Biliary Anomalies in VACTERL Syndrome: A Case Report.

The VACTERL/VATER association is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the presence of at least three of its main components: vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiovascular anomalies, tracheoesophageal fistulas, esophageal atresia, renal anomalies, and limb defects. The exact cause of the VACTERL association is not fully understood. Most cases occur randomly.

IgG4-Related Autoimmune Pancreatitis Mimicking Pancreatic Cancer: A Report of Two Cases.

IgG4-related autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare inflammatory condition characterized by elevated IgG4-positive plasma cells and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in the pancreas. This disease responds to steroid therapy but can be challenging to differentiate from pancreatic cancer. In this paper, we present two cases of IgG4-related AIP presenting as pancreatic masses.

An update on locoregional percutaneous treatment technologies in colorectal cancer liver metastatic disease.

Introduction: Liver-dominant metastatic colorectal cancer is noted in approximately 20%-35% of the patients. Systemic chemotherapy remains the first-line treatment for mCRC, but the prognosis is poor due to liver failure. Novel minimally invasive technologies have enabled the optimization of locoregional treatment options.

Pernicious anemia: Pathophysiology and diagnostic difficulties.

Pernicious anemia (PA) is the most common cause of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency anemia in the world. It is an autoimmune disease, comprising of salient features of autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and cobalamin deficiency (CD). Although the anemia was first described as pernicious, it may well be controlled with vitamin B12 replacement.

Metal-Bound Methisazone; Novel Drugs Targeting Prophylaxis and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2, a Molecular Docking Study.

SARS-CoV-2 currently lacks effective first-line drug treatment. We present promising data from in silico docking studies of new Methisazone compounds (modified with calcium, Ca; iron, Fe; magnesium, Mg; manganese, Mn; or zinc, Zn) designed to bind more strongly to key proteins involved in replication of SARS-CoV-2. In this in silico molecular docking study, we investigated the inhibiting role of Methisazone and the modified drugs against SARS-CoV-2 proteins: ribonucleic acid (RNA)-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), spike protein, papain-like protease (PlPr), and main protease (MPro).

The Diagnostic Accuracy of Noninvasive Methods to Measure the Intracranial Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Although invasive monitoring is the standard method for intracranial pressure (ICP) measurement, it is not without potential for serious complications. Noninvasive methods have been proposed as alternatives to invasive ICP monitoring. The study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the currently available noninvasive methods for intracranial hypertension (ICH) monitoring.

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for Budd-Chiari syndrome: A comprehensive review.

Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a relatively rare clinical condition with a wide range of symptomatology, caused by the obstruction of the hepatic venous outflow. If left untreated, it has got an high mortality rate. Its management is based on a step-wise approach, depending on the clinical presentation, and includes different treatment from anticoagulation therapy up to Interventional Radiology techniques, such as transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).

Venous thromboembolism risk in patients with hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer treated with combined CDK 4/6 inhibitors plus endocrine therapy versus endocrine therapy alone: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Purpose: Approximately 70% of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) are hormone receptor (HR)-positive. Recent studies have shown that CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDKI) improve survival in combination with ET in HR-positive, HER2-negative MBC. The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is 3-4 times higher in patients with breast cancer (BC) than in patients without cancer.

Haematocrit and haemoglobin decrease following image-guided percutaneous core needle biopsies.

Aim: To determine the clinical significance of variation in haematocrit (Ht) and haemoglobin (Hb) values before and after image-guided percutaneous core needle biopsies (PCNBs) and evaluate its clinical significance.

Materials And Methods: This single-centre, retrospective study included all the patients who underwent image-guided PCNBs between November 2012 and September 2018. In total, 105 cases (56 male; 53.

Locoregional treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma: Current evidence and future directions.

Liver cancers are the second most frequent cause of global cancer-related mortality of which 90% are attributable to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite the advent of screening programmes for patients with known risk factors, a substantial number of patients are ineligible for curative surgery at presentation with limited outcomes achievable with systemic chemotherapy/external radiotherapy. This has led to the advent of numerous minimally invasive options including but not limited to trans-arterial chemoembolization, radiofrequency/microwave ablation and more recently selective internal radiation therapy many of which are often the first-line treatment for select stages of HCC or serve as a conduit to liver transplant.

Synchronous resections of intra-abdominal pathologies during radical nephrectomy. A case-linked cohort study evaluation of outcomes.

Objectives: We report the outcomes of radical nephrectomy with synchronous surgical resection of intra-abdominal pathologies to guide practice.

Patients And Methods: The data of patients requiring radical nephrectomy and surgical resection of a synchronous intra-abdominal pathology over a period of 12 years was extracted on pre-designed data extraction sheets from the case notes and included: age, sex, nature of second intra-abdominal pathology, intra-operative and postoperative details including complications, recurrence rate and survival on follow-up.

Results: Two hundred and ninety patients underwent radical nephrectomy for non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma between January 1995 and January 2007.

Management of urological hemorrhage and the role of transarterial angioembolization.

Urological hemorrhage is an important problem in contemporary urological practice with significant associated morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, these emergencies present a number of challenges to clinicians as current practice has evolved due to the increased availability of new imaging techniques and transarterial embolisation (TAE). In this review we have explored the epidemiology, etiology and management of both renal and bladder hemorrhage.

Herpetiform cutaneous metastases from transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: immunohistochemical analysis.

The case of an 83-year-old woman with an uncommon presentation of cutaneous metastases from muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is reported. The band-like eruption of the metastatic lesion can often be misdiagnosed and treated initially as herpes zoster. A detailed immunohistochemical analysis is also described to differentiate metastatic lesions from other sources.

Image-guided biopsy-diagnosed renal cell carcinoma: critical appraisal of technique and long-term follow-up.

Objectives: To critically appraise and determine the impact of image-guided biopsy on the management of indeterminate renal masses. A comparison of long-term follow-up of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) diagnosed by image-guided biopsy and radiologically obvious RCC was also carried out.

Patients And Methods: Data were collected for all the consecutive patients requiring renal core biopsies for the diagnosis of indeterminate renal masses between January 1996 and January 2006.

Endovascular control of haemorrhagic urological emergencies: an observational study.

Background: Transarterial embolisation (TAE) is an effective method in control of haemorrhage irrespective of the nature of urological emergency. As the technique and technology have evolved, it is now possible to perform highly selective embolisation. The aim of this study was to critically appraise feasibility and efficacy of therapeutic TAE in control of haemorrhagic urological emergencies using selective and non-selective embolisation.