Establishing a peritoneal dialysis technique survival core outcome measure: A standardised outcomes in nephrology-peritoneal dialysis consensus workshop report.

Background: Technique survival, also reported with negative connotations as technique failure or transfer from peritoneal dialysis to haemodialysis, has been identified by patients, caregivers and health professionals as a critically important outcome to be reported in all trials. However, there is wide variation in how peritoneal dialysis technique survival is defined, measured and reported, leading to difficulty in comparing or consolidating results.

Methods: We conducted an online international consensus workshop to establish a core outcome measure of technique survival.

Ikeda infection does not negatively impact growth performance or breeding soundness exam results in young beef bulls at bull test stations.

Introduction: Ikeda genotype is an emerging cattle disease in the US. Since 2017, when Ikeda was discovered in beef cattle in two counties in Virginia, cattle infections have risen to include ~67% of Virginia counties and 14 states. Consistent with New Zealand studies, many infected herds in Virginia were >90% positive upon initial testing without overt evidence of infection.

'The tablets make a certain noise': uncovering barriers and enablers related to providing PMTCT services to adolescents and young women living with HIV in Zimbabwe.

Background: Zimbabwe antenatal HIV prevalence rate is 16.1%. HIV-positive pregnant adolescent girls and young women (AYW) are at high risk to experience perinatal mental health challenges, attributed to a combination of factors including HIV status, stigma and perinatal depression.

Exploring the drivers of unmet need for contraception among adolescents and young women in Sierra Leone. a cross-sectional study.

Background: Sierra Leone grapples with a concerning reality: a high unmet need for contraception among adolescents and young women (AYW). This translates to a multitude of unintended pregnancies, jeopardising their health, education, and overall life trajectory. To effectively address this challenge, we aim to examine the factors associated with the unmet need for contraception among AYW in Sierra Leone.

Patent Foramen Ovale Closure in Older Patients With Stroke: Patient Selection for Trial Feasibility.

Background And Objectives: Whether patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure benefits older patients with PFO and cryptogenic stroke is unknown because randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have predominantly enrolled patients younger than 60 years of age. Our objective was to estimate anticipated effects of PFO closure in older patients to predict the numbers needed to plan an RCT.

Methods: Effectiveness estimates are derived from major observational studies (Risk of Paradoxical Embolism [RoPE] Study and Oxford Vascular Study, together referred to as the "RoPE-Ox" database) and all 6 major RCTs (Systematic, Collaborative, PFO Closure Evaluation [SCOPE] Consortium).

Oral PD-L1 inhibitor GS-4224 selectively engages PD-L1 high cells and elicits pharmacodynamic responses in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Background: Checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway are effective therapies in a range of immunogenic cancer types. Blocking this pathway with an oral therapy could benefit patients through greater convenience, particularly in combination regimens, and allow flexible management of immune-mediated toxicities.

Methods: PD-L1 binding activity was assessed in engineered dimerization and primary cell target occupancy assays.

A Clinical Guide to Support the Implementation of Addiction Consult Services and the Value of Teaching and Technical Assistance.

People with substance use disorders (SUDs) are increasingly admitted to general hospitals; however, many hospital systems lack both formal structures and skilled staff to provide high-quality care for inpatients with SUDs. Inpatient addiction consult services (ACSs), which are increasingly being implemented around the country, are an evidence-based strategy to add focused care for people with SUDs into the general medical setting. In 2018, New York City Health + Hospitals (H + H) launched an ACS program called Consult for Addiction Care and Treatment in Hospitals in six hospitals, supported by a team of addiction consult experts to deliver teaching and technical assistance (TTA) for the Consult for Addiction Care and Treatment in Hospitals ACSs.

A retrospective analysis of the trends in modern contraceptive use among adolescents and young women (15-24 years) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the last two decades.

Introduction: The increasing rate of unsafe abortion among adolescents and young women (AYW) in Sub-Saharan Africa may be attributed to a high rate of undesirable pregnancies and limited access to contraception services. The study looked at the prevalence of current contraception use among young women (15-24 years old) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

Methods: The study analyzed secondary data from the demographic health survey (DHS) and UNICEF concerning AYW aged 15-24 years using IBM Corp.

Health Providers' Response to Female Adolescent Survivors of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence and Demand Side Barriers in the Utilization of Support Services in Urban Low-Income Communities of Nigeria.

Survivors of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) are often hindered in their quest to access quality healthcare. This has a significant effect towards the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal SDG Target 3.7.

Prescribe to Save Lives: An Intervention to Increase Naloxone Prescribing Among HIV Clinicians.

Objectives: Overdose is a major cause of preventable death among persons living with HIV. This study aimed to increase HIV clinicians' naloxone prescribing, which can reduce overdose mortality.

Methods: We enrolled 22 Ryan White-funded HIV practices and implemented onsite, peer-to-peer training, posttraining academic detailing, and pharmacy peer-to-peer contact around naloxone prescribing in a nonrandomized stepped wedge design.

The police paradox: A qualitative study of post-overdose outreach program implementation through public health-public safety partnerships in Massachusetts.

