Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Point-of-Care Ultrasonography Quality Criteria Checklist: An International Consensus Statement on Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Imaging and Measurement.

Objectives: To standardize optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) and improve its research and clinical utility by developing the ONSD POCUS Quality Criteria Checklist (ONSD POCUS QCC).

Design: Three rounds of modified Delphi consensus process and three rounds of asynchronous discussions.

Setting: Online surveys and anonymous asynchronous discussion.

The evolution of acute stroke care in Germany from 2019 to 2021: analysis of nation-wide administrative datasets.

Background: The treatment of ischemic stroke (IS) has changed considerably in recent years. Particularly the advent of mechanical thrombectomy (MTE) has revolutionized the available treatment options. Most patients in developed countries have access to intravenous thrombolysis (IVT).

The potential role of astroglial GABA receptors in autoimmune encephalitis associated with GABA receptor antibodies and seizures.

The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory transmitter in the central nervous system and GABA receptors mediate the inhibitory synaptic transmission. GABA binding to neuronal GABA R leads to a rapid hyperpolarization and a higher excitation threshold due to an increase in membrane Cl permeability. The synaptic GABA R is mostly composed of two α(1-3), two β, and one γ subunit with the most abundant configuration α1β2γ2.

An inflamed necrotic appendix epiploicum with immediate contact to a non-inflamed appendix vermiformis: a case report.

Introduction: Epiploic appendagitis is a rare cause of focal abdominal pain which, depending on its localisation, can mimic a variety of abdominal diseases. We describe a patient with an inflamed necrotic appendix epiploicum with immediate contact to a non-inflamed appendix vermiformis mimicking acute appendicitis. Considering the rare localization, this is the first report of this kind in the literature.

Surgical and medical emergencies on board European aircraft: a retrospective study of 10189 cases.

Introduction: In-flight medical and surgical emergencies (IMEs) onboard commercial aircrafts occur quite commonly. However, little epidemiological research exists concerning these incidents.

Methods: Thirty-two European airlines were asked to provide anonymous data on medical flight reports of IMEs for the years 2002 to 2007.

Cutaneous lesions of the external ear.

Skin diseases on the external aspect of the ear are seen in a variety of medical disciplines. Dermatologists, othorhinolaryngologists, general practitioners, general and plastic surgeons are regularly consulted regarding cutaneous lesions on the ear. This article will focus on those diseases wherefore surgery or laser therapy is considered as a possible treatment option or which are potentially subject to surgical evaluation.

Bilateral cheek-to-nose advancement flap: an alternative to the paramedian forehead flap for reconstruction of the nose.

Skin cancer on the nose is commonly treated with surgical excision resulting in defects that require closure. The surgeon is faced with many reconstructive options. The paramedian forehead flap is one commonly used technique.

Simultaneous ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome and adrenal metastasis of a medullary thyroid carcinoma causing paraneoplastic Cushing's syndrome.

Medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC) constitute about 5 to 7 % of thyroid neoplasms. They originate from parafollicular C-cells which can secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and/or corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in abnormally high concentrations, potentially causing paraneoplastic Cushing's Syndrome (CS). We report on a 42-year-old male patient with a ten year history of metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma suffering from paraneoplastic Cushing's Syndrome caused by ectopic hypersecretion of ACTH and a simultaneous Cortisol producing adrenal metastasis.

Epiploic appendagitis--clinical characteristics of an uncommon surgical diagnosis.

Background: Epiploic appendagitis (EA) is a rare cause of focal abdominal pain in otherwise healthy patients with mild or absent secondary signs of abdominal pathology. It can mimick diverticulitis or appendicitis on clinical exam. The diagnosis of EA is very infrequent, due in part to low or absent awareness among general surgeons.

Combination of surgical excision and custom designed silicon pressure splint therapy for keloids on the helical rim.

Keloids are defined as dermal fibrotic lesions which are considered an aberration of the wound healing process. Their etiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. Different treatment modalities are described in the literature depending on the morphology and size of the keloid.

Correction of the lobule.

Many techniques have been described for the correction of protruding ears. Most of them concentrate on correcting the form and position of auricular cartilage. The lobule is a soft tissue structure.

The modified converse technique in combination with cavum rotation.

We report our experiences in 210 patients with protruding ears who underwent a surgical correction of their deformity using a modified "Converse technique." The technique combines a posterior incomplete cartilage incision with permanent cartilage sutures and a cavum rotation if necessary. The described technique provides a good anterior width and normal relief, with shaped anthelix and crus superior, can be achieved.