Impact of comorbidities on the mortality benefits of lung cancer screening: a post-hoc analysis of PLCO and NLST trials.

Hypothesis: To evaluate how comorbidities affect mortality benefits of lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose computed-tomography (LDCT).

Methods: We developed a comorbidity index (PLCO-ci) using LCS-eligible participants' data from the Prostate Lung Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) trial (training set) and the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) (validation set). PLCO-ci predicts 5-year non-lung cancer (LC) mortality using a regularized Cox model; with performance evaluated by the area under the ROC curve (ROC).

DNA-binding affinity and specificity determine the phenotypic diversity in BCL11B-related disorders.

BCL11B is a Cys2-His2 zinc-finger (C2H2-ZnF) domain-containing, DNA-binding, transcription factor with established roles in the development of various organs and tissues, primarily the immune and nervous systems. BCL11B germline variants have been associated with a variety of developmental syndromes. However, genotype-phenotype correlations along with pathophysiologic mechanisms of selected variants mostly remain elusive.

Comparative evaluation of two simulation technologies for obstetric ultrasound trainees' assessment.

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the performance of two different obstetric ultrasound simulators in assessing the practical skills of trainees compared to the standard method of practical assessment conducted on pregnant women volunteers.

Methods: We performed a prospective observational study. Two simulators were compared: the Simbionix simulator which uses a mannequin and heteroevaluation and the OPUS simulator which uses optical positioning technology with automatic assessment.

Chronic pain as a presenting feature of dysferlinopathy.

Dysferlinopathies, caused by mutations in the dysferlin gene (DYSF) encoding the dysferlin protein, are a clinically heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive muscular dystrophies whose phenotypic spectrum is still evolving. Here we described a patient reporting diffuse muscular pain non related to physical exercise, mimicking fibromyalgic syndrome. Electroneuromyography was normal.

A scoping review evaluating the current state of gut microbiota and its metabolites in valvular heart disease physiopathology.

Background: The human microbiome is crucial in regulating intestinal and systemic functions. While its role in cardiovascular disease is better understood, the link between intestinal microbiota and valvular heart diseases (VHD) remains largely unexplored.

Methods: Peer-reviewed studies on human, animal or cell models analysing gut microbiota profiles published up to April 2024 were included.

Prognosis for fetuses with isolated severe growth retardation from 23 gestational weeks with an initial assessment unfavorable to an active management.

Objective: To study perinatal outcomes for newborns with early, isolated, severe FGR, for whom initial active management was considered unreasonable or impossible at an obstetric-pediatric assessment and to identify the determinants associated with a course that made active management reasonable.

Material And Methods: This retrospective observational single-center study occurred in a level-3 university hospital maternity unit. It included all pregnancies with a singleton fetus presenting isolated FGR <3rd percentile at 23 weeks or more of gestation with an obstetric-pediatric assessment (OPA) initially unfavorable to active management.

[Lactic acidosis associated with metformin: A case series from the Saint-Denis hospital].

Introduction: Metformin is a first line treatment for type II diabetes. Cases of metformin-associated lactic acidosis are regularly reported. A direct causal link between metformin overdose and lactic acidosis is not clearly established.

Cardiovascular risk associated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists versus other conventional glucose-lowering drugs in patients with type-2 diabetes: protocol for a nationwide observational comparative study in routine care.

Introduction: Several cardiovascular outcome trials have been conducted to assess the cardiovascular safety and efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) on cardiorenal outcomes in patients with type-2 diabetes (T2D). However, the strict requirements of randomised controlled trials to avoid most confounding factors are at the expense of external validity. Using national real-world data, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of GLP-1RAs in association with metformin especially on cardiovascular events, hospitalisation for heart failure and all-cause death in comparison with other diabetes treatment schemes using dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors, sulfonylureas/glinides or insulin also associated with metformin.

Optimizing Surgical Outcomes in Gastric Cancer: A Comparison of Laparoscopic and Open Total Gastrectomy.

