Distinct evolution patterns of influenza viruses and implications for vaccine development.

In conclusion, the distinct evolution patterns of panzootic influenza A(H5Nx) compared to A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) complicate vaccine development. Effective strategies must consider these unique patterns and the impact of pre-existing immunity. Leveraging AI-based methods for optimized antigen design is essential to mitigate the potential impact of emerging antigenically variable strains and will provide valuable insights for developing more effective vaccines to prepare for future pandemics.

Photopyroelectric tweezers for versatile manipulation.

Optical tweezers and related techniques offer extraordinary opportunities for research and applications in physical, biological, and medical fields. However, certain critical requirements, such as high-intensity laser beams, sophisticated electrode designs, additional electric sources, or low-conductive media, significantly impede their flexibility and adaptability, thus hindering their practical applications. Here, we report innovative photopyroelectric tweezers (PPT) that combine the advantages of light and electric field by utilizing a rationally designed photopyroelectric substrate with efficient and durable photo-induced surface charge-generation capability, enabling diverse manipulation in various working scenarios.

The evolution of ovarian somatic cells characterized by transcriptome and chromatin accessibility across rodents, monkeys, and humans.

The ovary plays a crucial role in the reproductive system of female mammals by producing mature oocytes through folliculogenesis. Non-human model organisms are extensively utilized in research on human ovarian biology, thus necessitating the investigation of conservation and divergence in molecular mechanisms across species. In this study, we employed integrative single-cell analysis of transcriptome and chromatin accessibility to identify the evolutionary conservation and divergence patterns of ovaries among humans, monkeys, mice, rats, and rabbits.

When synthetic biology meets medicine.

In recent years, the world has faced significant challenges with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as other infectious diseases such as Zika and Ebola. Furthermore, the rapid rise of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer has placed tremendous strain on healthcare resources and systems. Unfortunately, advancements in drug development, diagnostics, and therapeutics have struggled to keep pace with the emergence and progression of diseases, necessitating the exploration of new technologies for the discovery and development of biomedicines and biotherapies.

Tracing TMEM106B fibril deposition in aging and Parkinson's disease with dementia brains.

Transmembrane protein 106B (TMEM106B), previously identified as a risk factor in frontotemporal lobar degeneration, has recently been detected to form fibrillar aggregates in the brains of patients with various neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and normal elders. While the specifics of when and where TMEM106B fibrils accumulate in human brains, as well as their connection to aging and disease progression, remain poorly understood. Here, we identified an antibody (NBP1-91311) that directly binds to TMEM106B fibrils extracted from the brain and to Thioflavin S-positive TMEM106B fibrillar aggregates in brain sections.

A biomarker framework for liver aging: the Aging Biomarker Consortium consensus statement.

In human aging, liver aging per se not only increases susceptibility to liver diseases but also increases vulnerability of other organs given its central role in regulating metabolism. Total liver function tends to be well maintained in the healthy elderly, so liver aging is generally difficult to identify early. In response to this critical challenge, the Aging Biomarker Consortium of China has formulated an expert consensus on biomarkers of liver aging by synthesizing the latest scientific literature, comprising insights from both scientists and clinicians.

Corrigendum to "Panax notoginseng saponins promotes angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury"[J Ginseng Res 48(6), November 2024, 592-602].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.

Fatty acid oxidation-induced HIF-1α activation facilitates hepatic urate synthesis through upregulating NT5C2 and XDH.

Dyslipidemia affects approximately half of all people with gout, and prior Mendelian randomization analysis suggested a causal role for elevated triglycerides in hyperuricemia (HU), but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We hypothesize that dyslipidemia promotes hepatic urate biosynthesis in HU and gout and fatty acid (FA) oxidation (FAO) drives this process. Here we developed a targeted metabolomics to quantify major metabolites in purine metabolic pathway in the sera of a human cohort with HU, gout, and normaluricemic controls.

Comparison of different severity scores in correlating hemoglobin levels with the severity of hepatic decompensation: An observational study.

Background: Chronic liver disease is a growing global health problem, leading to hepatic decompensation characterized by an array of clinical and biochemical complications. Several scoring systems have been introduced in assessing the severity of hepatic decompensation with the most frequent ones are Child-Pugh score, model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, and MELD-Na score. Anemia is frequently observed in cirrhotic patients and is linked to worsened clinical outcomes.

Nanomedicine in Immunotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Applications and Perspectives.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a strikingly high incidence rate globally. Although immunotherapy brings a great breakthrough in its clinical treatment of NSCLC, significant challenges still need to be overcome. The development of novel multi-functional nanomedicines in the realm of tumor immunotherapy offers promising opportunities for NSCLC patients, as nanomedicines exhibit significant advantages, including specific targeting of tumor cells, improved drug bioavailability, reduced systemic toxicity, and overcoming of immune resistance.

