Mortality and cancer incidence in the UK glass reinforced plastics manufacturing industry: a cohort study.

Objectives: According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, styrene is probably carcinogenic for lymphohaematopoietic neoplasms, with insufficient evidence for other cancer sites. We compared mortality and cancer incidence (for the first time) in a UK cohort occupationally exposed to high levels of styrene to that of the general population of England and Wales.

Methods: The follow-up for mortality ran from 1969 to 2022, while the follow-up for cancer incidence ran from 1971 to 2020.

Sex-mediated effects of transglutaminase 2 inhibition on endothelial function in human resistance arteries from diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is an enzyme with multiple conformations. In its open conformation, TG2 exhibits transamidase activity linked to fibrosis, arterial remodeling, and endothelial dysfunction, a process enhanced by high glucose in endothelial cells. However, the closed conformation of TG2 contributes to transmembrane signaling and nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasorelaxation.

Beyond Asexual: Genomics-Driven Progress in Unveiling Sexual Reproduction in Cereal Rust Fungi.

Recent advances in genomics technologies have revolutionized our understanding of cereal rust fungi, providing unprecedented insights into the complexities of their sexual life cycle. Genomic approaches, including long-read sequencing, genome assembly, and haplotype phasing technologies, have revealed critical insights into mating systems, genetic diversity, virulence evolution, and host adaptation. Population genomics studies have uncovered diverse reproductive strategies across different cereal rust species and geographic regions, highlighting the interplay between sexual recombination and asexual reproduction.

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Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is emerging as a novel treatment for systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. To date, CAR-T therapy in rheumatology has been reported only in case studies and conference abstracts, but clinical trial results are forthcoming. Current evidence indicates a rapid and highly effective therapeutic response with a favourable side effect profile, suggesting that CD19 CAR-T therapy could be beneficially established for these conditions.

Distributive justice, best options and organ markets: a reply to Semrau.

How important is it, morally speaking, that banning the sale of organs removes the best option available to would-be organ sellers? According to a widespread argument called the best option argument, this is very important. In a recent article I criticised such reasoning, drawing on considerations of distributive justice. Luke Semrau has argued that I have misunderstood the best option argument.

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Cardiac arrest (CA) survivorship is associated with risk of cognitive deficits, emotional and social consequences. Early recognition of these symptoms and referral to rehabilitation is considered to be the fifth link in the chain of survival. This review highlights the need for a national standardized care plan for CA survivors based on a multidisciplinary approach.

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Direct current (DC) cardioversion is an everyday clinical procedure used to restore sinus rhythm from atrial fibrillation. This review summarises the current state of art in Denmark. Sufficient anticoagulation must be ensured before DC cardioversion to reduce the risk of thromboembolism.

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Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) remains a challenging aspect of managing patients with cancer. This review discusses evidence regarding anticoagulants in the treatment of CAT, with particular emphasis on direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). Apixaban, rivaroxaban and edoxaban have proven attractive alternatives to low-molecular weight heparins, and interactions with medical cancer treatment does not pose a major challenge.

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Up to 70% of all sudden cardiac deaths (SCD) in persons under 50 years are due to inherited cardiovascular diseases. First-degree relatives to younger SCD patients should be evaluated for inherited cardiovascular disease, as argued in this review. An improved understanding of SCD subtypes and genetics is expected to improve risk stratification and SCD prevention.

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This review outlines the workflow for patients and relatives with suspected inherited cardiovascular disease, diagnostic criteria, inheritance patterns, and »red flags« for selected conditions. Evaluation for inherited cardiovascular disease typically includes the index patient (proband) and relatives, emphasizing the importance of assessment at specialized clinics. Most inherited cardiovascular conditions have an autosomal dominant inheritance, but other patterns are seen.

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Aortic valve replacement is the common treatment of choice for severe aortic valve insufficiency (AI). AI is often caused by aortic root dilatation which leads to valve incompetence despite structurally normal valve leaflets. For this condition, aortic repair surgery with ring annuloplasty is considered a potentially superior option.

