Real-World Evaluation of i-gel Introduction on Intraoperative Airway-Related Safety Events: A Retrospective Cohort Study From a New England Hospital Network.

Background: Several health care networks have fully adopted second-generation supraglottic airway (SGA) i-gel. Real-world evidence of enhanced patient safety after such practice change is lacking. We hypothesized that the implementation of i-gel compared to the previous LMA®-Unique™ would be associated with a lower risk of airway-related safety events.

Half a Century's Quest for Seasonal Hyperacute Panuveitis (SHAPU): From Academic Curiosity to Public Health Concern.

For the past 50 years, significant progress has been made in understanding Seasonal Hyperacute Panuveitis (SHAPU), a mysterious blinding disease first reported in Nepal in 1975. Predominantly affecting Nepalese children, SHAPU occurs cyclically every odd year from September to December. While initially misclassified as endophthalmitis, SHAPU is set apart by its lack of trauma or surgery, failure to grow organisms in most intraocular fluid cultures, and its hallmark presentation of a "white pupil in red eye" with an association with moth exposure.

Bilingual Perspectives of Functional Dyspepsia Management in People from Underserved Areas.

Introduction: Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs), like functional dyspepsia (FD), are prevalent and challenging conditions. In other gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, individuals from underserved areas (UAs) have difficulty accessing care. Little is known about UA FD patient perspectives of their care, especially in those with limited English proficiency (LEP).

Validation of gender-equity model for liver allocation (GEMA) and its sodium variant (GEMA-Na) in candidates for liver transplantation.

Background: The current allocation system for liver transplantation (LT) is based on the sickest-first policy, using objective variables to ensure equal priority. However, under-prioritization of female patients for LT, compared to males, is well demonstrated and new scores have been proposed to overcome this systematic bias. This study evaluated the ability of these new scores to predict the long-term outcomes of patients with cirrhosis.

Patient-Centric Approach for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease in Older People.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to outline considerations for treating older adults with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) as it relates to infection, comorbidities, cancer, and quality of life.

Recent Findings: The recent 2023 American College of Rheumatology/American College of Chest Physicians guideline conditionally recommended specific disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), antifibrotics, and short-term glucocorticoids to treat RA-ILD. Since RA-ILD often affects older adults, we contextualize these pharmacologic options related to infection, gastrointestinal (GI) effects, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and quality of life.

Utilizing natural language processing to identify pediatric patients experiencing status epilepticus.

Purpose: Compare the identification of patients with established status epilepticus (ESE) and refractory status epilepticus (RSE) in electronic health records (EHR) using human review versus natural language processing (NLP) assisted review.

Methods: We reviewed EHRs of patients aged 1 month to 21 years from Boston Children's Hospital (BCH). We included all patients with convulsive ESE or RSE during admission.

Exploring Dietary- and Disease-Related Influences on Flatulence and Fecal Odor Perception in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects gastrointestinal function and may alter fecal and flatulence odor (intestinal odor) due to changes in inflammation, the gut microbiome, and metabolism. Investigating the relationship between dietary habits and intestinal odor in IBD is critical given the relationship between diet, gut health, and microbiome diversity. : We performed a cohort analysis of a monocentric, cross-sectional study at a tertiary referral center and compared the perception of fecal and flatulence odor in 233 IBD patients (n = 117 women) with that of 96 healthy controls (HCs) (n = 67 women).

Visual analysis of the research frontiers, hotspots and development trends of immunization programs for women and children.

The objective of this study is to gain insight into the current research frontiers, hotspots, and development trends in the field of immunization programs for women and children, and to provide scientific guidance and reference for follow-up research. Based on all the original research papers related to the research on immunization programs for women and children in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database, bibliometric studies and visual analysis were carried out to explore the research frontiers, hotspots and development trends, and to analyze the risk factors affecting the vaccination coverage of immunization programs for women and children. Eight hundred forty-three papers obtained from 1,552 institutions in 96 countries/regions from January 1950 to August 2024, coauthored by 4,343 authors.

Pain Coping Skills Training for Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: The HOPE Consortium Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Chronic pain is common among individuals with dialysis-dependent kidney failure.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of pain coping skills training (PCST), a cognitive behavioral intervention, on pain interference.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter randomized clinical trial of PCST vs usual care was conducted across 16 academic centers and 103 outpatient dialysis facilities in the US.

Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer: updates and best practices for multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) image analysis and data sharing.

Objectives: Multiplex immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence (mIHC/IF) are emerging technologies that can be used to help define complex immunophenotypes in tissue, quantify immune cell subsets, and assess the spatial arrangement of marker expression. mIHC/IF assays require concerted efforts to optimize and validate the multiplex staining protocols prior to their application on slides. The best practice guidelines for staining and validation of mIHC/IF assays across platforms were previously published by this task force.

Demographic-Based Personalized Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Thresholds for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Diagnosis.

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death. Current diagnosis emphasizes the detection of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) using a fixed threshold of ≥15-mm maximum wall thickness (MWT). This study proposes a method that considers individual demographics to adjust LVH thresholds as an alternative to a 1-size-fits-all approach.