Ultra-stable and Sensitive X-ray Detectors Using 3D Hybrid Perovskitoid Single Crystals.

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) have shown great potential for direct X-ray detection in security screening and medical diagnostics. However, their humidity stability is compromised due to the susceptibility of the structural components to water molecules, thereby limiting their practical application. In this work, stable and sensitive X-ray detection is achieved using high-quality bulk single crystals of the 3D perovskitoid (DMPZ)PbBr (DPB, DMPZ = N,N'-dimethyl-pyrazinium), wherein N-acid protons are replaced with hydrophobic alkyl groups.

Correlation between rrs gene mutations and amikacin resistance in Mycobacterium abscessus: implications for fitness cost and clinical prevalence.

Objectives: Amikacin is crucial for treating Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) infections, with resistance primarily attributed to rrs gene mutations. The correlation between specific mutations and amikacin susceptibility, along with the associated fitness cost, requires further investigation.

Methods: We isolated spontaneous amikacin-resistant mutants in vitro and identified their mutation sites in the rrs gene via Sanger sequencing, which were then compared with existing reports.

A Solvatochromic and Photosensitized Lipid Droplet Probe Detects Local Polarity Heterogeneity and Labels Interacting Proteins in Human Liver Disease Tissue.

The intricate morphology, physicochemical properties, and interacting proteins of lipid droplets (LDs) are associated with cell metabolism and related diseases. To uncover these layers of information, a solvatochromic and photosensitized LDs-targeted probe based on the furan-based D-D-π-A scaffold is developed to offer the following integrated functions. First, the turn-on fluorescence of the probe upon selectively binding to LDs allows for direct visualization of their location and morphology.

Improving Spatial Transcriptomics with Membrane-Based Boundary Definition and Enhanced Single-Cell Resolution.

Accurately defining cell boundaries for spatial transcriptomics is technically challenging. The current major approaches are nuclear staining or mathematical inference, which either exclude the cytoplasm or determine a hypothetical boundary. Here, a new method is introduced for defining cell boundaries: labeling cell membranes using genetically coded fluorescent proteins, which allows precise indexing of sequencing spots and transcripts within cells on sections.

Naturally derived hydrogels for wound healing.

Natural hydrogels have garnered increasing attention due to their natural origins and beneficial roles in wound healing. Hydrogel water-retaining capacity and excellent biocompatibility create an ideal moist environment for wound healing, thereby enhancing cell proliferation and tissue regeneration. For this reason, naturally derived hydrogels formulated from biomaterials such as chitosan, alginate, gelatin, and fibroin are highly promising due to their biodegradability and low immunogenic responses.

Synergizing CRISPR-Cas9 with Advanced Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Precision Drug Delivery: Technological Nexus and Regulatory Insights.

The evolution of genetic exploration tools, from laborious methods like radiationinduced mutations to the transformative CRISPR-Cas9 system, has fundamentally reshaped genetic research and gene editing capabilities. This journey, initiated by foundational techniques such as ZFNs and TALENs and culminating in the groundbreaking work of Doudna and Charpentier in 2012, has ushered in an era of precise DNA alteration and profound insights into gene functions. The CRISPR/Cas9 system uses the Cas9 enzyme and guides RNA (gRNA) to precisely target and cleave DNA, with subsequent repair via error-prone NHEJ or precise HDR, enabling versatile gene editing.

Telomeres, telomerase, and cancer: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutics.

Telomeres and telomerase play crucial roles in the initiation and progression of cancer. As biomarkers, they aid in distinguishing benign from malignant tissues. Despite the promising therapeutic potential of targeting telomeres and telomerase for therapy, translating this concept from the laboratory to the clinic remains challenging.

Evaluation by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy of the Effects of Root Canal Instrumentation on the Radicular Dentine.

One area of technological advancement has been the shift from stainless steel hand tools to nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary tools. This paper aims to perform an in vitro comparative study to evaluate the efficacy of five endodontic manual and rotary instruments such as Kerr files, Orodeka Plex V, ProTaper Flydent NiTi super files, and ProTaper Flydent NiTi super files in combination with an ultrasonic endodontic E3D Diamantata EMS scaler used for root canal shaping. The following aspects were highlighted: effective removal of smear layer (SL) from the dentinal tubules in the coronal 1/3, middle 1/3, and apical 1/3 of the root canal, appearance of cracks in the dentinal walls by SEM analysis, and highlighting of dentin mineral content and remnant debris by EDX analysis.

Detection of human noroviruses in sewage by next generation sequencing in Shandong Province, 2019-2021.

Background: Human noroviruses are the major cause of acute gastroenteritis and exhibit considerable genetic diversity. Next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis based on environmental surveillance has been proved to be an effective method in norovirus surveillance.

Methods: Between January 2019 and December 2021, 36 sewage samples were collected and analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR to detect noroviruses.