Barriers and new opportunities in developing effective therapies for diabetic neuropathy: International expert consensus recommendations.

Background: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) affects up to half of individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Despite evidence that improving metabolic and cardiovascular health can slow its progression, DN remains a significant clinical challenge due to the lack of disease-modifying therapies and effective pain management strategies. This consensus aimed to identify gaps and recommend strategies to address these challenges.

Critical Review of Guidelines for Type B Aortic Dissection.

The management of type B aortic dissection is one of the most challenging and debated topics in contemporary cardiovascular surgery practice. Patients with acute or chronic dissection-related complications, face high morbidity and mortality if not treated promptly. For most patients requiring intervention, thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is considered the gold standard.

A quasi-experimental study of general practices' referral to mammography in the post-trials treatment era.

Background: Improvements in breast cancer therapy since the randomized controlled trials of mammography screening might have reduced the screening benefit. Most observational studies of mammography effectiveness would be confounded by these improvements and other factors. Using a design resistant to this confounding, we evaluated whether mammography in asymptomatic women reduces breast cancer mortality during the treatment era succeeding the trials.

Organizational resilience in emergency healthcare: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic in five Danish hospitals.

The COVID-19 pandemic created significant challenges for healthcare professionals and the provision of hospital care, leading to immense stress and rapidly changing conditions. Hospitals had to constantly adapt their organizational structures and strategies to manage the crisis. This study examines the organizational responses of Danish emergency hospitals during the first COVID-19 surge, focusing on resilience in anticipation, coping, and learning.

The 2024 Assisi think tank on breast cancer: Focus on the use of a tumour bed boost after breast conserving therapy.

At the Fifth Assisi Think Tank Meeting (ATTM) on breast cancer, one key topic was the role of tumor bed boost in invasive breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ. The need for a tumor bed boost after whole breast irradiation is controversial. A literature review assessed boost indications, target volume definition, techniques, dose fractionation, and ongoing trials.

Romosozumab Improves Tissue Thickness-Adjusted Trabecular Bone Score in Women With Osteoporosis and Diabetes.

Context: Trabecular bone score (TBS), a gray-level texture index derived from lumbar spine (LS) dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, is decreased in patients with diabetes and is associated with increased fracture risk, independent of areal bone mineral density (aBMD), but potentially influenced by abdominal fat tissue.

Objective: Evaluate effect of romosozumab (210 mg monthly) for 12 months followed by alendronate (70 mg weekly) for 24 months vs alendronate alone (70 mg weekly) for 36 months on LS aBMD and TBS in women with type 2 diabetes (T2D) enrolled in the ARCH study.

Methods: This post hoc analysis included women from ARCH who had T2D at baseline and LS DXA scans at baseline and ≥1 postbaseline visit (romosozumab-to-alendronate, n = 165; alendronate-to-alendronate, n = 195).

Rapid stimulation of protein synthesis in digesting snakes: Unveiling a novel gut-pancreas-muscle axis.

Aim: Snakes exhibit remarkable physiological shifts when their large meals induce robust postprandial growth after prolonged fasting. To understand the regulatory mechanisms underlying this rapid metabolic transition, we examined the regulation of protein synthesis in pythons, focusing on processes driving early postprandial tissue remodeling and growth.

Methods: Using the SUnSET method with puromycin labeling, we measured in vivo protein synthesis in fasting and digesting snakes at multiple post-feeding intervals.

One tube for all: 1-year outcomes after transition to Paul glaucoma implant at a tertiary centre.

Purpose: To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect and success rate of Paul glaucoma implant (PGI) in refractory glaucoma after changing practice pattern from Ahmed and Baerveldt tubes to PGI.

Methods: A prospective observational study of the first 50 consecutive PGI surgeries at a single Danish tertiary centre from January 2022 to October 2023. Primary endpoints were IOP and success rates after 12 months.

Measuring self-similarity in empirical signals to understand musical beat perception.

Experiencing music often entails the perception of a periodic beat. Despite being a widespread phenomenon across cultures, the nature and neural underpinnings of beat perception remain largely unknown. In the last decade, there has been a growing interest in developing methods to probe these processes, particularly to measure the extent to which beat-related information is contained in behavioral and neural responses.

High-dose glucocorticoids in the treatment of postoperative pain after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery-protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is widely used in lung cancer surgery, as this technique causes less pain and faster recovery than open thoracotomy. However, significant postoperative pain persists in a number of patients, often leading to increased opioid use and opioid-related adverse events in addition to prolonged admission times. Perioperatively administered glucocorticoids have been demonstrated effective in reducing pain after other types of surgeries, but the effect in VATS remains unclear.

Exploring the tipping point: a qualitative study of labour marked experiences among young people with first episode of schizophrenia.

Purpose: Work holds significant value in the lives of most individuals, impacting various aspects such as identity, health, and the economy. However, young individuals with schizophrenia often encounter challenges in accessing and maintaining employment. Despite this, knowledge regarding their experiences with labor market is sparse.

Control of Neonatal Diarrhea in Piglets with Reduced Antibiotic Use by Application of a Complementary Feed-A Randomized Controlled Farm Trial.

The objective of this farm trial was to investigate if the consumption of antibiotics could be reduced when piglets showing early signs of neonatal diarrhea were treated with an oral dose of tannin extract derived from sweet chestnut wood. The farm had a very high incidence of neonatal diarrhea among gilt litters. Gilts were randomized into test or control groups in a 1:1 ratio to compare the consumption of antibiotics used for piglets and piglet mortality during the four-week trial period.

