[Determination of the death time in children (1-3 years old) by the muscle contraction swelling (idiomuscular tumor)].

Was to research the muscles response in children during three years of their life to mechanical stimulation with evaluation of the maximum time of its occurrence from 2 to 15 hours of the postmortem period. Assessment of the muscles response to mechanical stress is one of the methods for determining the time of death coming. For the deceased of mature age, there is very little scientific data on this topic and for children and adolescents there is none at all.

On respiratory manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

One of the manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is extraesophageal symptoms, in particular, from the upper and lower respiratory tract. Gastroesophageal reflux is capable of both causing respiratory symptoms independently and aggravating the course of already existing diseases of the respiratory system. The article presents available in the literature current information on the pathogenesis of GERD respiratory symptoms, their clinical course, considerations of diagnosis and treatment.

[Comparative analysis of mortality from acute forms of ischemic heart disease during a 15-year period in the Russian Federation and the United States and the factors influencing its formation].

Aim: To comparatively analyze the registered mortality rates from coronary heart disease (CHD) as a whole, as well as myocardial infarction (MI) and other acute forms of CHD during a 15-year period in the Russian Federation (RF, 2000-2014) and the United States of America (USA, 1999-2013).

Material And Methods: Primary data were obtained from the database of the RF State Statistics Service, the World Health Organization Mortality Database, Human Mortality Database, then converted into standardized mortality rates and are presented in three age groups (30+, 30-49, and 50+ years old) in men and women separately.

Results: The analysis revealed a substantial excess of the registered mortality rates from CHD in the RF versus in the USA, as well as a lower incidence of MI and a higher incidence of other acute CHD forms registered as the cause of death.

[The definition of sepsis. 25-year experience of concept development].

The review, presented in chronological order the stages of formation of the modern definition of sepsis syndrome, since the recommendations of the conciliation conference ACCP/SCCM (1991), the experience of the practical use of which has been extensively critically assessed in future studies. As a result, it formed a strong opinion that the global challenge of early diagnosis of sepsis, under the previously proposed definitive categories have not been solved, moreover, in the scientific community formed a firm belief in the need to make fundamental changes in the definition of the term 'sepsis'. As a result, in 2016 the scientific community were presented the recommendations of the working group 'Sepsis-3', in which sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction due to dysregulated response to infection, and fundamentally distinguish them from the former, is a laconic definitions and availability of diagnostic criteria.

[Etiology of "difficult" laparoscopic cholecystectomy].

Aim: To define causes of difficult situations in various forms of acute cholecystitis depending on terms of disease and clinico-morphological changes in gall bladder area and to justify differentiated application of laparoscopic surgery for acute cholecystitis.

Material And Methods: It was reviewed 1132 medical records of patients with acute cholecystitis. It is found that morphological changes in gall bladder and surrounding tissues depend on duration of follow-up of patients with acute cholecystitis and type of inflammation.

[The ways to improve the efficiency of surgical care service].

Aim: To examine the work of surgical service in the Central Federal District and to define the main directions to improve the efficacy of surgical care in case of acute abdominal diseases.

Material And Methods: The results of surgical service of the Central Federal District for the period 2011-2014 in treatment of 2.5 millions patients were analyzed.