy of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine (GDLM), a Chinese patent medicine, in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has garnered attention. However, the impact of GDLM on functional recovery in AIS patients has not been systematically reviewed or meta-analyzed.

Aim Of The Study: To evaluate the functional outcomes of GDLM in AIS patients.

Bioactive hydrogel formulations for regeneration of pathological bone defects.

Bone defects caused by osteoporosis, infection, diabetes, post-tumor resection, and nonunion often cause severe pain and markedly increase morbidity and mortality, which remains a significant challenge for orthopedic surgeons. The precise local treatments to these pathological complications is essential to avoid poor or failed bone repair. Hydrogel formulations serve as injectable innovative platforms that overcome microenvironmental obstacles and as delivery systems for controlled release of various bioactive substances to bone defects in a targeted manner.

Adult bi-paternal offspring generated through direct modification of imprinted genes in mammals.

Imprinting abnormalities pose a significant challenge in applications involving embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and animal cloning, with no universal correction method owing to their complexity and stochastic nature. In this study, we targeted these defects at their source-embryos from same-sex parents-aiming to establish a stable, maintainable imprinting pattern de novo in mammalian cells. Using bi-paternal mouse embryos, which exhibit severe imprinting defects and are typically non-viable, we introduced frameshift mutations, gene deletions, and regulatory edits at 20 key imprinted loci, ultimately achieving the development of fully adult animals, albeit with a relatively low survival rate.

Assessing the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 on 64 notifiable infectious diseases in Australia: A Bayesian Structural Time Series model.

Background: Several studies have examined the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in Australia and globally. However, to our knowledge none have sufficiently explored their impact on other infectious diseases with robust time series model. In this study, we aimed to use Bayesian Structural Time Series model (BSTS) to systematically assess the impact of NPIs on 64 National Notifiable Infectious Diseases (NNIDs) by conducting a comprehensive and comparative analysis across eight disease categories within each Australian state and territory, as well as nationally.

Research note: Detection of IGF2BP2 gene polymorphism associated with growth and reproduction traits of pigeon.

The Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) gene is closely associated with the diseases, fat deposition, and growth and reproduction traits in animals. Investigations into the relationship between the IGF2BP2 gene polymorphism and growth and reproduction traits provide valuable breeding information for enhancing productivity and economic gains in pigeon. In this study, the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 13 exons and the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the IGF2BP2 gene in 292 female pigeons Tianxiang 1 strain were detected through Sanger sequencing, and their association with pigeons' growth and reproduction traits were explored.

Antheraea pernyi silk nanofibrils with inherent RGD motifs accelerate diabetic wound healing: A novel drug-free strategy to promote hemostasis, regulate immunity and improve re-epithelization.

The chronic inflammation and matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-induced tissue degradation significantly disrupt re-epithelization and delay the healing process of diabetic wounds. To address these issues, we produced nanofibrils from Antheraea pernyi (Ap) silk fibers via a facile and green treatment of swelling and shearing. The integrin receptors on the cytomembrane could specifically bind to the Ap nanofibrils (ApNFs) due to their inherent Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motifs, which activated platelets to accelerate coagulation and promoted fibroblast migration, adhesion and spreading.

A mitochondria-targeted nanozyme with enhanced antioxidant activity to prevent acute liver injury by remodeling mitochondria respiratory chain.

Developing nanomedicines with enhanced activity to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) has emerged as a promising strategy for addressing ROS-associated diseases, such as drug-induced liver injury. However, designing nanozymes that not only remove ROS but also accelerate the repair of damaged liver cells remains challenging. Here, a two-pronged black phosphorus/Ceria nanozyme with mitochondria-targeting ability (TBP@CeO) is designed.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of new dual APN/NEP inhibitors as potent analgesics.

An alternative approach for the management of acute and chronic pains involves prolonging the half-life of endogenous opiates, such as enkephalins that are released in response to nociceptive stimuli. This can be achieved through the inhibition of enzymatic pathways responsible for the hydrolysis of these peptides, particularly targeting Aminopeptidase N (APN) and Neutral Endopeptidase (NEP). In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of dual enkephalinase inhibitors (DENKIs) targeting both APN and NEP as novel analgesic treatments.

Ligand guided in vivo crosslinking and affinity purification mass spectrometry for identifying membrane receptors of Tau.

Misfolded neurotoxic proteins, such as Tau protein, spread within the brain in many neurodegenerative diseases. Receptors play an important role in the recognition of spreading proteins for endocytosis. Blocking the receptors is essential to inhibit neurotoxic proteins spreading in the brain.

Targeting membrane integrity and imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase: Sanguinarine multifaceted approach against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen capable of readily forming biofilms, which can result in life-threatening infections involving different organs. Sanguinarine are benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids extracted from the Sanguinaria canadensis L. (Papaveraceae), which have a wide range of biological activities.

Baicalein-loaded porous silk fibroin microspheres modulate the senescence of nucleus pulposus cells through the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), an age-associated degenerative condition, significantly contributes to low back pain, thereby adversely affecting individual health and quality of life, while also imposing a substantial societal burden. Baicalein, a natural flavonoid derived from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, demonstrates a range of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antibacterial properties. This positions it as a promising candidate for the treatment of IVDD through intradiscal drug delivery.

Plasma phosphorylated tau217 strongly associates with memory deficits in the Alzheimer's disease spectrum.

