-Nitroso--acetylcysteine (NAC-SNO) . nitrite as an anti-clostridial additive for meat products.

Nitrite is added to meat products as a preservative and it acts as a bacteriostatic compound against Clostridium botulinum growth. Nitric-oxide (˙NO), myoglobin and S-nitroso-compounds seem to be the main molecules generated from nitrite in meat products, which by decomposition to ˙NO, form the main anti-clostridial factor. The growth of C.

The HrpG/HrpX Regulon of Xanthomonads-An Insight to the Complexity of Regulation of Virulence Traits in Phytopathogenic Bacteria.

Bacteria of the genus cause a wide variety of economically important diseases in most crops. The virulence of the majority of spp. is dependent on secretion and translocation of effectors by the type 3 secretion system (T3SS) that is controlled by two master transcriptional regulators HrpG and HrpX.

Shoot Regeneration Is Not a Single Cell Event.

Shoot regeneration is a key tool of modern plant biotechnology. While many researchers use this process empirically, very little is known about the early molecular genetic factors and signaling events that lead to shoot regeneration. Using tobacco as a model system, we found that the inductive events required for shoot regeneration occur in the first 4-5 days following incubation on regeneration medium.

Effect of dietary oils from various sources on carbohydrate and fat metabolism in mice.

Background: Dietary oils differ in their fatty acid composition and the presence of additional microcomponents (antioxidants, etc.). These differences are thought to invoke different biochemical pathways, thus affecting fats and carbohydrates metabolism differently.

Polyphenols by Generating HO, Affect Cell Redox Signaling, Inhibit PTPs and Activate Nrf2 Axis for Adaptation and Cell Surviving: In Vitro, In Vivo and Human Health.

Human health benefits from different polyphenols molecules consumption in the diet, derived mainly by their common activities in the gastrointestinal tract and at the level of blood micro-capillary. In the stomach, intestine and colon, polyphenols act as reducing agents preventing lipid peroxidation, generation and absorption of AGEs/ALEs (advanced glycation end products/advanced lipid oxidation end products) and postprandial oxidative stress. The low absorption of polyphenols in blood does not support their activity as antioxidants and their mechanism of activity is not fully understood.

The physiology of drought stress in grapevine: towards an integrative definition of drought tolerance.

Water availability is arguably the most important environmental factor limiting crop growth and productivity. Erratic precipitation patterns and increased temperatures resulting from climate change will likely make drought events more frequent in many regions, increasing the demand on freshwater resources and creating major challenges for agriculture. Addressing these challenges through increased irrigation is not always a sustainable solution so there is a growing need to identify and/or breed drought-tolerant crop varieties in order to maintain sustainability in the context of climate change.

Pod and Seed Trait QTL Identification To Assist Breeding for Peanut Market Preferences.

Although seed and pod traits are important for peanut breeding, little is known about the inheritance of these traits. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of 156 lines from a cross of Tifrunner x NC 3033 was genotyped with the Axiom_Arachis1 SNP array and SSRs to generate a genetic map composed of 1524 markers in 29 linkage groups (LG). The genetic positions of markers were compared with their physical positions on the peanut genome to confirm the validity of the linkage map and explore the distribution of recombination and potential chromosomal rearrangements.

-Nitroso--acetylcysteine (NAC-SNO) as an Antioxidant in Cured Meat and Stomach Medium.

The stability of lipids in meat products depends on the initial concentration of hydroperoxides, the catalytic involvement of metal ions and myoglobin, endogenous antioxidants, and biological and technological factors. Ground meat was treated with additives, sealed in vacuum bags, heated to 75 °C, and stored opened to air at 4 °C. -Nitroso--acetylcysteine (NAC-SNO) at concentration like nitrite used by the industry prevents lipid peroxidation in the product, even after storage for 1 month at 4 °C.

The AvrPm3-Pm3 effector-NLR interactions control both race-specific resistance and host-specificity of cereal mildews on wheat.

The wheat Pm3 resistance gene against the powdery mildew pathogen occurs as an allelic series encoding functionally different immune receptors which induce resistance upon recognition of isolate-specific avirulence (AVR) effectors from the pathogen. Here, we describe the identification of five effector proteins from the mildew pathogens of wheat, rye, and the wild grass Dactylis glomerata, specifically recognized by the PM3B, PM3C and PM3D receptors. Together with the earlier identified AVRPM3, the recognized AVRs of PM3B/C, (AVRPM3), and PM3D (AVRPM3) belong to a large group of proteins with low sequence homology but predicted structural similarities.

Liberibacter crescens biofilm formation in vitro: establishment of a model system for pathogenic 'Candidatus Liberibacter spp.'.

The Liberibacter genus comprises insect endosymbiont bacterial species that cause destructive plant diseases, including Huanglongbing in citrus and zebra chip in potato. To date, pathogenic 'Candidatus Liberibacter spp.' (CLs) remain uncultured, therefore the plant-associated Liberibacter crescens (Lcr), only cultured species of the genus, has been used as a biological model for in vitro studies.

Visualizing Embolism Propagation in Gas-Injected Leaves.

Because the xylem in leaves is thought to be at the greatest risk of cavitation, reliable and efficient methods to characterize leaf xylem vulnerability are of interest. We report a method to generate leaf xylem vulnerability curves (VCs) by gas injection. Using optical light transmission, we visualized embolism propagation in grapevine () and red oak () leaves injected with positive gas pressure.

Distinguishing between Bread Wheat and Spelt Grains Using Molecular Markers and Spectroscopy.

The increasing demand for spelt products requires the baking industry to develop accurate and efficient tools to differentiate between spelt and bread wheat grains. We subjected a 272-sample spelt-bread wheat set to several potential diagnostic methods. DNA markers for γ-gliadin-D ( GAG56D), γ-gliadin-B ( GAG56B), and the Q-gene were used, alongside phenotypic assessment of ease-of-threshing and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).

