Genome-wide polygenic risk scores for colorectal cancer have implications for risk-based screening.

Background: Hereditary factors, including single genetic variants and family history, can be used for targeting colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, but limited data exist on the impact of polygenic risk scores (PRS) on risk-based CRC screening.

Methods: Using longitudinal health and genomics data on 453,733 Finnish individuals including 8801 CRC cases, we estimated the impact of a genome-wide CRC PRS on CRC screening initiation age through population-calibrated incidence estimation over the life course in men and women.

Results: Compared to the cumulative incidence of CRC at age 60 in Finland (the current age for starting screening in Finland), a comparable cumulative incidence was reached 5 and 11 years earlier in persons with high PRS (80-99% and >99%, respectively), while those with a low PRS (< 20%) reached comparable incidence 7 years later.

Tofacitinib real-world experience in ulcerative colitis in Finland (FinTofUC): a retrospective non-interventional multicenter patient chart data study.

Objectives: The aim was to define the effectiveness of tofacitinib and to characterize the patient population receiving tofacitinib in a real-world cohort clinical setting for ulcerative colitis (UC) in Finland.

Methods: This is a retrospective non-interventional multicenter patient chart data study conducted in 23 Finnish Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) centers. Baseline demographic and clinical data, clinical remission, steroid-free remission rate and time to tofacitinib discontinuation, colectomy or UC-related hospitalization were studied.

Combined use of the CLivD score and FIB-4 for prediction of liver-related outcomes in the population.

Background And Aims: A need exists for effective and practical tools to identify individuals at increased risk of liver-related outcomes (LROs) within the general population.

Approach And Results: We externally validated the chronic liver disease (CLivD) score for LROs in the UK Biobank cohort. We also investigated the sequential combined use of CLivD and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) scores.

Does a prior diagnosis of infectious disease confer an increased risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults?

Aims: Infections are proposed risk factors for type 1 diabetes in children. We examined whether a diagnosis of infectious disease also confers an increased risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA).

Materials And Methods: We used data from a population-based Swedish case-control study with incident cases of LADA (n = 597) and matched controls (n = 2386).

Marked difference in liver fat measured by histology magnetic resonance-proton density fat fraction: A meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: Pathologists quantify liver steatosis as the fraction of lipid droplet-containing hepatocytes out of all hepatocytes, whereas the magnetic resonance-determined proton density fat fraction (PDFF) reflects the tissue triacylglycerol concentration. We investigated the linearity, agreement, and correspondence thresholds between histological steatosis and PDFF across the full clinical spectrum of liver fat content associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Methods: Using individual patient-level measurements, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing histological steatosis with PDFF determined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy or imaging in adults with suspected non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Cesena guidelines: WSES consensus statement on laparoscopic-first approach to general surgery emergencies and abdominal trauma.

Background: Laparoscopy is widely adopted across nearly all surgical subspecialties in the elective setting. Initially finding indication in minor abdominal emergencies, it has gradually become the standard approach in the majority of elective general surgery procedures. Despite many technological advances and increasing acceptance, the laparoscopic approach remains underutilized in emergency general surgery and in abdominal trauma.

Clinical characteristics of Martorell hypertensive ischaemic leg ulcer.

Objective: We sought to characterise the clinical picture of Martorell hypertensive ischaemic leg ulcer (HYTILU) by describing the ulcer borders with three clinical features: 'the red lipstick sign'; purple border; and livedo racemosa. We also aimed to characterise comorbidities and determinants of healing time.

Method: A single-centre, retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2015-2020.

Malpractice claims after antireflux surgery and paraesophageal hernia repair: a population-based analysis.

Background: The complication rate of modern antireflux surgery or paraesophageal hernia repair is unknown, and previous estimates have been extrapolated from institutional cohorts.

Methods: A population-based retrospective cohort study of patient injury cases involving antireflux surgery and paraesophageal hernia repair from the Finnish National Patient Injury Centre (PIC) register between Jan 2010 and Dec 2020. Additionally, the baseline data of all the patients who underwent antireflux and paraesophageal hernia operations between Jan 2010 and Dec 2018 were collected from the Finnish national care register.

Development and validation of a weight-loss predictor to assist weight loss management.

This study aims to develop and validate a modeling framework to predict long-term weight change on the basis of self-reported weight data. The aim is to enable focusing resources of health systems on individuals that are at risk of not achieving their goals in weight loss interventions, which would help both health professionals and the individuals in weight loss management. The weight loss prediction models were built on 327 participants, aged 21-78, from a Finnish weight coaching cohort, with at least 9 months of self-reported follow-up weight data during weight loss intervention.

Polygenic risk of obesity and BMI trajectories over 36 years: A longitudinal study of adult Finnish twins.

Objective: This study investigated 36-year BMI trajectories in twins whose BMI in young adulthood was below, within, or above their genetically predicted BMI, with a focus on twin pairs with large intrapair BMI differences (within-pair ΔBMI ≥ 3 kg/m ).

Methods: Together, 3227 like-sexed twin pairs (34% monozygotic) were examined at age ~30 years in 1975 and followed up in 1981, 1990, and 2011. An individual's observed BMI in 1975 was considered within (±2.

