Cardiovascular and Metabolic Effects of Modulating Circulating Ketone Bodies With 1,3-Butanediol in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Background: Oral treatment with the exogenous ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate improves cardiac function in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, but ketosis is limited to 3 to 4 hours. Treatment with (R)-1,3-butanediol (BD) provides prolonged ketosis in healthy controls, but the hemodynamic and metabolic profile is unexplored in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Methods And Results: This was a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.

Allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for children with refractory systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and associated lung disease: outcomes from an international, retrospective cohort study.

Background: Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis-related lung disease (sJIA-LD) is a severe complication in patients with treatment-refractory systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) in a cohort of children with sJIA-LD.

Methods: This international, retrospective cohort study was performed in nine hospitals across the USA and Europe in children with sJIA-LD who had received allogeneic HSCT.

Linking Foraging Behaviour and Habitat Preferences During Moult Across Multiple Populations of Red-Throated Diver.

Understanding the habitat use of individuals can facilitate methods to measure the degree to which populations will be affected by potential stressors. Such insights can be hard to garner for marine species that are inaccessible during phases of their annual cycles. Here, we quantify the link between foraging habitat and behaviour in an aquatic bird of high conservation concern, the red-throated diver () across three breeding populations (Finland, Iceland and Scotland) during their understudied moult period.

Arthropod Food Webs in the Foreland of a Retreating Greenland Glacier: Integrating Molecular Gut Content Analysis With Structural Equation Modelling.

The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the global average since 1979, resulting in rapid glacier retreat and exposing new glacier forelands. These forelands offer unique experimental settings to explore how global warming impacts ecosystems, particularly for highly climate-sensitive arthropods. Understanding these impacts can help anticipate future biodiversity and ecosystem changes under ongoing warming scenarios.

Congestive heart failure after anthracycline-containing treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma: A Swedish matched cohort study.

Introduction: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a known complication after anthracyclines and radiotherapy for classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Contemporary cHL treatment may be associated with less risk because radiotherapy use and techniques have changed substantially over time.

Methods: In this study, Swedish cHL patients diagnosed in 2000-2018, and treated with adriamycin [doxorubicin], bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) or bleomycin, etoposide, Adriamycin [doxorubicin], cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (BEACOPP), were matched 1:10 to the general population on birth year and sex to investigate relative rates and cumulative risks of CHF.

Radiobiology and modelling in Brachytherapy: A review inspired by the ESTRO Brachytherapy pre-meeting course.

Brachytherapy (BT) plays a key role in cancer treatment by delivering a high dose to a small volume over a short time. The use of BT is currently validated in a wide range of cancers such as cervical, prostate and breast cancers while being a favourable choice for organ preservation, such as in penile or rectal cancer, or in the setting of reirradiation. Consideration of the radiobiology of BT is integral to the choices made around dose and fractionation and combination with other techniques such as external beam radiotherapy (EBRT).

Resolving Heterogeneity in CO Uptake Potential in the Greenland Coastal Ocean.

The oceans play a pivotal role in mitigating climate change by sequestering approximately 25% of annually emitted carbon dioxide (CO). High-latitude oceans, especially the Arctic continental shelves, emerge as crucial CO sinks due to their cold, low saline, and highly productive ecosystems. However, these heterogeneous regions remain inadequately understood, hindering accurate assessments of their carbon dynamics.

The Core of the Matter-Importance of Identification Method and Biological Replication for Benthic Marine Monitoring.

Benthic macrofauna are important and widely used biological indicators of marine ecosystems as they have limited mobility and therefore integrate the effects of local environmental stressors over time. Recently, environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has provided a potentially more resource-efficient approach for benthic biomonitoring than traditional morphology-based methods. Several studies have compared eDNA with morphology-based monitoring, but few have compared the two approaches using the exact same sediment cores.

Effects of dopamine β-hydroxylase inhibition in pressure overload-induced right ventricular failure.

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system is observed in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. This study investigates whether inhibiting the conversion of dopamine into noradrenaline by dopamine -hydroxylase (DH) inhibition with BIA 21-5337 improved right ventricular (RV) function or remodeling in pressure overload-induced RV failure. RV failure was induced in male Wistar rats by pulmonary trunk banding (PTB).

Quantitative pulmonary perfusion in acute pulmonary embolism and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

Current methods for quantifying perfusion from computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) often rely on semi-quantitative scoring systems and requires an experienced evaluator. Few studies report on absolute quantitative variables derived from the images, and the methods are varied with mixed results. Dual-energy CTPA (DE-CTPA) enables automatic quantification of lung and lobar perfusion with minimal user interaction by utilizing machine learning based software.

Substantial Insect Herbivory in a South African Savanna-Forest Mosaic: A Neglected Topic.

