Report of the Italian Cohort with Activated Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ Syndrome in the Target Therapy Era.

Background: Activated Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) δ Syndrome (APDS), an inborn error of immunity due to upregulation of the PI3K pathway, leads to recurrent infections and immune dysregulation (lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity).

Methods: Clinical and genetic data of 28 APDS patients from 25 unrelated families were collected from fifteen Italian centers.

Results: Patients were genetically confirmed with APDS-1 (n = 20) or APDS-2 (n = 8), with pathogenic mutations in the PIK3CD or PIK3R1 genes.

Comparative efficacy of different bowel preparations for colonoscopy: A network meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: The quality of a colonoscopy is heavily reliant on the effectiveness of bowel cleansing. Various cleansing solutions are currently available, but their comparative efficacy remains uncertain. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aims to compare the performance of different bowel preparations for colonoscopy.

Bacteremic nosocomial pneumonia caused by Gram-negative bacilli: results from the nationwide ALARICO study in Italy.

Purpose: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with nosocomial pneumonia (NP) caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB) and to compare them to patients with NP caused by carbapenem-susceptible (CS)-GNB.

Methods: Prospective observational multicenter study including patients with bacteremic NP caused by GNB from the ALARICO Network (June 2018-January 2020). The primary outcome measure was 30-day mortality.

Underwater Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Diving into the Depths.

The endoscopic resection of gastrointestinal tract lesions embraces different types of techniques, ranging from conventional polypectomy/endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) to the field of third-space endoscopy, including endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), full-thickness resection and peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). Parallelly, the advent of underwater techniques has served as an add-on for both basic and advanced procedures, since its first report in 2012. We aimed to provide a comprehensive update on the state of the art about the feasibility of underwater basic and advanced techniques for GI endoscopy.

Biliary drainage in patients with malignant distal biliary obstruction: results of an Italian consensus conference.

Background: Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction (MBDO) is a common event occurring along the natural history of both pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. Epidemiological and biological features make MBDO one of the key elements of the clinical management of patients suffering for of pancreatic cancer or cholangiocarcinoma. The development of dedicated biliary lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) is changing the clinical work up of patients with MBDO.

Stealth Autoguide as Robotic Holder for Cranial Endoscopic Surgery: Technical Note and Proof of Concept.

Background: The Stealth Autoguide (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) is a robotic auto-targeting device for stereotactic brain biopsy, placement of stereoelectroencephalography electrodes, and laser ablation therapy. This paper evaluates its off-label application as robotic endoscope holder in transnasal and intraventricular neurosurgery. The potential to enhance stability, reduce manual adjustments, and improve surgical precision is discussed, alongside cost-effectiveness and feasibility.

The Derivation and External Validation of a Fibrosis Risk Model for Colorectal Tumours Undergoing Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an advanced technique that can become more challenging in the presence of submucosal fibrosis. Predicting the grade of fibrosis is important in order to identify technically difficult ESD. Our study aimed to derive and validate a prediction model to determine the preoperative degree of submucosal fibrosis in colorectal tumours undergoing ESD.

Bone health and body composition in prostate cancer: Meet-URO and AIOM consensus about prevention and management strategies.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) treatments are associated with a detrimental impact on bone health (BH) and body composition. However, the evidence on these issues is limited and contradictory. This consensus, based on the Delphi method, provides further guidance on BH management in PCa.

Attitude to Co-Administration of Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccines among Pregnant Women Exploring the Health Action Process Approach Model.

Respiratory tract diseases caused by influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 can represent a serious threat to the health of pregnant women. Immunological remodulation for fetus tolerance and physiological changes in the gestational chamber expose both mother and child to fearful complications and a high risk of hospitalization. Vaccines to protect pregnant women from influenza and COVID-19 are strongly recommended and vaccine co-administration could be advantageous to increase coverage of both vaccines.

Sepsis in Patients Hospitalized in Sicily, Italy, over the Period of 2016-2020: A Retrospective Study.

