The need for surgery in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with biologicals.

Purpose: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in childhood often presents with a more extensive and more aggressive disease course than adult-onset disease. We aimed to evaluate if biological treatment started in childhood decreases the need for intestinal surgery over time.

Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center, cohort study.

The ERA Registry Annual Report 2021: a summary.

Background: The European Renal Association (ERA) Registry collects data on kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). This paper is a summary of the ERA Registry Annual Report 2021, including a comparison across treatment modalities.

Methods: Data was collected from 54 national and regional registries from 36 countries, of which 35 registries from 18 countries contributed individual patient data and 19 registries from 19 countries contributed aggregated data.

Enhanced resolution profiling in twins reveals differential methylation signatures of type 2 diabetes with links to its complications.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) susceptibility is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Previous findings suggest DNA methylation as a potential mechanism in T2D pathogenesis and progression.

Methods: We profiled DNA methylation in 248 blood samples from participants of European ancestry from 7 twin cohorts using a methylation sequencing platform targeting regulatory genomic regions encompassing 2,048,698 CpG sites.

Long-term cognitive and neurovascular changes after carotid endarterectomy.

Background: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been associated with both cognitive decline and improvement, but the underlying neurovascular mechanisms are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between neurovascular indices and cognitive changes after CEA.

Methods: We studied 55 patients with severe (≥70%) symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid stenosis before and six months after CEA.

Risk of Thyroid Cancer in People With Type 1 Diabetes by Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases and Tumor Histology.

Context: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, but little is known about it in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and its potential association with autoimmune diseases.

Objective: This study aims to assess the risk of thyroid cancer in adults with long-term T1D compared to individuals without diabetes and the proposed association of thyroid autoimmune diseases with thyroid cancer.

Methods: The study included 4758 individuals with T1D participating in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study and 12 710 controls.

Metabolic profiling of smoking, associations with type 2 diabetes and interaction with genetic susceptibility.

Background: Smokers are at increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated if the smoking-T2D association is mediated by alterations in the metabolome and assessed potential interaction with genetic susceptibility to diabetes or insulin resistance.

Methods: In UK Biobank (n = 93,722), cross-sectional analyses identified 208 metabolites associated with smoking, of which 131 were confirmed in Mendelian Randomization analyses, including glycoprotein acetyls, fatty acids, and lipids.

Assessing Patient Radiation Exposure in Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis of Procedural Complexity and Clinical Factors.

Background And Aims: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures can result in significant patient radiation exposure. This retrospective multicenter study aimed to assess the influence of procedural complexity and other clinical factors on radiation exposure in ERCP.

Methods: Data on kerma-area product (KAP), air-kerma at the reference point (K), fluoroscopy time, and the number of exposures, and relevant patient, procedure, and operator factors were collected from 2641 ERCP procedures performed at four university hospitals.

Incidence and risk factors for cancer in people with type 1 diabetes, stratified by stages of diabetic kidney disease: a nationwide Finnish cohort study.

Background: Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have been reported to have increased overall risk of cancer. In addition, individuals with a kidney transplant/transplantation (KT) have markedly increased cancer risk due to chronic use of immunosuppressive agents. However, it has not been elucidated whether the observed excess cancer risk is related to KT or whether diabetic kidney disease (DKD) per se is a risk factor for cancer in individuals with T1D.

Reversed Gore Excluder conformable main body as a conduit between branched stent graft limb, common iliac artery, and renal artery.

Renal artery access might not always be achieved due to anatomical reasons during the deployment of a branched stent graft in thoracoabdominal or juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms. Renal perfusion is maintained through the aneurysm sac until the iliac limbs are deployed. To preserve renal perfusion, a branched iliac limb would be needed.

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy procedure volume trends, perioperative mortality, and malpractice claims: Population-based analysis.

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (EGD) is one of the most common diagnostic procedures done to examine the foregut, but it can also be used for therapeutic interventions. The main objectives of this study were to investigate trends in EGD utilization and mortality related to it in a national low-threshold healthcare system, assess perioperative safety, and identify and describe patient-reported malpractice claims from the national database. We retrospectively identified patients from the Finnish Patient Care Registry who underwent diagnostic or procedural EGD between 2010 and 2018.

Characteristics of Delayed Graft Function and Long-Term Outcomes After Kidney Transplantation From Brain-Dead Donors: A Single-Center and Multicenter Registry-Based Retrospective Study.

Delayed graft function (DGF) after kidney transplantation is common and associated with worse graft outcomes. However, little is known about factors affecting graft survival post-DGF. We studied the association of cold ischemia time (CIT) and Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) with the long-term outcomes of deceased brain-dead donor kidneys with and without DGF.

