Advances in Theranostic Approaches and Emerging Biomarkers of Diabetes Mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic conditions in the world [...

Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score is a novel marker of type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic microvascular complications.

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its microvascular complications are characterized by chronic inflammation. The Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score is a tool used to assess nutritional status and is often associated indirectly with inflammatory processes. We aimed to compare the CONUT scores of T2DM patients with those of healthy volunteers and to compare T2DM patients with and without microvascular complications.

Three years' interventional neurology experience in Turkey with the Thrombite thrombectomy device in large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation: safety, efficacy, and clinical outcome.

Introduction: While the Thrombite device differs from the Solitare stent with its Helical open-side structure feature, it shows great similarity with its other features. We assessed the Thrombite device's effectiveness and safety in this study.

Materials And Methods: The study was a retrospective analysis of patients who were included in the Turkish Interventional Neurology database and who had mechanical thrombectomy with the Thrombite device as the first choice between January 2020 and January 2023.

Serum C-reactive protein to albumin ratio as a reliable marker of diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

In various diseases characterized by inflammation, the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) serves as a marker of inflammation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is frequently complicated by diabetic neuropathy (DN) and timely diagnosis is crucial for treatment and potential reversal of this complication. Since both DN and T2DM are associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation, our study aimed to evaluate CAR levels in type 2 diabetic subjects with DN and compare them to those in subjects without DN.

SERUM URIC ACID TO HDL CHOLESTEROL RATIO IS ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETIC CONTROL IN NEW ONSET TYPE 2 DIABETIC POPULATION.

Since uric acid to HDL cholesterol ratio (UHR) is proposed as a novel predictor of metabolic and inflammatory disorders, we aimed to study UHR levels in patients with new onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and compare them to those in healthy controls. Patients with new onset T2DM were enrolled and control subjects were volunteers to participate without any established diseases. Laboratory data including UHR, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were compared.

Current usage of long-acting insulin analogs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: Insulin treatment is fundamental to diabetes management. Basal insulin therapy reduces intraday glycemic fluctuations upon reaching a steady state. Besides better blood glucose regulation and achieving target HbA1c values in patients, it also offers protection from diabetes complications.

FACTORS AFFECTING PROGNOSIS AND MORTALITY IN SEVERE COVID-19 PNEUMONIA PATIENTS.

Fatality rate in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases has been reported to be 3.4% worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors that determine prognosis and mortality in severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients.

Could a reduced hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score predict autoimmune hepatitis and degree of liver fibrosis?

Objective: Autoimmune hepatitis is a rare inflammatory disease of the liver that is characterized by elevated liver enzymes. The hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score, which is derived from hemoglobin, serum albumin, circulating lymphocyte count, and platelet count, is also associated with inflammatory conditions. The aim was to examine the hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score of patients with autoimmune hepatitis and to compare it to that of healthy individuals in this retrospective analysis.

Comparison of the Short-Term Effect of Coffee, Energy Drink, and Water on the Eyes in Young Healthy Subjects.

Purpose: We aim to compare the short-term effects of energy drink (ED), coffee, and water on the eyes of young healthy male subjects.

Materials And Methods: The right eyes of 30 healthy male subjects were included in this study. We measured the intraocular pressure (IOP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), retinal thickness (RT), choroidal thickness (CT), and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT).

A rare cause of dysarthria: Legionnaires' disease.

Purpose/aim Of The Study: A case admitted with dysarthria and syncope and hyperintense lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum, diagnosed as Legionnaires' disease by detecting Legionella antigen in the urine, and recovered only with antibiotic treatment is presented because it is rare in the literature.

Materials And Methods: When a 64-year-old female patient was admitted to the emergency department with complaints of sudden loss of consciousness and fainting at home, she had speech impairment, and her pulse oxygen saturation in room air was 88%. In the neurological examination, there was no pathological finding except dysarthria in the patient with no motor deficit.

Control Level of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly Is Associated with Polypharmacy, Accompanied Comorbidities, and Various Increased Risks According to the Beers Criteria.

Comorbidity rates in the geriatric population have increased because of rising life expectancy; thus, patients have had to use more medications. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, one of the most common diseases, may influence the number of drugs used in geriatric patients. The present study was designed to investigate the association between the level of type 2 DM and polypharmacy.

Association between the Prognostic Nutritional Index and Chronic Microvascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is associated with inflammatory conditions. Since type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its microvascular complications produce a significant inflammatory burden, we aimed to compare the PNI levels of the subjects with T2DM to those of healthy individuals. Furthermore, we aimed to compare the PNI levels of the diabetic subjects, with and without microvascular complications.

The Role of the Multi-Inflammatory Index as a Novel Predictor of Hospital Mortality in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Background and objective Ischemic strokes account for the majority of all strokes. The severity of an acute ischemic stroke (AIS) can be estimated with the help of a number of different scoring systems. However, there is a need for bedside tests that will support the clinical diagnosis and thus help predict the severity of stroke.

