A head-to-head comparison of the adult EQ-5D-5L and youth EQ-5D-Y-5L in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.

Background: Multiple diseases, such as Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS), present at adolescent age and the impact on quality of life (QoL) prolongs into adulthood. For the EQ-5D, a commonly used instrument to measure QoL, the current guideline is ambiguous whether the youth or adult version is to be preferred at adolescent age. To assess which is most suitable, this study tested for equivalence along predefined criteria of the youth (EQ-5D-5L) and adult (EQ-5D-Y-5L) version in an adolescent population receiving bracing therapy for AIS.

Family Size across the Life Course and Cognitive Decline in Older Mexican Adults.

Objectives: A growing body of research has identified associations between family size and cognition in older adults. These studies largely focus on older adults' own fertility history instead of sibship size, defined as one's number of siblings. Sibship size may impact cognitive development during early childhood, creating differences that may persist into late-life.

Updated Adjustment of the HCAHPS Survey for New Modes of Survey Administration and Patient Mix.

Background: Web-first multimode survey protocols increase HCAHPS survey response rates and representativeness but may result in different HCAHPS scores because of survey mode effects and selective email address availability. A variable absent from many patient-mix adjustment models that may result in more positive patient experiences is whether the hospital admission was planned; adjustment for planned stays may better measure hospital performance.

Objectives: Develop adjustments for new Web-first survey protocols and planned admissions to facilitate comparisons across hospitals.

Basket study of oral progesterone antagonist onapristone extended-release in combination with anastrozole in progesterone receptor-positive recurrent adult-type granulosa cell tumor of the ovary.

Objective: We sought to determine the safety and efficacy of the oral progesterone antagonist onapristone in combination with anastrozole in patients with recurrent progesterone receptor-positive adult-type granulosa cell tumor of the ovary.

Methods: This was a single-institution phase II study of patients with progesterone receptor-positive adult-type granulosa cell tumor who received at least 1 prior line of chemotherapy. Patients were enrolled from November 2021 to August 2022 and tissue was evaluated for progesterone receptor status via immunohistochemistry.

[Can Coronavirus HCoV-229E be Used as a Model Virus Instead of SARS-CoV-2 in Antiviral Efficacy Studies?].

Son yıllarda pandemi nedeniyle virüslerin tanı ve tedavisine yönelik terapötik yöntemlerin geliştirilmesi ve antivirallerin test edilmesi amacıyla çok sayıda in vitro çalışma yapılmaktadır. Literatürde SARS-CoV-2'nin modellenebilmesi için HCoV-229E'nin kullanımının güvenli ve yeterli olup olmadığını inceleyen çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu sebeple bu çalışmada, BSL-2 şartlarında gerçekleştirilebilen HCoV-229E kültürü ve kantitasyon çalışmalarının, BSL-3 şartları gerektiren SARS-CoV-2 deneylerinde bir ön çalışma modeli olup olamayacağının antiviral etkinlik analizleri üzerinden araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.

A Belgian physician-initiated trial investigating the LifeStream peripheral stent graft system for the treatment of complex TASC C and D iliac lesions.

Background: Due to the heterogeneity of literature findings, stent type selection for the endovascular treatment of complex aorto-iliac occlusive disease remains challenging. The BELSTREAM study, a physician-initiated, prospective, multicenter, single-arm study, aims to report the safety and efficacy of the balloon expandable LifeStream Peripheral Stent Graft System (BD, Tempe, Arizona, USA) for the treatment of complex TASC C and D aorto-iliac artery lesions.

Methods: Seventy patients and 133 lesions were included at six Belgian institutions.

Noninferiority of single-incision laparoscopy vs conventional laparoscopy in salpingectomy or salpingotomy for ectopic pregnancy: a meta-analysis.

Objective: Ectopic pregnancy is an emergency frequently requiring laparoscopic intervention. This study aimed to determine whether single-incision laparoscopic surgery is a safe and effective treatment method compared with conventional laparoscopic surgery with multiple ports.

