Butterfly classification and species discovery using genomics.

Genomic sequencing of worldwide butterfly fauna followed by phylogenetic analysis of protein-coding genes informs butterfly classification throughout the taxonomic hierarchy, from families to species. As a rule, we attribute the same taxonomic rank to more prominent clades of comparable divergence (i.e.

Effect of Health Education on Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Reproductive Health Among Pre-university Girls in an Urban Area.

Background: For every woman, menstruation is a natural physiological process, and the adolescence period marks the beginning of the menstruation process. Investing the right knowledge in girls at a young age directs a better future for women, children, and families, thereby leading to intergenerational impact.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of health education on reproductive health among pre-university girls in an urban area.

Revisiting the Last Ice Area projections from a high-resolution Global Earth System Model.

The Last Ice Area-located to the north of Greenland and the northern Canadian Arctic Archipelago-is expected to persist as the central Arctic Ocean becomes seasonally ice-free within a few decades. Projections of the Last Ice Area, however, have come from relatively low resolution Global Climate Models that do not resolve sea ice export through the waterways of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and Nares Strait. Here we revisit Last Ice Area projections using high-resolution numerical simulations from the Community Earth System Model, which resolves these narrow waterways.

A luminous and young galaxy at = 12.33 revealed by a JWST/MIRI detection of Hα and [O iii].

The James Webb Space Telescope has discovered a surprising population of bright galaxies in the very early Universe (≲500 Myr after the Big Bang) that is hard to explain with conventional galaxy-formation models and whose physical properties are not fully understood. Insight into their internal physics is best captured through nebular lines, but at these early epochs, the brightest of these spectral features are redshifted into the mid-infrared and remain elusive. Using the mid-infrared instrument onboard the James Webb Space Telescope, here we present a detection of Hα and doubly ionized oxygen ([O iii] 4959,5007 Å) from the bright, ultra-high-redshift galaxy candidate GHZ2/GLASS-z12.

Pathogenic genes and clinical prognosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an autosomal dominant inherited cardiomyopathy characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy. It is one of the chief causes of sudden cardiac death in younger people and athletes. Molecular-genetic studies have confirmed that the vast majority of HCM is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomere proteins.

Construction of organic heterojunctions as metal-free photocatalysts for enhancing water splitting and phenol degradation by regulating charge flow.

Metal-free photocatalysts derived from earth-abundant elements have drawn significant attention owing to their ample supply for potential large-scale applications. However, it is still challenging to achieve highly efficient photocatalytic performance owing to their sluggish charge separation and lack of active catalytic sites. Herein, we designed and constructed a series of covalently bonded organic semiconductors to enhance water splitting and phenol degradation.

Achieving Near Infrared Photodegradation by the Synergistic Effect of Z-Scheme Heterojunction and Antenna of Rare Earth Single Atoms.

Near-infrared light response catalysts have received great attention in renewable solar energy conversion, energy production, and environmental purification. Here, near-infrared photodegradation is successfully achieved in rare earth single atom anchored NaYF@g-CN heterojunctions by the synergistic effect of Z-scheme heterojunction and antenna of rare earth single atoms. The UV-vis light emitted by Tm can not only be directly absorbed by g-CN to generate electron-hole pairs, realizing efficient energy transfer, but also be absorbed by NaYF substrate, and generating photo-generated electrons at its impurity level, transferring the active charge to the valence band of g-CN, forming a Z-scheme heterojunction and further improving the photocatalytic efficiency.

Dispersion-based cognitive intra-individual variability in former American football players: Association with traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, repetitive head impacts, and biomarkers.

Exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHI), such as those experienced in American football, is linked to cognitive dysfunction later in life. Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) is a proposed clinical syndrome thought to be linked to neuropath-ology of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a condition associated with RHI from football. Cognitive intra-individual variability (d-CIIV) measures test-score dispersion, indicating cognitive dysfunction.

Achieving cup target as per spinopelvic assessment is associated with improved THA outcome: a prospective, multicentre study.

Background: Different methods can help to optimise sagittal cup orientation in total hip arthroplasty (THA) based on individual spinopelvic characteristics. This study aimed to: (1) assess how often combined sagittal index (CSI) and hip-spine-classification targets were achieved post THA; (2) compare anteversion/inclination between cups in-/outside optimal CSI zone; and (3) determine association with outcome.

Methods: This is a multicentre, prospective, case-cohort study of 435 primary THA for osteoarthritis (53% females; age: 65 ± 12 years; follow-up: 2.

High Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Found in Well-Treated People with HIV after the Introduction of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures.

People with HIV (PWH) are at greater risk of experiencing mental health problems, such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder PTSD in PWH. PWH in care Amsterdam University Medical center (Amsterdam UMC) with access to the electronic patient portal were offered patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) between May 2022 and May 2023, including the PC-PTSD-5 screen for PTSD as part of routine clinical care.