Roux-en-Y versus one-anastomosis gastric bypass (RYSA study): weight loss, metabolic improvements, and nutrition at 1 year after surgery, a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Although it has been suggested that one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is metabolically superior to the "gold standard," i.e., Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), there is little robust evidence to prove it.

[The two-in-one hit model of the short-cut carcinogenesis of colorectal carcinomas in MLH1-associated Lynch syndrome].

In a recently published study a new genetic hypothesis was established that explained the existence of CTNNB1 mutations in Lynch syndrome-associated colorectal carcinomas (MLH1-LS-CRC). This hypothesis states that a mitotic recombination on chromosome 3p simultaneously leads to inactivation of the mismatch repair gene MLH1 and to the activation of CTNNB1. This explains the increased frequency of CTNNB1 mutations in MLH1-LS-CRC compared with other colon carcinomas.

Randomized controlled pilot study: effect of carrageenan emulsifier on inflammation and gastrointestinal symptoms in quiescent ulcerative colitis.

Background: Animal models have provided some evidence of the pro-inflammatory effects of the commonly used emulsifier carrageenan. However, the effects of food-grade carrageenan among people with ulcerative colitis (UC) are largely unknown.

Methods: A randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study comparing high molecular carrageenan and oat-based beta-glucan preparation (placebo) among patients ( = 7) with quiescent UC was performed.

An atlas of genetic determinants of forearm fracture.

Osteoporotic fracture is among the most common and costly of diseases. While reasonably heritable, its genetic determinants have remained elusive. Forearm fractures are the most common clinically recognized osteoporotic fractures with a relatively high heritability.

The PNPLA3 I148M variant increases ketogenesis and decreases hepatic de novo lipogenesis and mitochondrial function in humans.

The PNPLA3 I148M variant is the major genetic risk factor for all stages of fatty liver disease, but the underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. We studied the effect of this variant on hepatic metabolism in homozygous carriers and non-carriers under multiple physiological conditions with state-of-the-art stable isotope techniques. After an overnight fast, carriers had higher plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations and lower hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) compared to non-carriers.

The open abdomen in trauma, acute care, and vascular and endovascular surgery: comprehensive, expert, narrative review.

Background: The open abdomen is an innovation that greatly improved surgical understanding of damage control, temporary abdominal closure, staged abdominal reconstruction, viscera and enteric fistula care, and abdominal wall reconstruction. This article provides an evidence-informed, expert, comprehensive narrative review of the open abdomen in trauma, acute care, and vascular and endovascular surgery.

Methods: A group of 12 international trauma, acute care, and vascular and endovascular surgery experts were invited to review current literature and important concepts surrounding the open abdomen.

Human visceral adipose tissue microvascular endothelial cell isolation and establishment of co-culture with white adipocytes to analyze cell-cell communication.

Communication between adipocytes and endothelial cells (EC) is suggested to play an important role in the metabolic function of white adipose tissue. In order to generate tools to investigate in detail the physiology and communication of EC and adipocytes, a method for isolation of adipose microvascular EC from visceral adipose tissue (VAT) biopsies of subjects with obesity was developed. Moreover, mature white adipocytes were isolated from the VAT biopsies by a method adapted from a previously published Membrane aggregate adipocytes culture (MAAC) protocol.

Erratum to: "Enhanced Liver Fibrosis® test predicts liver-related outcomes in the general population" (JHEP Reports 2023; 5: 100765).

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.

Recurrence after cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC for pseudomyxoma peritonei: A single-center retrospective cohort study.

Background And Aims: Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare disease characterized by progressive build-up of mucinous deposits inside the abdominal cavity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of disease recurrence on overall survival in patients with PMP after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC).

Methods: One-hundred thirty-two consecutive PMP patients treated with CRS + HIPEC at Helsinki University Hospital between 2008 and 2017 were included.

Bone marrow metabolism is affected by body weight and response to exercise training varies according to anatomical location.

Aim: High body weight is a protective factor against osteoporosis, but obesity also suppresses bone metabolism and whole-body insulin sensitivity. However, the impact of body weight and regular training on bone marrow (BM) glucose metabolism is unclear. We studied the effects of regular exercise training on bone and BM metabolism in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for body weight.

Contribution of intestinal triglyceride-rich lipoproteins to residual atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes on statin therapy.

Aims/hypothesis: This study explored the hypothesis that significant abnormalities in the metabolism of intestinally derived lipoproteins are present in individuals with type 2 diabetes on statin therapy. These abnormalities may contribute to residual CVD risk.

Methods: To investigate the kinetics of ApoB-48- and ApoB-100-containing lipoproteins, we performed a secondary analysis of 11 overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes who were treated with lifestyle counselling and on a stable dose of metformin who were from an earlier clinical study, and compared these with 11 control participants frequency-matched for age, BMI and sex.

Cardiometabolic health in adults born with very low birth weight-a sibling study.

Background: Preterm survivors have increased risk for impaired cardiometabolic health. We assessed glucose regulation and cardiometabolic biomarkers in adult very low birth weight (VLBW, <1500 g) survivors, using siblings as controls.

Methods: VLBW-participants were matched with term-born, same-sex siblings.