Prospective Evaluation of Lung Cancer Screening Eligibility Criteria and Lung Cancer Detection in the Yorkshire Lung Screening Trial.

Introduction: Low-dose computed tomography screening for lung cancer reduces lung cancer mortality, but there is a lack of international consensus regarding the optimal eligibility criteria for screening. The Yorkshire Lung Screening Trial was designed to evaluate lung cancer screening (LCS) implementation, and a primary objective was prospective evaluation of three predefined eligibility criteria.

Methods: Individuals who had ever smoked, aged 55 to 80 years, who responded to written invitation, underwent telephone risk assessment and if eligible by at least one criterion (PLCO ≥ 1.

School-based social and educational support for siblings of children with cancer - Siblings' and parents' feedback on an intervention proposal (SUPREME).

Purpose: Siblings of children with cancer experience the consequences of their brother or sister's disease and treatment firsthand, often causing social and school-related difficulties. This study aimed to gather parents' and siblings' feedback on a proposal for a school-based social and educational support intervention for siblings with the goal of tailoring the program to meet the needs of siblings.

Method: Adopting a criterion sampling strategy, we conducted interviews with 20 parents and 11 siblings, aged 7-19 years, of children with cancer.

Role of 3D ultrasound in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence with polyacrylamide hydrogel (Bulkamid®) - A pilot study.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAHG) is a bulking agent used in treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women. Some women experience an improvement or cure in stress urinary incontinence (SUI) symptoms lasting only a few weeks after the injection of the bulking agent. The aim of this study was to use three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) to describe the changes in volume, number of deposits and echogenicity of the bulking agent 3 months after PAHG injection.

Evaluating the readiness for river barrier removal: A scoping review under the EU nature restoration law.

The European Union's Biodiversity Strategy 2030, reinforced by the new Nature Restoration Law, targets restoring a minimum of 25,000 km of 'free-flowing rivers' by 2030. Central to this endeavor is the imperative to restore natural longitudinal and lateral connectivity of rivers and floodplains. Focused on scrutinizing data, methods, and tools employed in published studies from 2000 to 2023, our literature review reveals both encouraging developments and significant challenges at pan-European and regional scales to prioritize barriers for removal.

Temporal Trends of Ischemic Stroke Risk in Patients With Incident Atrial Fibrillation Before Anticoagulation.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major risk factor for ischemic stroke (IS), but whether the magnitude of this risk has changed over time is unknown.

Objectives: This study sought to investigate temporal trends in IS rates in patients with incident AF before oral anticoagulant agent (OAC) therapy.

Methods: The nationwide FinACAF (Finnish Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation) study covers patients with AF at all levels of care in Finland from 2007 to 2018.

pH-FISH: coupled microscale analysis of microbial identity and acid-base metabolism in complex biofilm samples.

Background: Correlative structural and chemical imaging of biofilms allows for the combined analysis of microbial identity and metabolism at the microscale. Here, we developed pH-FISH, a method that combines pH ratiometry with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in structurally intact biofilms for the coupled investigation of microbial acid metabolism and biofilm composition. Careful biofilm handling and modified sample preparation procedures for FISH allowed preservation of the three-dimensional biofilm structure throughout all processing and imaging steps.

Changes in spatial bodily pain distribution one year after benign hysterectomy with emphasis on prevalence and risk factors for de novo and persistent pelvic pain- a prospective longitudinal multicenter study.

Background: The objectives were to determine the prevalence of de novo and persistent pelvic pain after benign hysterectomy and to assess risk factors.

Methods: A Swedish prospective multicenter study of 440 women undergoing benign hysterectomy was conducted between October 2011 and March 2017. Measures of pain, the spatial extent of bodily pain, and pain sensitivity were assessed using a self-reporting questionnaire, Margolis's patient pain drawing, and quantitative sensory testing of pain thresholds for pressure, heat, and cold, respectively.

Altered surface-based brain morphometry in type 1 diabetes and neuropathic pain.

This study explored surface brain morphometry in type 1 diabetes including focus on painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Brain MRI was obtained from 56 individuals with diabetes (18 without DPN, 19 with painless DPN, 19 with painful DPN) and 20 healthy controls. Cortical thickness, sulcus depth, and gyrification were analysed globally and regionally in each group and in the combined diabetes group.

The role of the psychedelic experience in psilocybin treatment for treatment-resistant depression.

Objective: To determine the relationships between psilocybin dose, psychedelic experiences, and therapeutic outcome in treatment-resistant depression.

Methods: For treatment-resistant depression, 233 participants received a single dose of 25, 10, or 1 mg of COMP360 psilocybin (a proprietary, pharmaceutical-grade synthesized psilocybin formulation, developed by the sponsor, Compass Pathfinder Ltd.) with psychological support.

Association of chronic exercise with markers of cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The impact of chronic exercise on cardiometabolic risk is a crucial aspect of public health. However, limited knowledge exists regarding differences in cardiometabolic parameters between older athletes, older controls, and sedentary or active young controls.