Plasma phosphorylated tau biomarkers open unprecedented opportunities for identifying carriers of Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology in early disease stages using minimally invasive techniques. Plasma p-tau biomarkers are believed to reflect tau phosphorylation and secretion. However, it remains unclear to what extent the magnitude of plasma p-tau abnormalities reflects neuronal network disturbance in the form of cognitive impairment.

Evaluating the Evolution of ChatGPT as an Information Resource in Shoulder and Elbow Surgery.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance and evolution of Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT; OpenAI) as a resource for shoulder and elbow surgery information by assessing its accuracy on the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons shoulder-elbow self-assessment questions. We hypothesized that both ChatGPT models would demonstrate proficiency and that there would be significant improvement with progressive iterations.

Materials And Methods: A total of 200 questions were selected from the 2019 and 2021 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons shoulder-elbow self-assessment questions.

Effectiveness of Different Intervention Modes in Lifestyle Intervention for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes and the Reversion to Normoglycemia in Adults With Prediabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Lifestyle interventions have been acknowledged as effective strategies for preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the accessibility of conventional face-to-face interventions is often limited. Digital health intervention has been suggested as a potential solution to overcome the limitation.

Short-term starvation boosts anti-PD-L1 therapy by reshaping tumor-associated macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background And Aims: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized systemic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. Nevertheless, numerous patients are refractory to ICIs therapy. It is currently unknown whether diet therapies such as short-term starvation (STS) combined with ICIs can be used to treat HCC.

First-Line Mobocertinib Versus Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Patients With Exon 20 Insertion-Positive Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Phase III EXCLAIM-2 Trial.

Purpose: Mobocertinib is an oral epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This open-label, phase III trial (EXCLAIM-2: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04129502) compared mobocertinib versus platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment of ex20ins+ advanced/metastatic NSCLC.

Chromosome length genome assembly of the stone marten (Martes foina, Mustelidae): a new view on one of the cornerstones in carnivore cytogenetics.

The stone marten (Martes foina) is an important species for cytogenetic studies in the order Carnivora. ZooFISH probes created from its chromosomes provided a strong and clean signal in chromosome painting experiments and were valuable for studying the evolution of carnivoran genome architecture. The research revealed that the stone marten chromosome set is similar to the presumed ancestral karyotype of the Carnivora, which added an additional value for the species.

Effect of iron fortification and prebiotics on iron biomarkers in anemic rats.

One of the biggest public health problems globally is that of iron deficiency anemia. The present research aimed to determine the effect of prebiotics along with iron fortification on iron biomarkers in female anemic rats as some evidence suggests that prebiotics convert increase the solubility of iron, thereby enhancing its absorption. A total of 126 Sprague Dawley rats were fed with sixteen different types of fortified feed containing prebiotics (Inulin + Galacto Oligosaccharides) and Iron Fortificants (Sodium Ferric Ethylenediaminetetraacetate + Ferrous Sulphate).

Inferring the genetic relationships between unsupervised deep learning-derived imaging phenotypes and glioblastoma through multi-omics approaches.

This study aimed to investigate the genetic association between glioblastoma (GBM) and unsupervised deep learning-derived imaging phenotypes (UDIPs). We employed a combination of genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), and scPagwas (pathway-based polygenic regression framework) methods to explore the genetic links between UDIPs and GBM. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted to identify causal relationships between UDIPs and GBM.

Program Director Perspectives on DEI Initiatives in the Dermatology Residency Selection Process.

The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) has maintained a commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives; however, a recent strike down of affirmative action by the US Supreme Court has caused similar efforts to be called into question. This prompted our investigation into dermatology program director (PD) perceptions of DEI programming and its integration into resident selection. A cross-sectional survey of PDs at US dermatology residency programs was conducted from April 2024 to July 2024 (N=30).

The landscape of family medicine in India - A cross-sectional survey study.

Family medicine was recognized as a distinct specialty in India in the early 1980s, but it is at an early stage of implementation. There are few training programs, and little is known about family physicians' training, perceptions, and current practices. This paper describes the findings from the first national survey of family medicine in India.

Sphingolipid metabolism orchestrates establishment of the hair follicle stem cell compartment.

Sphingolipids serve as building blocks of membranes to ensure subcellular compartmentalization and facilitate intercellular communication. How cell type-specific lipid compositions are achieved and what is their functional significance in tissue morphogenesis and maintenance has remained unclear. Here, we identify a stem cell-specific role for ceramide synthase 4 (CerS4) in orchestrating fate decisions in skin epidermis.

Nurses and allied professionals' engagement in clinical research-in-practice: a statement of the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing & Allied Professions of the European Society of Cardiology.

Many nurses and allied professionals (NAPs) lack the skills, knowledge and confidence to engage in conducting and implementing research. This statement describes the importance of NAPs' involvement in clinical research within the context of cardiovascular care. The existing gaps, barriers and enablers to NAPs involvement in research as a potential response to workforce issues in these professions as well as to contribute to excellence in patient care delivery and associated outcomes are identified.

Assessing the role of education level on climate change belief, concern and action: a multinational survey of healthcare professionals in nephrology.

Background: Climate change poses a significant risk to kidney health, and countries with lower national wealth are more vulnerable. Yet, citizens from lower-income countries demonstrate less concern for climate change than those from higher-income countries. Education is a key covariate.