Microbial diversity and antimicrobial resistance in faecal samples from acute medical patients assessed through metagenomic sequencing.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to global public health. However, unsatisfactory approaches to directly measuring the AMR burden carried by individuals has hampered efforts to assess interventions aimed at reducing selection for AMR. Metagenomics can provide accurate detection and quantification of AMR genes within an individual person's faecal flora (their gut "resistome").

Induced Migration of CO from Hydrate Cages to Amorphous Solid Water under Ultrahigh Vacuum and Cryogenic Conditions.

Restricted migration of reactive species limits chemical transformations within interstellar and cometary ices. We report the migration of CO from clathrate hydrate (CH) cages to amorphous solid water (ASW) in the presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF) under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) and cryogenic conditions. Thermal annealing of sequentially deposited CO and HO ice, CO@HO, to 90 K resulted in the partitioning of CO in 5 and 56 CH cages (CO@5, CO@56).

Comparing Patients With Isolated Seizures and Status Epilepticus in Intensive Care Units: An Observational Cohort Study.

Background And Objectives: To assess the frequency of status epilepticus (SE) among seizing critically ill adult patients and to determine clinical differences between patients with isolated seizures and patients with SE in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: From 2015 to 2020, all consecutive adult ICU patients at a Swiss tertiary care center with isolated seizures or SE as reported by intensivists and/or consulting neurologists were identified by screening of all digital medical, ICU, and EEG records. Patients aged <18 years and patients with myoclonus due to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy but without seizures on EEG were excluded.

Different Responses of Photosynthesis to Nitrogen Starvation Between Highly Oil-Accumulative Diatoms, Fistulifera solaris and Mayamaea sp. JPCC CTDA0820.

Highly oil-accumulative diatoms are expected to be a promising biomass for the production of biofuel. To harvest the diatom oils at high yields, it is critical to elucidate the relationship of oil accumulation with photosynthesis under fluctuating environmental conditions. Here, we characterized the physiological responses of the growth and photosynthesis in the mesophilic diatom Fistulifera solaris and the cold-tolerant one Mayamaea sp.

The adsorption of arsenate and p-arsanilic acid onto ferrihydrite and subsequent desorption by sulfate and artificial seawater: Future implications of sea level rise.

Sea level rise (SLR) is estimated to impact 25% of the world's population along coastal areas leading to an increase in saltwater intrusion. Consequently, changes in the soil biogeochemistry of currently non-saline and/or well-drained soils due to saltwater intrusion are of major concern. Saltwater intrusion is expected to affect farmland across large broiler producer regions, where large amounts of manure containing organic arsenicals were applied over the past decades.

Discovery and Isolation of Two Arsenotungastate Species: [AsWO] and [AsWO(HO)].

Two novel arsenotungstate species, [AsWO] () and [AsWO(HO)] (), have been successfully isolated under a one-pot synthetic method. is the second largest arsenotungstate cluster and is constructed from four {AsW} clusters combined together. can be described as lacunary sites of {AsW} filled by {WO} units.

Chemical Reactivity of Strongly Interacting, Hydrogen-Bond-Forming Molecules Following 193 nm Photon Irradiation: Methanol in Amorphous Solid Water at Low Temperatures.

Mixtures of methanol and amorphous solid water (ASW) ices are observed in the interstellar medium (ISM), where they are subject to irradiation by UV photons and bombardment by charged particles. The charged particles, if at high enough density, induce a local electric field in the ice film that potentially affects the photochemistry of these ices. When CDOD@ASW ices grown at 38 K on a Ru(0001) substrate are irradiated by 193 nm (6.

A post-market cluster randomized controlled trial of the effect of the TENA SmartCare Change Indicator™ on urinary continence care efficiency and skin health in older nursing home residents.

Background: Urinary continence care for residents of nursing homes who are unable to communicate their toileting needs usually involves care aides manually checking continence products (pads) to determine the level of urine saturation prior to changing. The TENA SmartCare Change Indicator is a medical device which estimates urine saturation and notifies caregivers of the optimal time for pad changes. This study will seek to examine the effect of the TENA SmartCare Change Indicator on urinary continence care efficiency and skin health, in comparison to usual care.

Withdrawal of Long-Term Nucleotide Analog Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis B: Outcomes From the Withdrawal Phase of the HBRN Immune Active Treatment Trial.