Metabolic Differences in Neuroimaging with [F]FDG in Rats Under Isoflurane and Hypnorm-Dormicum.

Background: Anesthesia can significantly impact positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging in preclinical studies. Therefore, understanding these effects is crucial for accurate interpretation of the results. In this experiment, we investigate the effect of [F]-labeled glucose analog fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]FDG) uptake in the brains of rats anesthetized with two commonly used anesthetics for rodents: isoflurane, an inhalation anesthetic, and Hypnorm-Dormicum, a combination injection anesthetic.

Introducing ActiveInference.jl: A Julia Library for Simulation and Parameter Estimation with Active Inference Models.

We introduce a new software package for the Julia programming language, the library ActiveInference.jl. To make active inference agents with Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) generative models available to the growing research community using Julia, we re-implemented the pymdp library for Python.

Care professionals' experiences and mediation of conditions for well-functioning interprofessional collaboration: a mixed-methods case study of rehabilitation pathways in Danish home care.

There is a growing interest in understanding the conditions that facilitate and hinder well-functioning interprofessional collaborations in healthcare. However, important knowledge gaps persist regarding the significance of context conditions and how different professional groups contribute to mediating conditions. To address these gaps, we conducted a mixed-method single-case study using surveys, interviews, and observations.

Recognition of by the pattern recognition molecules langerin, mannan-binding lectin, and surfactant protein D: the influence of capsular polysaccharides and wall teichoic acid.

The innate immune system plays a critical role in the rapid recognition and elimination of pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Among these PRRs are the C-type lectins (CTLs) langerin, mannan-binding lectin (MBL), and surfactant protein D (SP-D), which recognize carbohydrate patterns on pathogens. Each represents proteins from different compartments of the body and employs separate effector mechanisms.

The scope of emergency nursing viewed through the lens of complex adaptive systems: A discussion paper.

Across the world, emergency department nurses care for patients around the clock all year long. They perform tasks ranging from direct nursing care to managing patient flow, working in an environment characterised by interdependencies among numerous actors. The complex context in which emergency nurses operate has not been thoroughly described or discussed, indicating a knowledge gap.

Xanthine oxidase-lactoperoxidase system: Dose-dependent antibacterial effects and global gene expression changes in infant oral microbiota.

Xanthine oxidase (XO) and lactoperoxidase (LPO) are highly abundant enzymes in milk. Their substrates, xanthine and thiocyanate, are found in elevated amounts in infant saliva, leading to a proposed interaction between milk and saliva referred to as the XO-LPO system. This system is suggested to generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species with potential antibacterial effects.

Involving national stakeholders in a systems approach to map drivers of childhood obesity and actions to prevent childhood obesity in Denmark: the Generation Healthy Kids Study.

Background: Childhood obesity is a preventable global public health challenge, increasingly recognized as a complex problem, stemming from complex drivers. Obesity is characterized by multiple interdependencies and diverse influences at different societal levels. Tackling childhood obesity calls for a holistic approach that engages with complexity and recognizes that there is no single "magic bullet" intervention to prevent obesity.

Colorectal carcinogenesis in the Lynch syndromes and familial adenomatous polyposis: trigger events and downstream consequences.

Carcinogenesis encompasses processes that lead to increased mutation rates, enhanced cellular division (tumour growth), and invasive growth. Colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis in carriers of pathogenic APC (path_APC) and pathogenic mismatch repair gene (path_MMR) variants is initiated by a second hit affecting the corresponding wild-type allele. In path_APC carriers, second hits result in the development of multiple adenomas, with CRC typically emerging after an additional 20 years.

Fast vocal-motor tracking of escaping prey in echolocating bats.

Background: Echolocating bats face an intense arms race with insect prey that can detect bat calls and initiate evasive maneuvers. Their high closing speeds and short biosonar ranges leave bats with only a few 100 ms between detection and capture, suggesting a reactive sensory-motor operation that might preclude tracking of escaping prey. Here we test this hypothesis using greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis) as a model species.

Cryo-EM analysis of complement C3 reveals a reversible major opening of the macroglobulin ring.

The C3 protein is the central molecule within the complement system and undergoes proteolytic activation to C3b in the presence of pathogens. Pattern-independent activation of C3 also occurs via hydrolysis, resulting in C3(HO), but the structural details of C3 hydrolysis remain elusive. Here we show that the conformation of the C3(HO) analog, C3MA, is indistinguishable from C3b.

Association between symptom characteristics and disease severity in patients suspected of coronary artery disease.

Background: Discrepancies often exist between patient-reported symptoms and diagnostic test findings in patients with suspected obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD).

Objectives: To quantify the association between patient-reported symptoms and the diagnosis of severe stenosis in patients with suspected obstructive CAD.

Methods: Two large-scale cohorts of patients with new-onset symptoms suggestive of obstructive CAD were evaluated.

Lactational performance effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol supplementation to dairy cows: A meta-regression.

A meta-regression was conducted to determine the production effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) and investigate their associations with dose, dietary nutrient composition, and supplementation length in dairy cows. Forty treatment and control mean comparisons extracted from 21 studies conducted or published between 2014 to 2024 were used in the meta-regression. Response variables were DMI, milk yield (MY), ECM yield, ECM feed efficiency, BW, BW change, and concentrations of milk fat, true protein, lactose, and MUN.