Insect herbivory plays a crucial role in shaping plant communities in many terrestrial ecosystems. However, in African savannas, insect herbivory has been relatively understudied compared to large mammalian herbivory. In this study, we examined the impact of insect herbivory, focusing on leaf chewers and miners, in a South African savanna-forest mosaic (including patches of forest, thicket and savanna) in Hluhluwe iMfolozi Park, South Africa.

Dune Hares: Population Indices, Home Range Size, and Habitat Selection of the European Hare on a Danish Island.

Population indices, such as transect counts of animals, can provide important information concerning population changes over time. Moreover, data concerning the home range size and habitat selection of individuals can provide valuable insight into spatial requirements of animals and how they can adapt to variable environments. Here, we describe the population development of European hares () and investigated home range sizes and habitat selection of six radio-tagged individuals on the small (80 ha) Danish Wadden Sea island Langli.

Demographic History and Inbreeding in Two Declining Sea Duck Species Inferred From Whole-Genome Sequence Data.

Anthropogenic impact has transitioned from threatening already rare species to causing significant declines in once numerous organisms. Long-tailed duck () and velvet scoter () were once important quarry sea duck species in NW Europe, but recent declines resulted in their reclassification as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. We sequenced and assembled genomes for both species and resequenced 15 individuals of each.

Ultrafast photophysics of -substituted 2,5-bis(arylethynyl) rhodacyclopentadienes: thermally activated intersystem crossing.

2,5-Bis(phenylethynyl) rhodacyclopentadienes (RCPDs), as a type of Rh(iii) complex, exhibit unusually intense fluorescence and slow intersystem crossing (ISC) due to weak metal-ligand interactions. However, details on their ultrafast photophysics and ISC dynamics are limited. In this work, electronic relaxation upon photoexcitation of two substituted RCPDs with two -COMe (A-RC-A) or -NMe/-COMe (D-RC-A) end groups are comprehensively investigated using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and theoretical analysis.

Evidence for feminized genetic males in a flea beetle using newly identified X-linked markers.

The equilibrium of sex ratios in sexually reproducing species is often disrupted by various environmental and genetic factors, including endosymbionts like . In this study, we explore the highly female-biased sex ratio observed in the flea beetle, , and its underlying mechanisms. Ancient hybridization events between species have led to mitochondrial DNA introgression, resulting in distinct mitochondrial haplotypes that go along with different infections (HT1-wLytA1, HT1*- uninfected, HT2-wLytA2, and HT3-wLytB).

Radial head arthroplasty diameter impact on elbow kinematics evaluated by dynamic radiostereometric analysis.

Purpose: Radial head arthroplasty (RHA) reestablishes elbow stability after complex radial head fracture, but complication rates are high, possibly due to inappropriate implant sizing. Knowledge of impact of radial head implant diameter on elbow kinematics is limited and warranted. This study evaluated elbow kinematics of different radial head implant diameters after RHA using dynamic radiostereometric analysis (dRSA).

Dining in danger: Resolving adaptive fish behavior increases realism of modeled ecosystem dynamics.

Animals occupying higher trophic levels can have disproportionately large influence on ecosystem structure and functioning, owning to intricate behavioral responses to their environment, but the effects of behavioral adaptations on aquatic ecosystem dynamics are underrepresented, especially in model studies. Here, we explore how adaptive behavior of fish can affect the dynamics of aquatics ecosystems. We frame fish behavior in the context of the central trade-off between feeding and predation, calculating the optimal level of feeding determined by ambient food availability and predation risk.

Expanded graphite with boron-doping for cathode materials of high-capacity and stable aluminum ion batteries.

Recently, aluminum ion batteries (AIBs) have attracted more attention due to the reliable, cost-effective, and air-stable Al metal anode. Among various cathode materials of AIBs, graphite was paid more attention owing to its high-voltage plateau and stable properties in storing chloroaluminate anions (AlCl ). However, its low capacity limits the real application and can not satisfy the requirements of modern society.

Revascularization Therapies for Ischemic Stroke and Association With Risk of Epilepsy: A Danish Nationwide Register-Based Study.

Background: The association between stroke revascularization therapies and poststroke epilepsy is only sparsely investigated, and results are conflicting. The aim of this study is to investigate whether stroke revascularization therapies are associated with different risks of poststroke epilepsy.

Methods And Results: We conducted a nationwide, register-based, propensity score-matched cohort study.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Platelet Aggregation, and Cardiovascular Risk.

Background: Although related, the precise mechanisms linking obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are unclear. Platelets are mediators of CVD risk and thrombosis and prior studies suggested associations of OSA and platelet activity. The aim of this study is to assess the link between OSA, platelet activity, and CVD-related risk factors.