Introduction: Withdrawal of nucleos(t)ide analog therapy is increasingly being evaluated in chronic hepatitis B infection as a strategy to induce hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss. The Hepatitis B Research Network Immune-Active Trial evaluated treatment with tenofovir (TDF) for 4 years ± an initial 6 months of peginterferon-α (PegIFN) (NCT01369212) after which treatment was withdrawn.

Methods: Eligible participants (hepatitis B e antigen [HBeAg]-/anti-HBe+, hepatitis B virus [HBV] DNA <10 3 IU/mL, no cirrhosis) who discontinued TDF were followed for at least 1 year with optional follow-up thereafter.

Deep Learning Image Reconstruction for CT: Technical Principles and Clinical Prospects.

Filtered back projection (FBP) has been the standard CT image reconstruction method for 4 decades. A simple, fast, and reliable technique, FBP has delivered high-quality images in several clinical applications. However, with faster and more advanced CT scanners, FBP has become increasingly obsolete.

Impact of antimicrobial use in dogs on antimicrobial resistance and shared flora with human owners.

Transmission of bacteria between animals and humans in domestic households is increasingly recognized. We evaluated the presence of antimicrobial-resistant fecal bacteria in 8 dog-owner-dog pairs before and after the dog received amoxicillin-clavulanate. The study identified shared flora in the humans and dogs that were affected by antimicrobial administration.

Antioxidant, Whitening, Antiwrinkle, and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Nakai Extract.

Since ancient times, plants have been a good source of natural antioxidants. Plants remove active oxygen through antioxidants and contain various active ingredients. These active ingredients of plants are used to alleviate skin aging and chronic diseases.

Patients with affective disorders profit most from telemedical treatment: Evidence from a naturalistic patient cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic telemedicine became essential in maintaining diagnostic procedures and treatment in psychiatry. However, it is still an open question if telemedicine is a feasible treatment option for all groups of psychiatric patients alike. This prospective monocentric observational trial was conducted to assess the general applicability of telemedical treatment in a naturalistic psychiatric outpatient cohort and to identify groups of disorders and clusters of psychopathology that respond particularly well to telemedical treatment considering sociodemographic characteristics and patients' perspectives.

dl-Alanine Covalently Bonded Giant Arsenotungstate with Rapid Photochromic and Decent Proton Conduction Properties.

A dl-alanine covalently bonded giant arsenotungstate, namely, NaBaH[(AsWO){WO(HO)(dl-Ala)}{WO(HO)(dl-Ala)}{WO(dl-Ala)}] (; dl-Ala = dl-alanine), has been synthesized and is composed of six [AsWO] fragments fused together via two [WO(HO)(dl-Ala)] segments, two [WO(HO)(dl-Ala)] segments, and a [WO(dl-Ala)] segment. This complex represents the first carboxylate-based hybrid polyoxotungstate without the introduction of lanthanide ions. Besides, compound demonstrates not only fast photochromic properties but also interesting proton conductivity properties, with an achieved conductivity of 2.

In Search of Biomarkers to Guide Interventions in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Objective: The aim of this study was to catalog and evaluate response biomarkers correlated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms to improve clinical trials.

Methods: A systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus was conducted in April 2020. Seven criteria were applied to focus on original research that includes quantifiable response biomarkers measured alongside ASD symptoms.

Perfusion imaging heterogeneity during NO inhalation distinguishes pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) from healthy subjects and has potential as an imaging biomarker.

Background: Without aggressive treatment, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has a 5-year mortality of approximately 40%. A patient's response to vasodilators at diagnosis impacts the therapeutic options and prognosis. We hypothesized that analyzing perfusion images acquired before and during vasodilation could identify characteristic differences between PAH and control subjects.

Tropoelastin Improves Post-Infarct Cardiac Function.

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is among the leading causes of death worldwide. Following MI, necrotic cardiomyocytes are replaced by a stiff collagen-rich scar. Compared to collagen, the extracellular matrix protein elastin has high elasticity and may have more favorable properties within the cardiac scar.

Energy Transfer and Restructuring in Amorphous Solid Water upon Consecutive Irradiation.

Interstellar and cometary ices play an important role in the formation of planetary systems around young stars. Their main constituent is amorphous solid water (ASW). Although ASW is widely studied, vibrational energy dissipation and structural changes due to vibrational excitation are less well understood.

Influences of 1-Propanol and Methanol Additives on Crystallization of Thin Amorphous Solid Water Films.