A systematic review of non-productivity-related animal-based indicators of heat stress resilience in dairy cattle.

Introduction: Projected temperature rise in the upcoming years due to climate change has increased interest in studying the effects of heat stress in dairy cows. Environmental indices are commonly used for detecting heat stress, but have been used mainly in studies focused on the productivity-related effects of heat stress. The welfare approach involves identifying physiological and behavioural measurements so as to start heat stress mitigation protocols before the appearance of impending severe health or production issues.

Virtual water flows and water-footprint of agricultural crop production, import and export: A case study for Israel.

Agriculture is the largest global consumer of freshwater. As the volume of international trade continues to rise, so does the understanding that trade of water-intensive crops from areas with high precipitation, to arid regions can help mitigate water scarcity, highlighting the importance of crop water accounting. Virtual-Water, or Water-Footprint [WF] of agricultural crops, is a powerful indicator for assessing the extent of water use by plants, contamination of water bodies by agricultural practices and trade between countries, which underlies any international trade of crops.

Distinct domains of the AVRPM3 avirulence protein from wheat powdery mildew are involved in immune receptor recognition and putative effector function.

Recognition of the AVRPM3 avirulence protein from powdery mildew by the wheat PM3A/F immune receptor induces a hypersensitive response after co-expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. The molecular determinants of this interaction and how they shape natural AvrPm3 allelic diversity are unknown. We sequenced the AvrPm3 gene in a worldwide collection of 272 mildew isolates.

Reductions in root hydraulic conductivity in response to clay soil and treated waste water are related to PIPs down-regulation in Citrus.

Citrus hydraulic physiology and PIP transcript levels were characterized in heavy (clay) and light (sandy loam) soils with and without treated waste water (TWW) irrigation after a summer irrigation season and at the end of a winter rainy season recovery period. Consistent reductions in clay soils compared to sandy loam were found for fresh water (FW) and TWW irrigation, respectively, in root water uptake, as well as in hydraulic conductivity of whole plant (K plant), stem (K stem) and root (K root). Transcript levels of most PIPs down-regulated following TWW irrigation in both soils, but relative gene expression of three PIPs was significantly higher in summer for sandy soil and FW than for clay soil and TWW; their mRNA levels was significantly correlated to K root.

Liver proteomic analysis of postpartum Holstein cows exposed to heat stress or cooling conditions during the dry period.

Heat stress negatively affects cow performance, compromises immune function, and increases susceptibility to metabolic disorders, particularly during the dry period and as cows transition from gestation to lactation. Metabolic adaptations of the liver are critical for successful transition, yet it is unclear how heat stress affects metabolic pathways within the liver at the proteomic level. The objective of this study was to investigate the liver proteome of postpartum cows that were cooled or heat stressed during the dry period to gain insight into how protein expression is altered by prior heat stress and may contribute to performance and disease outcomes.

Reply: Diabetogenic Potential of Ancestral and Modern Wheat Landraces, Nutrients 2017, 9, 816.

Our "diabetogenic diet" composition [1] was indeed based on the one described by Funda et al. [2] with regards to dietary requirements.[.

Review on Anti-Cancer Activity in Wild Plants of the Middle East.

Background: The Mediterranean basin is one of the richest biodiversity areas in the world, and the use of medicinal plants for treating cancer in this area has been documented for generations in different cultures.

Objective: To present and discuss the findings related to medicinal plants with confirmed data on active compounds and/or clear mode of action.

Methods: We undertook a structured search of bibliography of peer-reviewed research literature using key words and a focused review question.

The Impact of Diet Wheat Source on the Onset of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus-Lessons Learned from the Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) Mouse Model.

Nutrition, especially wheat consumption, is a major factor involved in the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and other autoimmune diseases such as celiac. While modern wheat cultivars possess similar gliadin proteins associated with the onset of celiac disease and T1D, alternative dietary wheat sources from Israeli landraces and native ancestral species may be lacking the epitopes linked with T1D, potentially reducing the incidence of T1D. The Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mouse model was used to monitor the effects of dietary wheat sources on the onset and development of T1D.

Redox homeostasis in stomach medium by foods: The Postprandial Oxidative Stress Index (POSI) for balancing nutrition and human health.

Red-meat lipid peroxidation in the stomach results in postprandial oxidative stress (POS) which is characterized by the generation of a variety of reactive cytotoxic aldehydes including malondialdehyde (MDA). MDA is absorbed in the blood system reacts with cell proteins to form adducts resulting in advanced lipid peroxidation end products (ALEs), producing dysfunctional proteins and cellular responses. The pathological consequences of ALEs tissue damage include inflammation and increased risk for many chronic diseases that are associated with a Western-type diet.

Forest GPP Calculation Using Sap Flow and Water Use Efficiency Measurements.

This is a protocol to evaluate gross primary productivity (GPP) of a forest stand based on the measurements of tree's sap flow (SF), C derived water use efficiency (WUE), and meteorological (met) data. GPP was calculated from WUE and stomatal conductance (g), the later obtained from SF up-scaled from sampled trees to stand level on a daily time-scale and met data. WUE is obtained from C measurements in dated tree-ring wood and/or foliage samples.

Plant cholesterol biosynthetic pathway overlaps with phytosterol metabolism.

The amount of cholesterol made by many plants is not negligible. Whereas cholesterogenesis in animals was elucidated decades ago, the plant pathway has remained enigmatic. Among other roles, cholesterol is a key precursor for thousands of bioactive plant metabolites, including the well-known Solanum steroidal glycoalkaloids.