Factors influencing shared decision-making on hospital wards as perceived by healthcare professionals: A qualitative study.

Objectives: The extent to which healthcare professionals apply Shared Decision Making (SDM) on hospital wards is still unknown. The aim was to explore the current knowledge of SDM among healthcare professionals and the experienced factors influencing SDM on the wards of Dutch hospitals, regarding both treatment and care decisions.

Setting: Twelve hospital wards in two university medical centres and one teaching hospital.

Using Laboratory Test Results for Surveillance During a New Outbreak of Acute Hepatitis in 3-Week- to 5-Year-Old Children in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Ireland, and Curaçao: Observational Cohort Study.

Background: In March 2022, a concerning rise in cases of unexplained pediatric hepatitis was reported in multiple countries. Cases were defined as acute hepatitis with serum transaminases >500 U/L (aspartate transaminase [AST] or alanine transaminase [ALT]) in children aged 16 years or younger. We explored a simple federated data analytics method to search for evidence of unreported cases using routinely held data.

Behaviour of 7.62x39mm tracer and API bullets in soft tissue.

Some bullets, called tracer and API bullets, contain a pyrotechnical charge. The charge in the bottom of a tracer bullet burns in flight and enables the shooter or an observer to see the bullet's trajectory. An Armor Piercing Incendiary (API) bullet contains a hard core and a pyrotechnical charge that ignites on impact with a hard target.

How partisan news outlets frame vested interests in climate change.

This paper reports a theoretically-driven quantitative content analysis of news media discourse on climate change, its effects, and solutions to understand how US news discourse differs from widely supported scientific conclusions on global climate. Despite the dire warnings and calls to action, US public opinion on the causes and solutions to climate change remain divided. In the global context, the US's split views are anomalous and may be an artifact of the US media's coverage of the climate crisis.

Peroral Endoscopic myotomy (POEM) in pediatric achalasia: a retrospective cohort on institutional experience and quality of life.

Background: Achalasia is a rare esophageal motility disorder with an estimated annual incidence of 1-5/100.000 and a mean age at diagnosis > 50 years of age. Only a fraction of the patients has an onset during childhood (estimated incidence of 0.

Revumenib: a new era in acute leukemia treatment.

The AUGMENT-101 clinical trial reported that the use of revumenib led to improved overall survival (OS) and complete remission (CR)/CR with partial hematologic recovery (CRh) in patients with acute leukemias and has released updated data with longer follow-up of Phase 2 results. Additionally, revumenib has received FDA approval for its use in relapsed or refractory (r/r) lysine methyltransferase 2A rearranged (KMT2A-r) acute leukemias.

Rotating Hinge Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty With and Without Porous Cone Adjunct Fixation.

Introduction: As the number of revision total knee arthroplasties (rTKA) continues to rise, there is increasing interest in the use of contemporary rotating hinge prostheses. These devices often incorporate porous cones to fill bone defects and enhance long-term fixation. This study evaluated the clinical and functional outcomes and survivorship in rTKA patients utilizing a rotating hinge prosthesis with flexible titanium (FT) cones, porous tantalum (PT) cones, or no cones.

Allergen-induced activation of epithelial P2Y receptors promotes ATP exocytosis and type 2 immunity in airways.

Background: Environmental allergens induce the release of danger signals from the airway epithelium that trigger type 2 immune responses and promote airway inflammation.

Objective: To investigate the role of allergen-stimulated P2Y receptor activation in regulating ATP, IL-33 and DNA release by human bronchial epithelial (hBE) cells and mouse airways.

Methods: hBE cells were exposed to Alternaria alternata extract and secretion of ATP, IL-33 and DNA were studied in vitro.

Safety and efficacy of nipocalimab in adults with generalised myasthenia gravis (Vivacity-MG3): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Background: Given burdensome side-effects and long latency for efficacy with conventional agents, there is a continued need for generalised myasthenia gravis treatments that are safe and provide consistently sustained, long-term disease control. Nipocalimab, a neonatal Fc receptor blocker, was associated with dose-dependent reductions in total IgG and anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies and clinically meaningful improvements in the Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) scale in patients with generalised myasthenia gravis in a phase 2 study. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of nipocalimab in a phase 3 study.

Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm (REBYOTA®), for the Prevention of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in Participants With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in PUNCH CD3-OLS.

Background: Fecal microbiota, live-jslm (RBL; REBYOTA®), is the first single-dose, broad consortia, microbiota-based live biotherapeutic approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to prevent recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) in adults following standard-of-care antimicrobials. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common risk factor for rCDI, yet patients with IBD are often excluded from prospective trials. This subgroup analysis of PUNCH CD3-OLS (NCT03931941) evaluated the safety and efficacy of RBL in participants with rCDI and IBD.