Prefrontal dimension change-related activation differs for visual search in sparse and dense displays.

Changes of the target-defining feature dimension have previously been shown to elicit anterior prefrontal activation increases. In the majority of studies, this change-related activation was observed in the left lateral frontopolar cortex. In at least one study, however, right anterior prefrontal activation was observed.

Well-being After Finalization of a Workers' Compensation Claim: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Objective: Injured workers can be disadvantaged after a workers' compensation claims ends. This study investigated the association of a range of variables with well-being in injured workers who had finalized a workers' compensation claim >3 months prior.

Methods: On-line, cross-sectional survey (n = 129, 55.

Not "a cute" complication: phenotypic analysis of acute kidney injury in S. aureus bacteraemia.

Objectives: In this large retrospective cohort analysis, we aimed to determine the incidence of KDIGO-defined acute kidney injury (AKI) within 14 days in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia, and the association of AKI with 30-day mortality.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of adults with S. aureus bacteraemia between 1998 to 2023 admitted to a large regional Australian health service.

Reporting of nutritional screening, status and intake in trials of nutritional and physical rehabilitation following critical illness: a systematic review.

Background: Surviving critical illness leads to prolonged physical and functional recovery with both nutritional and physical rehabilitation interventions for prevention and treatment being investigated. Nutritional status and adequacy may influence outcome, but no consensus on which nutritional-related variables should be measured and reported in clinical trials exists.

Objective: To undertake a systematic review investigating the reporting of nutritional screening, nutritional status and nutritional intake/delivery in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating nutritional and/or physical rehabilitation on physical and functional recovery during and following critical illness.

Monte Carlo in the mechanistic modelling of the FLASH effect: a review.

FLASH radiotherapy employs ultra-high dose rates of >40 Gy/s, which may reduce normal tissue complication as compared to conventional dose rate treatments, while still ensuring the same level of tumour control. The potential benefit this can offer to patients has been the cause of great interest within the radiation oncology community, but this has not translated to a direct understanding of the FLASH effect. The oxygen depletion and inter-track interaction hypotheses are currently the leading explanations as to the mechanisms behind FLASH, but these are still not well understood, with many questions remaining about the exact underpinnings of FLASH and the treatment parameters required to optimally induce it.

Numerical plastic transport modelling in fluvial systems: Review and formulation of boundary conditions.

In recent years, it has become clear that plastic pollution poses a significant threat to aquatic environments and human health. Rivers act as entry points for land-based plastic waste, while a certain fraction of entrained plastics is carried into marine environments. As such, the accurate modelling of plastic transport processes in riverine systems plays a crucial role in developing adequate remediation strategies.

Obstacles to implementing indigenous knowledge in climate change adaptation in Africa.

In a climate change context, indigenous and local knowledge includes the use of traditional practices, crop varieties, and land management techniques that have evolved in response to local climatic conditions. This inter-generational transfer of knowledge is crucial for maintaining and adapting these practices to meet the challenges posed by climate change. Despite the many advantages of using indigenous knowledge in climate change adaptation in Africa, its implementation faces several obstacles.

The effect of anti-pronation and anti-supination taping on neuromuscular control in recreational athletes with Achilles Tendinopathy: A randomized controlled cross-over trial.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of different directions of athletic taping on neuromuscular control of the lower limb in recreational athletes with Achilles tendinopathy (AT).

Design: Crossover Study.

Setting: Functional assessment laboratory.

Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of the MATISSE (Maternal Immunization Study for Safety and Efficacy) Maternal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein Vaccine Trial.

Objective: To evaluate descriptive efficacy data, exploratory immunogenicity data, and safety follow-up through study completion from the global, phase 3 MATISSE (Maternal Immunization Study for Safety and Efficacy) maternal vaccination trial of bivalent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prefusion F protein vaccine (RSVpreF).

Methods: MATISSE was a phase 3, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Healthy pregnant participants aged 49 years or younger at 24-36 weeks of gestation were randomized (1:1) to receive a single RSVpreF 120 micrograms or placebo dose.

Time Below Range and Its Influence on Hypoglycemia Awareness and Severe Hypoglycemia: Insights From the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists Study.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between time below range (TBR), impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH), and severe hypoglycemia (SH).

Research Design And Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from individuals with diabetes using continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) in the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists audit. Hypoglycemia awareness was assessed via the Gold score (≥4 denoting IAH), and SH was defined as hypoglycemia requiring third-party assistance.

Tirzepatide Associated With Reduced Albuminuria in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes: Pooled Post Hoc Analysis From the Randomized Active- and Placebo-Controlled SURPASS-1-5 Clinical Trials.

Objective: Tirzepatide, a long-acting, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, reduced urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline in people with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk in the SURPASS-4 trial. To examine the generalizability of these findings, we assessed change from baseline in UACR for tirzepatide (5, 10, and 15 mg) compared with active and placebo treatment in a broad population from the SURPASS-1-5 trials.