Could Zonulin and Presepsin Be Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Acute Myocarditis?

Background: The diagnosis of acute myocarditis is usually made with clinical and laboratory parameters. This can sometimes be mixed up with diseases that have similar clinical features, making the diagnosis difficult. Therefore, the use of more specific biomarkers, in addition to the classically used biomarkers such as troponin, will accelerate the diagnosis.

Evaluation of Hepatic/Renal and Splenic/Renal Echointensity Ratio Using Ultrasonography in Diabetic Nephropathy.

The objective of this study is to assess the hepatic/renal and splenic/renal echointensity ratios in ultrasonography in patients with and without diabetic nephropathy. This retrospective study included patients with diabetes mellitus who underwent ultrasound examinations at our hospital between January 2023 and May 2023. Ultrasound examinations were conducted using renal cortical echogenicity and corticomedullary differentiation by using B-mode ultrasonography.

Unilateral Absence of the Latissimus Dorsi: A Report of a Rare Case.

The latissimus dorsi is the largest muscle in the human body, located in the lower posterior thorax, and it contributes to motion in the upper extremity and provides assistance in respiration. This case report describes a rare occurrence of a unilateral absence of the latissimus dorsi accompanied by contralateral scoliosis in a 73-year-old female cadaver. The absence of the muscle along with the absence of the thoracodorsal nerve and branches of the subscapular and axillary arteries was identified during a standard dissection course.

Could Systemic Inflammatory Index Predict Diabetic Kidney Injury in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

Background: The systemic inflammatory index (SII) is a new inflammatory marker that has been the subject of various studies in diseases with chronic inflammation. Diabetic nephropathy is a disease associated with chronic inflammation. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between SII and diabetic nephropathy.

Is serum uric acid-to-HDL cholesterol ratio elevation associated with diabetic kidney injury?

Objectives: Diabetic kidney injury (DKI) is a serious microvascular complicationof type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Novel markers are being developedto make a timely diagnosis of this complication. Uric Acid to HDLratio (UHR) was reported to be associated with inflammatory andmetabolic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetesmellitus, thyroiditis, and nonalcoholic hepatosteatosis, recently.

Effects of the Presence Rate of the Palmaris Longus Tendon on Wrist Proprioception and Grip Strength.

Introduction: The palmaris longus muscle displays a great variation in terms of incidence and shape. This study has documented the incidence ratio of this muscle among the students at Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, and has revealed the effects of its presence on wrist proprioception and grip strength.

Methods: A total of 101 students between the ages of 18 and 25 were included in the study.

Treatment of type 2 diabetes patients with heart conditions.

Introduction: While type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of cardiac complications, diabetes treatment choices may increase or decrease the rates of cardiac events. In the present review, we comprehensively discussed the treatment options of diabetic subjects with cardiac conditions.

Areas Covered: Current evidence related to diabetes treatment in cardiac situations has been reviewed.

Coexistence of COVID-19, Pseudomonas, and thoracic actinomycosis in a cystic bronchiectasis case.

Actinomycosis often leads to cervicofacial infections, but thoracic involvement may also occur. However, the development of empyema is rare. While being followed up with the diagnosis of asthma and bronchiectasis, our case was hospitalized for infected bronchiectasis.

A Novel Inflammatory Marker for the Diagnosis of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Platelet-Count-to-Lymphocyte-Count Ratio.

Background: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a chronic autoimmune thyroiditis that causes systemic inflammation in the body, leading to hypothyroidism and an enlargement of the thyroid gland.

Objectives: This study aims to reveal whether there is a relationship between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and the platelet-count-to-lymphocyte-count ratio (PLR), which is used as a new inflammatory marker.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we compared the PLR of the euthyroid HT group and the hypothyroid-thyrotoxic HT group to the controls.

Endobronchial Actinomycosis: A Case Report.

An extremely rare disease with a slow course, actinomycosis has a high mortality risk when not properly treated. Pulmonary actinomycosis is clinically and radiologically analogous with tuberculosis, foreign body aspiration, lung abscess, or lung cancer. Therefore, it often causes misdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis.

Post-COVID Pulmonary Function Test Evaluation.

Objective: Since the lung is the most affected organ by COVID-19 disease, we aimed to evaluate the pulmonary function test, presence of hypoxemia, and Post-COVID-19 Functional Status Scale in 3- to 6-month post-COVID period.

Material And Methods: Post-COVID-19 Functional Status Scale, pulse oxygen saturation, and pulmonary function test were evaluated in 67 outpatients/inpatients after 3-6 months following COVID-19 (positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal swab) disease. Pre-COVID pulmonary function test parameters were available in 33 patients, and these were compared with post-COVID pulmonary function test parameters.