Hyaluronic Acid Fillers and ASIA Syndrome: Case Studies.

A continuous increase in the popularity of esthetic procedures with the use of substances as HA has been observed for many years, which might be contributing to an increase in the number of adverse events. The autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) can be provoked by hyaluronic acid (HA), which belongs to substances meeting the criteria of adjuvants. Mechanisms of the innate and acquired immune response are activated, leading to the dysregulation of T and B lymphocytes, inability to recognize one's own antigens, inflammation, damage to one's own tissues, and ultimately to autoimmunity.