Outsiders at Medical School: Indigenous experiences in medical courses at Brazilian federal universities.

In recent decades, affirmative actions have enabled Indigenous people to access medical school, historically occupied by white people with high family incomes. This research analyzed experiences of otherness by Indigenous people in federal medical schools. This qualitative, exploratory study adopted interviews and conversation circles, with the participation of 40 students from 15 courses.

Perceptions of research integrity and open science practices: a survey of Brazilian dental researchers.

The objective of this study was to evaluate Brazilian dental researchers' perceptions of research integrity and open science practices, as well as their perceptions of the way researchers are evaluated for promotion, hiring, and receiving grants. In a self-administered online survey, the respondents were presented with 3 questions on researcher evaluation in Brazil. Additionally, for 25 academic activities or characteristics, researchers rated their perceived importance for a) career advancement, b) science advancement, c) personal satisfaction, and d) social impact.

Employee engagement, perceived organizational support, and job performance of medical staff at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital.

This study examined the moderating effect of perceived organizational support on the link between employee engagement and the job performance of medical staff at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital. The study adopted a purely quantitative approach, using the explanatory research design. Data were collected from 310 full-time nurses and midwives of the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital in the Central Region of Ghana.

Challenges and motivating factors for integrating geostatistical models in targeted schistosomiasis control: A qualitative case study in Northwestern Tanzania.

Introduction: To address problems of over- and under-treatment with preventive chemotherapy resulting in ongoing transmission of schistosomiasis, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends targeted mass drug administration (MDA) interventions at a sub-district level. In Tanzania, the lack of sub-district (ward) prevalence data has inhibited a transition to targeted treatment. Model-based prevalence estimation combined with routine surveillance data can be used to overcome this gap.

Investigating the impact of age and sex on cataract surgery complications and outcomes.

Cataract surgery, a common procedure for vision restoration, exhibits variable outcomes based on patient demographics. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of age and sex on risk factors, intraoperative complications, and postoperative outcomes of cataract surgery. A single-center retrospective cohort study analyzed 691 eyes from 589 individuals who underwent surgery at a tertiary referral center, using electronic medical records to assess preoperative risk factors, intraoperative complications, and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) pre- and post-operatively, alongside demographic data.

Medical Therapy Alone for Ommaya Reservoir-Associated Bacterial Meningitis: When It Works and When It Fails.

Background And Objectives: Administration of intraventricular chemotherapy through Ommaya reservoir is indicated for certain forms of leptomeningeal disease. However, ventricular reservoirs carry a substantial risk of infection. The conventional approach to managing reservoir-associated infections involves removal of the reservoir and systemic antibiotic therapy, but this strategy necessitates additional procedures to remove and subsequently replace the device.

Enhanced D614G and Omicron Variants Antibody Persistence in Infants at 2 Months of Age Following Maternal mRNA Booster Vaccination During Pregnancy or Postpartum.

Background: Following maternal COVID-19 vaccination, the persistence of antibodies in sera and breast milk for mothers and infants is not well characterized. We sought to describe the persistence of antibodies through 2 months after delivery in maternal and infant serum and breast milk following maternal COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and to examine differences by receipt of booster dose during pregnancy or postpartum.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study with enrollment from July 2021 to January 2022 at 9 US academic sites.

Maximum Tumor Diameter is Associated with Relapse Risk in Limited-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma: An International Study.

Tumour bulk is an established prognostic factor in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) but most patients with limited-stage (LS) HL do not have 'bulk' by standard binary definitions. In the RAPID trial, maximum tumor diameter (MTD) was associated with risk of relapse for LS-HL patients achieving PET-negativity after ABVD chemotherapy. We aimed to externally validate these findings in the H10 trial.

Topical review: sleep regulation as a novel target for treating preschool-aged children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms.

Objective: Elevated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in preschoolers are a risk factor for poorer psychiatric health, cognitive deficits, and social and academic impairment across the lifespan. The first-line treatment for these preschoolers, behavioral parent training (BPT), reduces children's disruptive behaviors and parenting stress, yet its impact on core ADHD symptoms is inconsistent. Early interventions targeting biological mechanisms linked to core ADHD pathophysiology are critically needed.

High-resolution whole-genome DNA methylation revealed unique signatures of painful diabetic neuropathy.

The aim of this work was to describe the DNA methylation signature and to identify genes associated with neuropathic pain in type 2 diabetes mellitus. We analyzed two independent diabetic neuropathy cohorts: PROPGER consisting of 72 painful and 67 painless patients recruited at the German Diabetes Center in Düsseldorf (DE), and PROPENG comprising 27 painful and 65 painless diabetic neuropathy patients recruited at the University of Manchester (UK). Genome-wide methylation data was generated using Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC v1.

Carbon Footprint Analysis of an Outpatient Dermatology Practice at an Academic Medical Center.

Importance: There is growing awareness of the US health sector's substantial contribution to the country's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, exacerbating the health threats from climate change. Reducing health care's environmental impact requires understanding its carbon emissions, but there are few published audits of health systems and fewer comprehensive emissions analyses at the clinic or department level.