Data Sources: This study searched 6 databases from their inception to May 15, 2024, for articles comparing the safety outcomes of single-incision laparoscopic surgery with conventional laparoscopic surgery in managing women with ectopic pregnancy.

hsa-miR-548d-3p: a potential microRNA to target nucleocapsid and/or capsid genes in multiple members of the Flaviviridae family.

Introduction: Flaviviridae comprise a group of enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses that are mainly transmitted through either mosquitoes or tick bites and/or contaminated blood, blood products, or other body secretions. These viruses cause diseases ranging from mild to severe and are considered important human pathogens. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding molecules involved in growth, development, cell proliferation, protein synthesis, apoptosis, and pathogenesis.

Ultrasound imaging: Enhancing the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Broader adoption of ultrasound (US) imaging in carpal tunnel syndrome management enhances patient care and outcome. This case underscores the importance in diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome, highlighting its capability to uncover hidden anomalies and assist in surgical planning.

Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) As a Preoperative Screening Tool in Predicting Clinical Outcomes of Postoperative Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Patients.

Objective: The authors sought to evaluate the role of nutritional indices such as Onodera's prognostic nutrition index (PNI), World Health Organization (WHO)-based anthropometric measurements such as weight for age (w/a), height for age, weight for height, and perioperative serum albumin levels in the determination of postoperative clinical outcomes in pediatric patients who undergo surgery for congenital cardiac defects and surgical complexity (risk-adjusted congenital heart surgery score) and its correlation with postoperative course.

Material And Methods: In this prospective observational study, 108 post-pediatric cardiac surgery patients under the age of 18 months were enrolled between January 2023 and August 2023. Through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis we have found the cutoff value for PNI is ≤66.

Social learning preserves both useful and useless theories by canalizing learners' exploration.

In many domains, learning from others is crucial for leveraging cumulative cultural knowledge, which encapsulates the efforts of successive generations of innovators. However, anecdotal and experimental evidence suggests that reliance on social information can reduce the exploration of the problem space. Here, we experimentally investigate the extent to which cultural transmission fosters the persistence of arbitrary solutions in a context where participants are incentivized to improve a physical system across multiple trials.

Building blocks for nanophotonic devices and metamaterials.

Nanophotonic devices control and manipulate light at the nanometer scale. Applications include biological imaging, integrated photonic circuits, and metamaterials. The design of these devices requires the accurate modeling of light-matter interactions at the nanoscale and the optimization of multiple design parameters, both of which can be computationally demanding and time intensive.

Infertility and risk of ovarian cancer in the women's health initiative.

Purpose: There is a consistent relationship with greater ovulation frequency and increased risk of ovarian cancer. However, prior research on infertility, which may be associated with ovulation frequency through multiple mechanisms, and ovarian cancer has yielded conflicting results, possibly due to prior research conflating fertility treatment with infertility and restricting follow-up to premenopausal cases. Our objective was to determine the association between infertility and risk of postmenopausal ovarian cancer, overall and by histotype, in a population that had not received treatment with IVF.

Description of STRIVE-ON Study Protocol: Safety and Tolerability of GTX-104 (Nimodipine Injection for IV Infusion) Compared with Oral Nimodipine in Patients Hospitalized for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (aSAH): A Prospective, Randomized, Phase III Trial (STRIVE-ON).

Oral nimodipine is the only drug approved in North America for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). However, bioavailability is variable and frequently poor, leading to fluctuations in peak plasma concentrations that cause dose-limiting hypotension. Furthermore, administration is problematic in patients who cannot swallow.

Semi-mechanistic efficacy model for PARP + ATR inhibitors-application to rucaparib and talazoparib in combination with gartisertib in breast cancer PDXs.

Background: Promising cancer treatments, such as DDR inhibitors, are often challenged by the heterogeneity of responses in clinical trials. The present work aimed to build a computational framework to address those challenges.

Methods: A semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model of tumour growth inhibition was developed to investigate the efficacy of PARP and ATR inhibitors as monotherapies, and in combination.

Interobserver agreement and practice patterns for grading of colorectal carcinoma: World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumours 5th edition versus American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition staging manual.