Methods: A comprehensive search in major databases until October 2024 was conducted for studies comparing older athletes with older controls or with both sedentary and active younger adults.

Modeling the fasting blood glucose response to basal insulin adjustment in type 2 diabetes: An explainable machine learning approach on real-world data.

Introduction: Optimal basal insulin titration for people with type 2 diabetes is vital to effectively reducing the risk of complications. However, a sizeable proportion of people (30-50 %) remain in suboptimal glycemic control six months post-initiation of basal insulin. This indicates a clear need for novel titration methods that account for individual patient variability in real-world settings.

Time Toxicity of Systemic Anticancer Therapy for Metastatic Lung Cancer in Routine Clinical Practice: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Purpose: The concept of time toxicity of cancer treatment, defined as proportion of days from physical contact with the health care system, has been suggested as simple, patient-centered measure useful for shared decision making, particularly in incurable cancer. We investigated the extent of health care contacts in clinical practice in Danish patients with stage IV lung cancer starting first-line systemic anticancer therapies.

Methods: This is a nationwide cohort study of newly diagnosed patients with stage IV lung cancer in Denmark who initiated treatment during 2019-2021 and followed for up to 1 year.

Exploring pre-diagnosis hospital contacts in women with endometriosis using ICD-10: a Danish case-control study.

Study Question: How does pre-diagnosis use of hospital care differentiate between women later diagnosed with endometriosis and age-matched controls without a diagnosis?

Summary Answer: Women with hospital-diagnosed endometriosis had more frequent hospital contacts in the 10 years leading up to the diagnosis compared to women without a diagnosis of endometriosis, and the contacts were related to registered diagnoses in nearly all of the included ICD-10 chapters for the entire period.

What Is Known Already: Only a few studies have investigated the utilization of health care among women with endometriosis in the time before diagnosis, but current research shows that women with endometriosis have a higher utilization compared to women without diagnosed endometriosis. To our knowledge, no study has investigated the type of contact related to the higher utilization by using the ICD-10 diagnoses registered to the hospital contact.

Optimal Medical Therapy for Heart Failure and Integrated Care in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Report From the ESC-EHRA EORP Atrial Fibrillation Long-Term General Registry.

Background: Heart failure (HF) often occurs in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), with a major impact on prognosis. Few data are available on the effect of integrated treatment strategies to improve prognosis in patients with AF. We aimed to evaluate the association between HF (according to left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF]), HF optimal medical therapy and adherence to the Atrial Fibrillation Better Care pathway, and major outcomes in patients with AF.

Migraine and cognitive dysfunction: a narrative review.

The association between migraine and cognitive function has been studied during the last decade, however, this relationship is not well established. As migraine prevalence is highest between the ages of 30-40, aligning with some of our most productive years, we must understand cognitive changes within this disorder. Cognitive impairment potentially limits social and professional interactions, thus negatively impacting quality of life.

Diversity and physiology of abundant Rhodoferax species in global wastewater treatment systems.

Wastewater treatment plants rely on complex microbial communities for bioconversion and removal of pollutants, but many process-critical species are still poorly investigated. One of these genera is Rhodoferax, an abundant core genus in wastewater treatment plants across the world. The genus has been associated with many metabolic traits such as iron reduction and oxidation and denitrification.

Clinical outcomes after first-line anti-TNF treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease - a prospective multicenter cohort study.

Background And Aims: Existing findings on outcomes of anti-tumor-necrosis-factor (TNF) therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are largely based on retrospective studies. We aimed to investigate real-world outcomes of anti-TNF therapy and predictors thereof in a prospective IBD cohort.

Methods: In a Danish multicenter cohort of adult bio-naïve patients with IBD treated with anti-TNF, we assessed clinical response and remission to induction therapy using clinical disease activity scoring indices at week 14.

Extracellular electron transfer genes expressed by candidate flocking bacteria in cable bacteria sediment.

Unlabelled: Cable bacteria, filamentous sulfide oxidizers that live in sulfidic sediments, are at times associated with large flocks of swimming bacteria. It has been proposed that these flocks of bacteria transport electrons extracellularly to cable bacteria via an electron shuttle intermediate, but the identity and activity of these bacteria in freshwater sediment remain mostly uninvestigated. Here, we elucidate the electron exchange capabilities of the bacterial community by coupling metagenomics and metatranscriptomics to 16S rRNA amplicon-based correlations with cable bacteria over 155 days.

Measuring associations between the food environment and dietary habits: comparing the proportion and density of food outlets.

Background: The food environment plays a crucial role in shaping our dietary choices and overall health. Spatial measures provide distinct perspectives on the physical food environment and its impact on diet. While proportion measures are theoretically considered to provide a more accurate representation of the overall physical food environment than density measures, it is important to recognize that the association between food environments and diet can vary depending on the context.