Background: The efficacy of the laparoscopic approach for total gastrectomy(TG) in Western countries remains under discussion. Recently, Textbook Outcome(TO) has gained recognition as a comprehensive measure of care quality in upper gastrointestinal surgery. Although predictive factors for TO after TG are well-documented, the influence of the surgical approach requires further analysis.

Loudness of snoring, not apnea-hypopnea index, is associated with hyperactivity behavior in snoring children and adolescents.

Study Objectives: It is unknown whether loudness of snoring or hypoxic burden are related to higher hyperactivity scores in habitually snoring children and whether this effect is impacted by the severity of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). This study investigates the prevalence of hyperactivity in children with habitual snoring and the independent effects of loudness of snoring, as reported by the parents, hypoxic burden and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome's severity (OSAS) on hyperactivity, as measured by the Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Hyperactivity Index (CPRS-HI).

Methods: Children with habitual snoring aged 3-18 years were recruited for an overnight polysomnography reporting apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and hypoxic burden, acoustic rhinometry, clinical examination and parental questionnaires assessing snoring loudness and CPRS-HI.

Efficacy of a vein visualisation device for facilitating peripheral venous line placement in adult patients with sickle cell disease: A randomised clinical trial.

Background: Intravenous (IV) access is often required for the treatment of vaso-occlusive crises in patients with sickle cell disease, but can be particularly challenging due to recurrent venous damage. The AccuVein® device, uses near-infrared light technology to visualise veins for easier venepuncture.

Methods: A randomised, controlled trial of the efficacy of the AccuVeinAV400® device in the replacement of peripheral venous lines during a vaso-occlusive crisis was conducted at two centres in France.

Systematic Review: Efficacy of Medical Therapy on Outcomes Important to Pediatric Patients with X-Linked Hypophosphatemia.

Objective: To examine the evidence addressing the management of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) in children to inform treatment recommendations.

Methods: We searched Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central up to May 2023. Eligible studies included RCTs and observational studies of individuals less than 18yrs with clinically or genetically confirmed XLH.

Digenic Inheritance Mode in Congenital Hypothyroidism due to Thyroid Dysgenesis: HYPOTYGEN translational cohort study.

Context: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common neonatal endocrine disorder and is chiefly caused by thyroid dysgenesis (CHTD). The inheritance mode of the disease remains complex.

Objectives: Gain insight into the inheritance mode of CHTD.

Microsporidiosis in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases Undergoing Monoclonal Antibody Associated Therapy.

We present Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection in four patients with autoimmune diseases undergoing prolonged monoclonal antibody therapies. Two patients suffered from inflammatory bowel disease and received anti-TNF therapies, whereas two other patients suffered from systemic lupus erythematosus with renal involvement and received anti-CD20 or anti-BLyS protein therapies. Three out of four patients consulted for diarrhea with abdominal pain without intestinal inflammation or bleeding at the time of sampling.

Could cleaved embryo morphology and morphokinetics be associated with prenatal and neonatal outcomes?

Purpose: To evaluate if morphology and morphokinetics of cleaved embryos affect prenatal and perinatal outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 734 single fresh embryo transfer (SET) from ICSI from January 2014 to December 2020 at the Dijon University Hospital. Using time-lapse technology, embryos were defined as TOP or non-TOP according to morphological/morphokinetic criteria.

Resting-State Cortico-Cerebellar Connectivity Correlates with Post-Stroke Motor Recovery - A Prospective Functional MRI Study.

Cerebellar functional and structural connectivity are likely related to motor function after stroke. Less is known about motor recovery, which is defined as a gain of function between two time points, and about the involvement of the cerebellum. Fifteen patients who were hospitalized between 2018 and 2020 for a first cerebral ischemic event with persistent upper limb deficits were assessed by resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) and clinical motor score measurements at 3, 9 and 15 weeks after stroke.