Aims: The current American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging manual and the College of American Pathologists (CAP) colorectal carcinoma (CRC) protocol specify use of a four-tiered grading system (i.e. grades 1-4; well-differentiated-undifferentiated) for CRC, based on percentage of gland formation.

Natural history progression of MRI brain volumetrics in type II late-infantile and juvenile GM1 gangliosidosis patients.

Objective: GM1 gangliosidosis is a rare lysosomal storage disorder characterized by the accumulation of GM1 gangliosides in neuronal cells, resulting in severe neurodegeneration. Currently, limited data exists on the brain volumetric changes associated with this disease. This study focuses on the late-infantile and juvenile subtypes of type II GM1 gangliosidosis, aiming to quantify brain volumetric characteristics to track disease progression.

Exploring the neuroprotective potential of immunosuppressants in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Neuroprotective therapy to slow Parkinson's disease (PD) progression is a critical unmet need. Neuroinflammation likely represents an important pathophysiologic mechanism for disease progression. Medications that target this inflammation, such as immunosuppressants, represent potential disease-modifying therapies for PD.

A better diet quality based on the Healthy Eating Index-2020 is associated with lower energy intake and age but not with a pre-diabetes/T2DM diagnosis among Hispanic women with overweight/obesity.

Low diet quality is related to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk among Hispanic women. This cross-sectional study compared diet quality among Hispanic women with overweight/obesity based on their T2DM diagnosis (pre-diabetes/T2DM group, n = 104 vs no diagnosis, at-risk group, n = 84). It was hypothesized that having a pre-diabetes or T2DM diagnosis would be associated with better diet quality based on the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2020 score.

Pre-pandemic leukocyte count is associated with severity of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection among older women in the Women's Health Initiative.

Objective: Although dysregulated inflammation has been postulated as a biological mechanism associated with post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (PASC) and shown to be a correlate and an outcome of PASC, it is unclear whether inflammatory markers can prospectively predict PASC risk. We examined the association of leukocyte count and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentrations, measured ~25 years prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with PASC, PASC severity, and PASC-associated cognitive outcomes at follow-up among postmenopausal women.

Methods: Using biomarker data from blood specimens collected during pre-pandemic enrollment (1993-1998) and data on 1,237 Women's Health Initiative participants who completed a COVID-19 survey between June 2021 and February 2022, we constructed multivariable regression models that controlled for pertinent characteristics.

Efficacy of a Community- and Family-Based Intervention on Cardiovascular Fitness and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factors Among Primarily Latino Families.

Background: Targeting cardiovascular fitness (CVF), rather than weight loss, may be a more acceptable and feasible outcome among Latinos.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the short-term efficacy of (AFL), a fitness- and lifestyle-focused behavioral intervention to improve CVF and performance among Latino families.

Methods: Latino parent-child dyads (n = 137) were randomized to either AFL program or a waitlist control condition.

Expression Patterns of DLL3 Across Neuroendocrine and Non-Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Reveal Broad Opportunities for Therapeutic Targeting.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) encompass a diverse set of malignancies with limited precision therapy options. Recently, therapies targeting DLL3 have shown clinical efficacy in aggressive NENs, including small cell lung cancers and neuroendocrine prostate cancers. Given the continued development and expansion of DLL3-targeted therapies, we sought to characterize the expression of DLL3 and identify its clinical and molecular correlates across diverse neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine cancers.

Report on Evolving Indications, Technique, and Outcomes of Novel And Surgical Procedures-NUsurface.

Purpose Of Review: Meniscectomy alters knee function and known to be associated with an increased incidence of knee arthritis. Several methods and materials have been tried to replicate the function of a meniscus. One is a polycarbonate-urethane synthetic medial meniscus implant labeled as NUsurface.

Safety and Efficacy of Lotilaner Ophthalmic Solution (0.25%) in Treating Demodex Blepharitis: Pooled Analysis of Two Pivotal Trials.

Introduction: Lotilaner ophthalmic solution (0.25%) is the first United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA)-approved drug for treating Demodex blepharitis. In pivotal trials, it was found to be well tolerated and demonstrated a significant reduction in collarettes and mite density after a 6-week treatment regimen.