In general, randomly oriented ice crystallites are formed by heating amorphous solid water (ASW) films at ∼160 K via homogeneous nucleation. Here, we demonstrate that monolayers of methanol and 1-propanol additives incorporated in the multilayer ASW film lead to heterogeneous nucleation at the substrate interface of Pt(111), as evidenced by the occurrence of epitaxial ice growth. The mobility of water in direct contact with the Pt(111) substrate is decreased relative to that in the bulk, but it can be increased via interactions with hydrophobic moieties of alcohols that are segregated to the interfacial region.

Polyethylene Glycol--poly(trialkylsilyl methacrylate--methyl methacrylate) Hydrolyzable Block Copolymers for Eco-Friendly Self-Polishing Marine Coatings.

Hydrolyzable block copolymers consisting of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) first block and a random poly(trialkylsilyl methacrylate (TRSiMA, R = butyl, isopropyl)--methyl methacrylate (MMA)) second block were synthesized by RAFT polymerization. Two PEGs with different molar masses ( = 750 g/mol (PEG1) and 2200 g/mol (PEG2)) were used as macro-chain transfer agents and the polymerization conditions were set in order to obtain copolymers with a comparable mole content of trialkylsilyl methacrylate (~30 mole%) and two different PEG mole percentages of 10 and 30 mole%. The hydrolysis rates of PEG--(TRSiMA--MMA) in a THF/basic (pH = 10) water solution were shown to drastically depend on the nature of the trialkylsilyl groups and the mole content of the PEG block.

Toward biophysical markers of depression vulnerability.

A major difficulty with treating psychiatric disorders is their heterogeneity: different neural causes can lead to the same phenotype. To address this, we propose describing the underlying pathophysiology in terms of interpretable, biophysical parameters of a neural model derived from the electroencephalogram. We analyzed data from a small patient cohort of patients with depression and controls.

ASW-Net: Adaptive Spectral Wavelet Network for Accurate Fetal ECG Extraction.

Noninvasive fetal ECG (FECG) is of great significance for monitoring fetal health. However, it is challenging to extract FECG signals from the abdominal ECG signal (AECG) due to the complexity of the task: 1) FECG signals are routinely mixed with noise; 2) FECG signals are aliased with maternal ECG signals in the time and frequency domain. To solve such problems, an adaptive spectral wavelet network (ASW-Net) is proposed for FECG extraction, where the adaptive spectral wavelet module, which can improve the computational efficiency by replacing convolution operation with element-wise Hadamard product in the frequency domain, is first developed to extract FECG components with different frequencies; then, the residual attention module is devised to distinguish FECG signals from noise by capturing waveform details; finally, the inverse spectral wavelet module is designed to reconstruct FECG signals from multi-resolution FECG components.

Windmill-like Ln Clusters [Ln = Tb(III) and Dy(III)] Bridged by [α-AsWO] Unit Showing Zero-Field SMM Behavior: Experimental and Theoretical Investigation.

Herein, two polyoxometalate (POM)-ligated tetranuclear rare-earth metal complexes having the molecular formula [CsK{Ln(HO)(α-AsWO)}]·HO { = 5, = 20, and Ln = Tb(III) (); and = 6, = 28, and Ln = Dy(III) ()} were synthesized by a one-pot reaction with LnCl·6HO using di-lacunary [AsWO(HO)] precursor and characterized. The structural analysis shows that the building units [α-AsWO] are bridged by four rare-earth ions, where one [α-AsWO] bridged two Ln(III) centers asymmetrically by μ-O and terminal oxygen atoms. The [α-AsWO] units are orthogonal to each other, resembling as vanes of a windmill.

Rapid crystallization of amorphous solid water by porosity induction.

Rapid crystallization of amorphous solid water (ASW) is often associated with crystallization that initiates at random nucleation sites in the bulk and expands in all directions. In this work, by preparing sandwich films of acetonitrile (ACN) and ASW in the form of ACN@ASW and ASW@ACN in an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), we demonstrate a new method for rapid crystallization of ASW ACN diffusion-desorption induced porosity in the ASW matrix even in the window of 128-134 K, well below the normal crystallization temperature of 155 K. By placing an HDO (5% DO in HO) probe layer in ASW, we found that when ACN diffuses and desorbs through ASW, it induces ASW crystallization where the crystal grows both from the top and from the bottom simultaneously into the bulk.