Quantifying the potential contribution of drugs to the occurrence of acute kidney injury in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background: We sought to comprehensively describe drug-related components associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), describing the incidence of drug-related AKI, the proportion of preventable AKI, identified the various drugs potentially associated with it, explored the risk factors, and assessed the 1-year incidences of the recurrence of drug-related AKI, kidney failure, and death.

Methods: CKD-REIN is a French national prospective cohort of 3033 nephrology outpatients with a confirmed diagnosis of CKD (eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m²).

Fifteen-year experience of direct bridge with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to heart transplantation.

Objective: The study objective was to evaluate outcomes of patients directly bridged with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to heart transplantation.

Methods: A single-center retrospective study was performed on 1152 adult patients undergoing isolated cardiac transplantation between January 2007 and December 2021. Among these, patients bridged with an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to transplantation (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation group, n = 317) were compared with standard cohorts of patients (no extracorporeal membrane oxygenation group, n = 835).

Validation of the Perceived hope scale in Arabic-speaking adults living in Gaza in the midst of war, destruction and death.

Background: Despite its obvious relevance for clinical practice and research, it is surprising that presently no hope measure is available for use among Arabic-speaking populations, especially the most vulnerable ones who have been going through major humanitarian crises. This paper aimed to provide novel insights into psychometric information on the psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the Perceived Hope Scale (PHS) in Palestinians living in Gaza who have endured several months of suffering since the war began in October 2023.

Method: This study had a cross-sectional design and applied a quantitative research approach.

T cell malignancies after CAR T cell therapy in the DESCAR-T registry.

The risk of T cell malignancies after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a concern, although the true incidence remains unclear. Here we analyzed the DESCAR-T registry database, encompassing all pediatric and adult patients with hematologic malignancies who received CAR T cell therapy in France since 1 July 2018. Of the 3,066 patients included (2,536 B cell lymphoma, 162 B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 368 multiple myeloma), 1,680 (54.

Reconstruction of trunk debridement after necrotizing fasciitis complicating varicella lesions with NovoSorb biodegradable temporizing matrix and skin graft: A pediatric case report.

This clinical case report describes the reconstructive management of a child who developed a rare aggressive soft tissue infection - necrotizing fasciitis - complicating varicella skin lesions, with a synthetic dermal regenerative template - NovoSorb Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix - in conjunction with a split thickness meshed skin graft. The scarcity of this clinical case, the need to cover large skin defect promptly while facing infectious and pediatric challenges make it interesting to describe NovoSorb Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix in addition to split thickness meshed skin graft a novel treatment in necrotizing fasciitis of the child. A rapid surgical treatment followed by this reconstructive strategy achieved an acceptable functional and aesthetic result, with timely healing despite the severity and extensive surface area of the infection.

[Extramedullary hematopoiesis, a rare complication of sickle cell disease: A six-case series and literature review].

Introduction: Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is very rarely described during sickle cell disease (SCD). Our aim was to describe six cases of EMH occurring in adult SCD patients and to conduct a literature review.

Methods: Retrospective, descriptive, and monocentric study, identifying all cases of EMH recorded in our cohort of adult SCD patients, up to April 2024.

Benefit and Harms of Radical Nephroureterectomy as Part of a Multimodal Treatment Strategy for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Patients Presenting with Clinical Evidence of Regional Lymph Node Metastasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis by the European Association of Urology Guidelines.

Background And Objective: Given the uncertainty regarding the role of radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) as part of a multimodal treatment strategy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients with cN+ disease, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the corresponding literature.

Methods: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines, we identified 17 observational comparative and noncomparative studies, published between January 2000 and September 2024, evaluating UTUC patients with cTanyN+M0 disease (P) who received RNU as part of a multimodal treatment strategy (I), as compared with any treatment strategy if applicable (C), to assess oncological or postoperative outcomes (O). Meta-analyses were further performed, as appropriate.