Strategies for Academic Advisors and Mentors to Support Medical Students Entering Clinical Rotations.

Medical school offers comprehensive education and career development both in the classroom and clinical spaces. Much of the literature surrounding optimizing and navigating clinical rotations is directed towards faculty, such as clerkship directors. However, as advisors for medical students, we notice a large gap exists in peer-reviewed content focused on teaching medical students concrete skills of navigating clinical years.

Refining breast cancer genetic risk and biology through multi-ancestry fine-mapping analyses of 192 risk regions.

Genome-wide association studies have identified approximately 200 genetic risk loci for breast cancer, but the causal variants and target genes are mostly unknown. We sought to fine-map all known breast cancer risk loci using genome-wide association study data from 172,737 female breast cancer cases and 242,009 controls of African, Asian and European ancestry. We identified 332 independent association signals for breast cancer risk, including 131 signals not reported previously, and for 50 of them, we narrowed the credible causal variants down to a single variant.

Assessing the Reliability of YouTube Content for Plastic Surgery Patient Information in Africa With the Modified DISCERN and JAMA Scores.

Introduction: YouTube has become a popular source of health information, including plastic surgery. Given the platform's wide reach and potential influence on patient decisions, this study aimed to assess the quality of information available on YouTube for African audiences seeking plastic surgery procedures.

Methods: This cross-sectional study extracted data from YouTube videos on plastic surgery relevant to Africa.

Utilization and Outcomes Associated With Intravascular Ultrasound during Abdominal and Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Interventions in the United States in the Contemporary Era (2016-2023).

Background: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) use in aortic endovascular interventions, including thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) and endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), may have similar benefits to those seen in coronary and peripheral interventions, but limited utilization and outcome data exist.

Methods: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services claims data were used to identify patients undergoing TEVAR and EVAR from 2016 to 2023. Utilization trends were stratified by region, urbanicity, distressed communities index, community versus academic center, Medicare versus dual enrollment status, indication, urgency, and presence of dissection with malperfusion.

Exploring UK clinician perceptions of through-knee amputation compared to above-knee amputation: a mixed methods study.

Background: Through-knee amputation (TKA) has potential advantages over above-knee amputation (AKA) but is rarely performed in the United Kingdom (UK). This mixed methods study aimed to explore clinicians' perceptions of TKA compared to AKA.

Method: An online survey of vascular surgeons, prosthetists, and physiotherapists between May 2019 and April 2020.

Delays to Revascularisation and Outcomes of Non-elective Admissions for Chronic Limb Threatening Ischaemia: a UK Population Based Cohort Study.

Objective: Major amputation and death are significant outcomes after lower limb revascularisation for chronic limb threatening ischaemia (CLTI), but there is limited evidence on their association with the timing of revascularisation. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between time from non-elective admission to revascularisation and one year outcomes for patients with CLTI.

Methods: This was an observational, population based cohort study of patients aged ≥ 50 years with CLTI admitted non-electively for infra-inguinal revascularisation procedures in English NHS hospitals from January 2017 to December 2019 recorded in the Hospital Episode Statistics database.

Covert perioperative strokes in older patients having non-cardiac surgery (PRECISION): a prospective cohort analysis.

Background: Perioperative strokes may promote postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction. We thus evaluated the incidence of postoperative strokes and the association between strokes and postoperative neurocognitive outcomes in older patients recovering from non-cardiac surgery.

Methods: PRECISION was a two-center prospective cohort study.

Practical recommendations for therapy and monitoring of mogamulizumab patients in Germany.

Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) are the most common subtypes of the heterogeneous group of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). With the expansion of the biologic treatment landscape, new treatment options have become available in recent years, most notably the C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4)-directed monoclonal antibody mogamulizumab. Based on the phase III pivotal trial, mogamulizumab is recommended by the German S2k guidelines for the second-line treatment of stage IB and above SS and MF, after at least one prior systemic therapy.

I'm Getting a Migraine: A Comparative Evaluation of Patient and Clinician Interpretations of Migraine Symptoms.

Patients and providers vary in how they describe common otolaryngology-related complaints. These differences can lead to miscommunication and frustration that may affect patient outcomes and satisfaction. The aim of this cross-sectional survey-based study was to explore the differences in migraine symptom selection by otolaryngology patients and clinicians.

Building global collaborative research networks in paediatric critical care: a roadmap.

Paediatric critical care units are designed for children at a vulnerable stage of development, yet the evidence base for practice and policy in paediatric critical care remains scarce. In this Health Policy, we present a roadmap providing strategic guidance for international paediatric critical care trials. We convened a multidisciplinary group of 32 paediatric critical care experts from six continents representing paediatric critical care research networks and groups.

Contrasting genetic burden for bipolar disorder: Early onset versus late onset in an older adult bipolar disorder sample.

Older Adults with Bipolar Disorder (OABD) represent a heterogeneous group, including those with early and late onset of the disorder. Recent evidence shows both groups have distinct clinical, cognitive, and medical features, tied to different neurobiological profiles. This study explored the link between polygenic risk scores (PRS) for bipolar disorder (PRS-BD), schizophrenia (PRS-SCZ), and major depressive disorder (PRS-MDD) with age of onset in OABD.