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This review presents the current updated knowledge of the treatment of spondylolisthesis (SL). The prevalence of SL is dependent on age, gender, and race. Symptoms include lower back pain, radiating pain and neurological deficits.

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Preoperative virtual surgical planning and the use of 3D-printed patient-specific models and cutting guides are increasingly being used in the reconstruction of mandibular defects with a free bone flap. This technology offers several advantages over conventional surgery, such as reduced operating time, reduced bone flap ischaemia time, and the ability to perform more complex and precise reconstructions. This review presents the evidence supporting 3D-assisted surgery for mandibular defect reconstruction and discusses the utilisation of commercial vendors versus in-house 3D-printing solutions.

Directional deep brain stimulation electrodes in Parkinson's disease: meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature.

Background: Since their introduction in 2015, directional leads have practically replaced conventional leads for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Yet, the benefits of directional DBS (dDBS) over omnidirectional DBS (oDBS) remain unclear. This meta-analysis and systematic review compares the literature on dDBS and oDBS for PD.

Barriers, facilitators, and other factors associated with health behaviors in childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer survivors: A systematic review.

Background: Healthy behaviors are paramount in preventing long-term adverse health outcomes in childhood, adolescent, and young adult (CAYA) cancer survivors. We systematically reviewed and synthesized existing literature on barriers, facilitators, and other factors associated with health behaviors in this population.

Methods: MEDLINE and PsycInfo were searched for qualitative and quantitative studies including survivors aged 16-50 years at study, a cancer diagnosis ≤25 years and ≥2 years post diagnosis.

Can large language models help solve the cost problem for the right to explanation?

By now a consensus has emerged that people, when subjected to high-stakes decisions through automated decision systems, have a moral right to have these decisions explained to them. However, furnishing such explanations can be costly. So the right to an explanation creates what we call the cost problem: providing subjects of automated decisions with appropriate explanations of the grounds of these decisions can be costly for the companies and organisations that use these automated decision systems.

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Patients with cancer and pre-existing severe mental disorder, which include moderate to severe depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, are known to have reduced life expectancy and are less likely to get recommended cancer treatment. Barriers at patient-, provider- and system level have been identified, e.g.

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This review presents a simplified model to understand better how disease-modifying anti-inflammatory drugs (DMAIDs) work in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) with a focus on rheumatology, dermatology, and gastroenterology. In this model, IMIDs are listed on a spectrum from autoinflammatory to autoimmune characterised by the involvement of either mostly the innate or the adaptive immune system. DMAIDs specifically target these immune components and have shown efficacy in distinct IMIDs.

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Nuclear medicine imaging for prostate cancer has advanced significantly over the past decade. A survey is presented in this review. PSMA-PET/CT is a new highly accurate method that has been introduced, but bone scans and bone-PET continue to be widely applied.

Visualizing multilayer spatiotemporal epidemiological data with animated geocircles.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the value of geospatial visual analytics for both epidemiologists and the general public. However, systems struggled to encode temporal and geospatial trends of multiple, potentially interacting variables, such as active cases, deaths, and vaccinations. We sought to ask (1) how epidemiologists interact with visual analytics tools, (2) how multiple, time-varying, geospatial variables can be conveyed in a unified view, and (3) how complex spatiotemporal encodings affect utility for both experts and non-experts.

Study protocol: effects of exercise booster sessions on preservation of exercise-induced adaptations in persons with multiple sclerosis, a multicentre randomised controlled trial-the MS BOOSTER trial.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes a broad range of symptoms, with physical function being one of the most disabling consequences according to patients themselves. Exercise effectively improves lower extremity physical function. Nonetheless, it is unknown which exercise modality is most effective and it remains challenging to keep persons with MS adhering to exercise over a longer period.

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This case report details a rare case of contraceptive implant migration in a young woman. The migration was discovered three years post-insertion during a routine replacement visit. Despite the absence of pulmonary symptoms, a CT scan revealed the implant in the inferior lobe of the right lung.