Epidemiological data regarding the incidence and mortality of sepsis are scarcely available. The present study aimed to delineate the epidemiology of sepsis and related mortality among patients hospitalized in Sicily, Italy. Data on the discharge forms of all patients with sepsis in all Sicilian hospitals from January 2016 to December 2020 were retrospectively collected.

COVID-19: The Development and Validation of a New Mortality Risk Score.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has found the whole world unprepared for its correct management. Italy was the first European country to experience the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus at the end of February 2020. As a result of hospital overcrowding, the quality of care delivered was not always optimal.

SIED-GISCOR recommendations for colonoscopy in screening programs: Part I - Diagnostic.

The implementation of FIT programs reduces incidence and mortality from CRC in the screened subjects. The ultimate efficacy for CRC morbidity and mortality prevention in a FIT program depends on the colonoscopy in FIT+ subjects that has the task of detecting and removing these advanced lesions. Recently, there has been growing evidence on factors that influence the quality of colonoscopy specifically withing organized FIT programs, prompting to dedicated interventions in order to maximize the benefit/harm ratio of post-FIT colonoscopy.

Evaluation of long-term efficacy and safety of dienogest in patients with chronic cyclic pelvic pain associated with endometriosis.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and long-term safety (up to 108 months) of treatment with Dienogest in patients with endometriosis.

Methods: Patients with chronic pelvic pain endometriosis-related were enrolled in this observational study from June 2012 to July 2021. The patients enrolled took Dienogest 2 mg as a single daily administration.

Safety and effectiveness of tofacitinib in ulcerative colitis: Data from TOFA-UC, a SN-IBD study.

Background: Real-world evidence is needed to determine the value of tofacitinib (TOFA) for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC).

Aim: To assess the safety and effectiveness of TOFA in clinical practice.

Methods: TOFA-UC is a multicenter, observational study performed among the Sicilian Network for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (SN-IBD).

Causes of hospitalization and predictors of in-hospital mortality among people living with HIV in Sicily-Italy between 2010 and 2021.

Background: Despite the rising number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), there is a lack of knowledge about the factors that lead to PLWHs being hospitalized in worldwide literature. Our study aimed to investigate PLWH admissions in Sicily (Italy) between January 2010 and September 2021 and to analyze the characteristics and risk factors for in-hospital mortality and differences between Italians and foreigners.

Methods: Data from the hospital discharge forms of all people living with HIV (PLWH) hospitalized in Sicilian hospitals were retrospectively collected.

Hospitalizations for tuberculosis in Sicily over the years 2009-2021: Clinical features, comorbidities, and predictors of mortality.

Background: Very few data are available in the literature regarding tuberculosis (TB) hospitalization, and few studies have reported the clinical characteristics and comorbidities of admitted patients and burden and cost of hospitalization. In our study, we described the occurrence of TB hospital admissions in the southern Italian region of Sicily over 13 years (2009-2021), explored the characteristics of patients with TB, and determined the comorbidities associated with mortality.

Method: Data on the hospital discharge of all patients with TB hospitalized in all Sicilian hospitals were retrospectively collected from hospital standard discharge forms.

and Epstein-Barr Virus Co-Infection in Gastric Disease: What Is the Correlation with , Genes Methylation and Microsatellite Instability in a Cohort of Sicilian Population?

Genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and infectious agents interact in the development of gastric diseases. (Hp) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has recently been shown to be correlated with these diseases. A cross-sectional study was performed on 100 hospitalized Italian patients with and without gastric diseases.

A case of syphilis associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and review of the literature.

Background: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) associated with syphilis has rarely been described in HIV-infected patients. Diagnosis can be challenging because it is not always possible to discern it from a recent infection or a worsening of an undiagnosed one.

Case Presentation: An HIV-positive 42-year-old man with a poor compliance history of antiretroviral therapy presented at our unit and complained of ocular symptoms.