Objective: To quantify the annual GHG emissions from a large outpatient dermatology practice, compare relative sources of emissions, and identify actionable targets.

Association between behavioral and sociodemographic factors and high subjective health among adolescents: a nationwide representative study in South Korea.

The need to understand subjective health has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, given its substantial impact on lifestyle habits and perceptions. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the trends and association of subjective health with demographic and behavioral factors, primarily focusing on the change when the COVID-19 pandemic emerged. This study used data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, comprising 1,190,468 adolescents aged 12-18 years (female, 48.

Smooth Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain Expression in Nodal and Extranodal Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma.

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare neoplasm requiring a high index of suspicion, especially on small biopsies. Smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMMHC) is a common immunohistochemical (IHC) stain that has been reported to mark normal nodal follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). We hypothesize that SMMHC can be a sensitive marker for FDCS and aim to compare its performance with established markers of FDCS.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Medical-Legal Partnership Services and Cases.

Context: Medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) are innovative, promising models that integrate legal service providers and medical professionals to prevent, detect, and address legal, social, and economic needs arising from social inequities that may negatively impact health. The COVID-19 pandemic impacted health care systems across the United States. MLP workflows and legal services were also interrupted by COVID-19 infection prevention and control measures such as no-visitor policies, social distancing, and the cancellation of non-emergent or routine health care services.

Evaluating factors impacting National Institutes of Health funding in pain medicine.

Background: While many medical specialties have established links between bibliometric indices, academic rank, leadership roles, and National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding, there exists a gap within the field of pain medicine. The purpose of our study is to examine the impact of research productivity (h-index, m-index, publications, citations), professional degrees (PhD, MPH, MBA), leadership positions (program director, division chief, chairman), and faculty demographics (gender, nationality of training) on attaining NIH grant funding among pain medicine faculty.

Methods: A complete list of 98 civilian pain medicine programs was included in the study.

Strategic SWOT analysis of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital using Modified Delphi Technique: implications for strengthening national and regional health systems.

Background And Aim: The perennial underperformance of the Nigerian Health System necessitated enhanced advocacy for health to be placed at the centre of a renewed social contract and as a means of bolstering public trust. The hospital management of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) introduced initiatives to improve the hospital's operational environment and service performance in response to the population served. Following these changes, an Organizational Capacity Assessment (OCA) is critical to direct further development in the organization.

Interaction of α-synuclein with DJ-1 in homodimer and L166P mutant monomer forms in Parkinson's disease: a molecular dynamics study.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by the formation of Lewy bodies, which are primarily composed of misfolded α-Synuclein (α-Syn). DJ-1 is a crucial protein involved in the correct folding of α-Syn, and mutations impairing its function are associated with the onset of PD. One such mutation, the L166P substitution in DJ-1, which has been linked to early-onset PD and results in the loss of DJ-1's homodimer structure.

The Trifecta of Industry, Academic, and Health System Partnership to Improve Mental Health Care Through Smartphone-Based Remote Patient Monitoring: Development and Usability Study.

Background: Mental health treatment is hindered by the limited number of mental health care providers and the infrequency of care. Digital mental health technology can help supplement treatment by remotely monitoring patient symptoms and predicting mental health crises in between clinical visits. However, the feasibility of digital mental health technologies has not yet been sufficiently explored.

ASTHMAXcel Perception: A mobile health application for training in the perception of airflow limitation.

Objective: ASTHMAXcel Perception is an expansion of prior ASTHMAXcel mobile health applications for children with asthma. ASTHMAXcel Perception was evaluated for its ability to improve asthma control and perception of airflow limitation.

Methods: Patients with asthma ages 15-21 were randomized to receive ASTHMAXcel Perception with peak expiratory flow (PEF) feedback or usual care (UC).

Subjective cognitive decline predicts longitudinal neuropsychological test performance in an unsupervised online setting in the Brain Health Registry.

Backgrounds: Digital, online assessments are efficient means to detect early cognitive decline, but few studies have investigated the relationship between remotely collected subjective cognitive change and cognitive decline. We hypothesized that the Everyday Cognition Scale (ECog), a subjective change measure, predicts longitudinal change in cognition in the Brain Health Registry (BHR), an online registry for neuroscience research.

Methods: This study included BHR participants aged 55 + who completed both the baseline ECog and repeated administrations of the CANTAB Paired Associates Learning (PAL) visual learning and memory test.

Cochlear reimplantation rate, causes, and outcomes: a multicenter study.

Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate cochlear reimplantation rate, causes, and audiological outcomes in a large group of patients in a multicenter study.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on patients with cochlear reimplantation surgeries between 2000 and 2022 in five academic referral centers. The rate and reasons for cochlear reimplantation surgeries were evaluated.

Exploring postpartum women's experiences, perspectives, and expectations in maternal health care at a Chinese maternity care center: a qualitative study.

Background: The postpartum period presents critical challenges for new mothers, involving significant physical and emotional adjustments. Traditionally, Chinese culture has addressed this phase through "doing the month," emphasizing rest and specific cultural practices. Modernization in urban China has led to a rise in professional maternal care centers, yet research on women's experiences and expectations in these settings remains limited.