Research Design And Methods: This post hoc analysis examined data from the overall pooled SURPASS-1-5 population and subgroups defined by baseline UACR ≥30 mg/g.

Unusual Causes of Death Due to Constipation.

Constipation is found in individuals with intellectual disabilities, autism, and cerebral palsy. Although generally a benign condition, it may lead to life-threatening intestinal obstruction, with or without volvulus, or to stercoral ulceration with enteritis and/or perforation. Two unusual cases of lethal chronic constipation are reported to demonstrate other very rare fatal mechanisms that may occur.

Development and validation of trigger tools in primary care: A scoping review.

In primary care, trigger tools have been utilized to evaluate and identify patient safety events. The use of trigger tools could help clinicians and patients detect adverse events in a patient's medical record. Due to a lack of research on the process development of trigger tools in primary care, the purpose of this scoping review is to investigate the trigger development and validation process in primary care settings.

PhiSiCal-Checkup: A Bayesian framework to validate amino acid conformations within experimental protein structures.

As structural biology and drug discovery depend on high-quality protein structures, assessment tools are essential. We describe a new method for validating amino-acid conformations: "PhiSiCal ([Formula: see text]al) Checkup." Twenty new joint probability distributions in the form of statistical mixture models explain the empirical distributions of dihedral angles [Formula: see text] of canonical amino acids in experimental protein structures.

Affinity maturation endows potent activity onto class 6 SARS-CoV-2 broadly neutralizing antibodies.

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) has greatly diminished the neutralizing activity of previously FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including that of antibody cocktails and of first-generation broadly neutralizing antibodies such as S309 (Sotrovimab). In contrast, antibodies targeting cryptic conformational epitopes of the receptor binding domain (RBD) have demonstrated broad activity against emerging variants, but exert only moderate neutralizing activity, which has so far hindered clinical development. Here, we utilize in vitro display technology to identify and affinity-mature antibodies targeting the cryptic class 6 epitope, accessible only in the "up" conformation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer.

Naïve Bayes is an interpretable and predictive machine learning algorithm in predicting osteoporotic hip fracture in-hospital mortality compared to other machine learning algorithms.

Osteoporotic hip fractures (HFs) in the elderly are a pertinent issue in healthcare, particularly in developed countries such as Australia. Estimating prognosis following admission remains a key challenge. Current predictive tools require numerous patient input features including those unavailable early in admission.

Organic ionic plastic crystals having colossal barocaloric effects for sustainable refrigeration.

Barocaloric (BC) materials offer the potential for highly energy-efficient refrigeration by generating heat absorption through the effect of pressure on a solid-solid phase transition. However, very few of the known materials have the required phase transition in the temperature regions necessary for domestic refrigeration or air conditioning. We introduce organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) as a new family of BC materials.

Partial replacement of the tricuspid valve using cryopreserved tricuspid homograft: 20-year outcomes.

Objectives: There is limited consensus on the optimal strategy for surgical treatment of severe tricuspid valve pathology. At our institution, we have implemented a unique technique of using a tricuspid homograft with its supporting apparatus for partial replacement of the native tricuspid valve. We now present the long-term outcomes of these patients.

Getting school-provided meals to the table: an international multiple-case study of school food service.

A school food service, which is the way children access food during the school day, is one of the many aspects in creating a health-promoting school environment. School-provided meal services differ greatly, depending on the country, region and school contexts, however, there is limited understanding of the diverse meal delivery within these settings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand different school-provided meal systems across different countries and contexts.

Diagnostic accuracy of early neonatal MRI in predicting adverse motor outcomes in children born preterm: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: To examine the diagnostic accuracy of Early structural and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (acquired at < 36 weeks postmenstrual age) to detect cerebral palsy (CP) or other adverse motor outcomes at or beyond 3 years corrected age in infants born preterm.

Method: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched the CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases for studies without language restrictions and a prospectively registered protocol up to October 2023. We extracted the study details, associations presented, and meta-analyses conducted with pooled sensitivity and specificity.

Ambient temperature and deaths from homicide in Brazil during 2010-2019: A nationwide space-time-stratified case-crossover study.

Research Question: Previous evidence suggests a positive association between temperature and homicide, but the association was less clear in Brazil where homicide is one of the leading causes of death. This study aimed to quantify the association between ambient daily temperature and homicides in Brazil with potential lag effects and to quantify the temperature attributed fractions of homicides in Brazil.

Methods: A space-time-stratified case-crossover design with distributed lag models was used to evaluate the temperature-homicide association from 1·1·2010 to 31·12·2019 in Brazil.

Neighborhood Topology-Aware Knowledge Graph Learning and Microbial Preference Inferring for Drug-Microbe Association Prediction.

The human microbiota may influence the effectiveness of drug therapy by activating or inactivating the pharmacological properties of drugs. Computational methods have demonstrated their ability to screen reliable microbe-drug associations and uncover the mechanism by which drugs exert their functions. However, the previous prediction methods failed to completely exploit the neighborhood topologies of the microbe and drug entities and the diverse correlations between the microbe-drug entity pair and the other entities.