The hidden epidemic: Uncovering incidental fatty liver disease and its metabolic comorbidities by datamining in a hospital data lake - A real-world cohort study.

Aims: To identify individuals with incidental fatty liver disease (FLD), and to evaluate its prevalence, metabolic co-morbidities and impact on follow-up.

Methods: We leveraged the data-lake of Helsinki Uusimaa Hospital district (Finland) with a population of 1.7 million (specialist and primary care).

Hepatic mitochondrial reductive stress in the pathogenesis and treatment of steatotic liver disease.

Steatotic liver diseases (SLDs) affect one-third of the population, but the pathogenesis underlying these diseases is not well understood, limiting the available treatments. A common factor in SLDs is increased hepatic mitochondrial reductive stress, which occurs as a result of excessive lipid and alcohol metabolism. Recent research has also shown that genetic risk factors contribute to this stress.

International Diabetes Federation Position Statement on the 1-hour post-load plasma glucose for the diagnosis of intermediate hyperglycaemia and type 2 diabetes.

Many individuals with intermediate hyperglycaemia (IH), including impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), as presently defined, will progress to type 2 diabetes (T2D). There is confirmatory evidence that T2D can be prevented by lifestyle modification and/or medications, in people with IGT diagnosed by 2-h plasma glucose (PG) during a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Over the last 40 years, a wealth of epidemiological data has confirmed the superior value of 1-h plasma glucose (PG) over fasting PG (FPG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA) and 2-h PG in populations of different ethnicity, sex and age in predicting diabetes and associated complications including death.

Applying a genetic risk score model to enhance prediction of future multiple sclerosis diagnosis at first presentation with optic neuritis.

Optic neuritis (ON) is associated with numerous immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, but 50% patients are ultimately diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Differentiating MS-ON from non-MS-ON acutely is challenging but important; non-MS ON often requires urgent immunosuppression to preserve vision. Using data from the United Kingdom Biobank we showed that combining an MS-genetic risk score (GRS) with demographic risk factors (age, sex) significantly improved MS prediction in undifferentiated ON; one standard deviation of MS-GRS increased the Hazard of MS 1.

Quantitative Multiplexed Analysis of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) and Arginase-1 (ARG1) Expression and Myeloid Cell Infiltration in Colorectal Cancer.

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and arginase-1 (ARG1) are amino acid-metabolizing enzymes, frequently highly expressed in cancer. Their expression may deplete essential amino acids, lead to immunosuppression, and promote cancer growth. Still, their expression patterns, prognostic significance, and spatial localization in the colorectal cancer microenvironment are incompletely understood.

Age-dependent genes in adipose stem and precursor cells affect regulation of fat cell differentiation and link aging to obesity via cellular and genetic interactions.

Background: Age and obesity are dominant risk factors for several common cardiometabolic disorders, and both are known to impair adipose tissue function. However, the underlying cellular and genetic factors linking aging and obesity on adipose tissue function have remained elusive. Adipose stem and precursor cells (ASPCs) are an understudied, yet crucial adipose cell type due to their deterministic adipocyte differentiation potential, which impacts the capacity to store fat in a metabolically healthy manner.

Metabolic syndrome and epigenetic aging: a twin study.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with premature aging, but whether this association is driven by genetic or lifestyle factors remains unclear.

Methods: Two independent discovery cohorts, consisting of twins and unrelated individuals, were examined (N = 268, aged 23-69 years). The findings were replicated in two cohorts from the same base population.

Developing eHealth for Home Dialysis: Clinicians' Needs for a Digital Patient Engagement Platform.

eHealth solutions such as digital patient engagement platforms (DPEPs) aim at enhancing communication and collaboration between patients and clinicians. From the clinicians' viewpoint, concerns exist about new information systems (IS) leading to increased workload and interoperability problems. This article aims to support the development and implementation of DPEPs from the end-users' perspective.

Short- and Long-Term Survival among Elderly Colorectal Cancer Patients in Finland, 2006-2015: A Nationwide Population-Based Registry Study.

This population-based registry study aimed to report 30-day and one-year postoperative survival, five-year overall survival (OS), and disease-specific survival (DSS) among elderly (≥75 years old) colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. All new colorectal cancer cases from 2006-2015 were included and followed until death or the end of follow-up (end of 2016). Among 27,088 CRC patients, 11,306 patients were ≥75 years old.

The Operating Room management for emergency Surgical Activity (ORSA) study: a WSES international survey.

Background: Despite advances and improvements in the management of surgical patients, emergency and trauma surgery is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This may be due in part to delays in definitive surgical management in the operating room (OR). There is a lack of studies focused on OR prioritization and resource allocation in emergency surgery.