Background: Post-overdose outreach has emerged in the United States as an increasingly common response to non-fatal overdose. This qualitative study investigates the implementation of such programs through public health-public safety partnerships in Massachusetts.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with post-overdose outreach team members, overdose survivors, and family members who received outreach.

Fine mapping of the flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase gene controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis in pepper anthers and stems.

Pepper ( L) is one of the most important vegetables grown worldwide. Nevertheless, the key structural and regulatory genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation in pepper have not been well understood or fine mapped yet. In this study, F, F, BCP, and BCP pepper populations were analyzed and these populations were derived from a cross between line 14-Z4, which has yellow anthers and green stems, and line 14-Z5, which has purple anthers and stems.

Unmet needs for modern contraceptive methods among sexually active adolescents and young women in Togo: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Background: The unmet need for modern contraceptives among sexually active adolescent and young women (AYW) in Africa contributes to high morbidity and mortality. To investigate the prevalence of unmet need for modern contraceptives and its associated factors among AYW in Togo, we performed a secondary analysis of data from the MICS-62017 survey.

Method: We extracted data from sexually active AYW aged 15-24  years for the analysis and used multi-level logistic regression models to identify factors associated with unmet need for modern contraceptives.

Project Inspire pilot study: A hospital-led comprehensive intervention reduces gun violence among juveniles delinquent of gun crimes.

Background: Gun violence disproportionately affects young Black men, but the impact extends to families and communities. Those at highest risk are teens delinquent of gun crimes. While there is no nationally accepted juvenile rate of recidivism, previous literature reveals rearrest rates from 50% to 80% in high-risk youth, and some reports show that up to 40% of delinquent juveniles are incarcerated in adult prisons before the age of 25 years.

[Epidemiological distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in acute hepatitis B cases in China,2015-2017].

To analyze the genotype distribution of acute hepatitis B virus in China. A total of six hundred and twenty acute Hepatitis B cases reported to China Information System for Diseases Control and Prevention from 2015 to 2017 were selected. First, the full-length HBV genome was obtained by nested PCR amplification.

The co-adsorption of thymohydroquinone dimethyl ether (THQ) and coumarin present in the aqueous extract of on mild steel and its protection in hydrochloric acid up to 323 K: computational and physicochemical studies.

This study evaluates the corrosion inhibition property of the aqueous and alcoholic leaf extracts of the medicinal plant . The major components in the extracts are thymohydroquinone dimethyl ether (THQ) and coumarin. It is clear from the weight-loss studies that the water extract of the leaves (AYW) is superior to the alcoholic extract (AYA) in terms of offering corrosion inhibition.

Clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 registered in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium WHO clinical characterisation protocol: a prospective, multinational, multicentre, observational study.

Due to the large number of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many were treated outside the traditional walls of the intensive care unit (ICU), and in many cases, by personnel who were not trained in critical care. The clinical characteristics and the relative impact of caring for severe COVID-19 patients outside the ICU is unknown. This was a multinational, multicentre, prospective cohort study embedded in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium World Health Organization COVID-19 platform.

Sexually Transmitted and Blood-borne Infections Among Patients Presenting to a Low-barrier Substance Use Disorder Medication Clinic.

Objective: To study the infection-related needs of patients with substance use disorders initiating care at a low-barrier-to-access program (LBAP) by describing the proportion with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B and C virus (HBV, HCV), syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia and determining rates of treatment and/or linkage to care.

Methods: We reviewed the records of patients who completed an intake visit at an LBAP in Boston, MA during the first 9 months after implementation of a standardized intake laboratory panel (January 30, 2017-September 30, 2017).

Results: Among 393 patients initiating care, 84.

Anticoagulant prescribing for atrial fibrillation and risk of incident dementia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between oral anticoagulant type (direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) vs vitamin K antagonists (VKAs)) and incident dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods: Using linked electronic health record (EHR) data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink in the UK, we conducted a historical cohort study among first-time oral anticoagulant users with incident non-valvular AF diagnosed from 2012 to 2018. We compared the incidence of (1) clinically coded dementia and (2) MCI between patients prescribed VKAs and DOACs using Cox proportional hazards regression models, with age as the underlying timescale, accounting for calendar time and time on treatment, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, clinical comorbidities and medications.

Characterizing Substance Use Disorders Among Transgender Adults Receiving Care at a Large Urban Safety Net Hospital.

Objectives: In the midst of the opioid crisis, increasing attention has been given to assessing and addressing substance use disorders (SUDs) among transgender and gender diverse (TGD) populations. As electronic health records begin to more uniformly collect gender identity data, clinicians and public health professionals are better able to examine the prevalence of SUDs and the receipt of SUD treatment services in these populations.

Methods: We utilized cross-sectional electronic health records data from January 2005 to December 2019 from a large safety-net hospital in Massachusetts.

Intimate partner violence against adolescents and young women in sub-Saharan Africa: who is most vulnerable?

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health and human rights issue that affects millions of women and girls. While disaggregated national statistics are crucial to assess inequalities, little evidence exists on inequalities in exposure to violence against adolescents and young women (AYW). The aim of this study was to determine inequalities in physical or sexual IPV against AYW and beliefs about gender based violence (GBV) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).