Carboplatin in combination with etoposide for advanced small cell lung cancer complicated with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: a single-arm phase II study.

Background: Acute exacerbation (AEx) of interstitial pneumonia is the most common lethal adverse event related to the pharmacological treatment of patients with lung cancer complicated with interstitial pneumonia. Although small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is linked to poor prognosis, it exhibits good response to chemotherapy. Few previous research studies have investigated the safety and efficacy of treatment for advanced SCLC complicated with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP).

Young people's proposals for tackling everyday challenges in order to improve mental health: a qualitative comparison study based on different socioeconomic neighborhoods.

Background: Everyday challenges and stress negatively affect young people's mental health. Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with different stressors and different stress-coping mechanisms. Many interventions target youth mental health, but few consider socioeconomic differences in the planning, implementation, or evaluation.

Effective BCDNet-based breast cancer classification model using hybrid deep learning with VGG16-based optimal feature extraction.

Problem: Breast cancer is a leading cause of death among women, and early detection is crucial for improving survival rates. The manual breast cancer diagnosis utilizes more time and is subjective. Also, the previous CAD models mostly depend on manmade visual details that are complex to generalize across ultrasound images utilizing distinct techniques.

Toward expert-level medical question answering with large language models.

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in medical question answering, with Med-PaLM being the first to exceed a 'passing' score in United States Medical Licensing Examination style questions. However, challenges remain in long-form medical question answering and handling real-world workflows. Here, we present Med-PaLM 2, which bridges these gaps with a combination of base LLM improvements, medical domain fine-tuning and new strategies for improving reasoning and grounding through ensemble refinement and chain of retrieval.

Remotely delivered weight management for people with long COVID and overweight: the randomized wait-list-controlled ReDIRECT trial.

Long COVID (LC) is a complex multisymptom condition with no known disease-modifying treatments. This wait-list-controlled open-label trial tested whether a remotely delivered structured weight management program could improve respective LC symptoms in people living with overweight. Adults with LC (symptoms >12 weeks) and body mass index >27 kg m (>25 kg m for South Asians) were randomized (n = 234, 1:1) to control (n = 116, usual care) or the remotely delivered structured weight management (n = 118, total diet replacement (850 kcal per day) for 12 weeks, followed by food reintroduction and weight loss maintenance support) via minimization and randomization (80:20) to balance dominant LC symptom, sex, age, ethnicity and postcode-based index of multiple deprivation between groups.

The trans-european catchment area of common noctule bats killed by wind turbines in France.

Wind turbines used to combat climate change pose a green-green dilemma when endangered and protected wildlife species are killed by collisions with rotating blades. Here, we investigated the geographic origin of bats killed by wind turbines along an east-west transect in France to determine the spatial extent of this conflict in Western Europe. We analysed stable hydrogen isotopes in the fur keratin of 60 common noctule bats (Nyctalus noctula) killed by wind turbines during summer migration in four regions of France to predict their geographic origin using models based on precipitation isoscapes.

Development of a new solar system integrating photovoltaic and thermoelectric modules with paraffin-based nanomaterials.

This study investigates a comprehensive enhancement strategy for photovoltaic (PV) panel efficiency, focusing on increasing electrical output through the integration of parabolic reflectors, advanced cooling mechanisms, and thermoelectric generation. Parabolic reflectors are implemented in the system to maximize solar irradiance on the PV panel's surface, while a specialized cooling system is introduced to regulate temperature distribution across the silicon layer. This cooling system consists of a finned duct filled with paraffin (RT35HC) and enhanced with SWCNT nanoparticles, which improve the thermal properties of the paraffin, facilitating more effective heat dissipation.

Dual-targeting CRISPR-CasRx reduces C9orf72 ALS/FTD sense and antisense repeat RNAs in vitro and in vivo.

The most common genetic cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an intronic GC repeat expansion in C9orf72. The repeats undergo bidirectional transcription to produce sense and antisense repeat RNA species, which are translated into dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs). As toxicity has been associated with both sense and antisense repeat-derived RNA and DPRs, targeting both strands may provide the most effective therapeutic strategy.

High-Throughput Effect-Directed Analysis of Androgenic Compounds in Hospital Wastewater: Identifying Effect Drivers through Non-Target Screening Supported by Toxicity Prediction.

The increasing number of contaminants released into the environment necessitates innovative strategies for their detection and identification, particularly in complex environmental matrices like hospital wastewater. Hospital effluents contain both natural and synthetic hormones that might significantly contribute to endocrine disruption in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, HT-EDA has been implemented to identify the main effect-drivers (testosterone, androsterone and norgestrel) from hospital effluent using microplate fractionation, the AR-CALUX bioassay and an efficient data processing workflow.

Targeting Synthesis of Diatomic Catalysts by Selective Etching and Sequential Adsorption of Metal Atom.

Diatomic catalysts featuring a tunable structure and synergetic effects hold great promise for various reactions. However, their precise construction with specific configurations and diverse metal combinations is still challenging. Here, a selective etching and metal ion adsorption strategy is proposed to accurately assign a second metal atom (M) geminal to the single atom site (M-N) for constructing diatomic sites (e.

Biosecurity and Biocontainment for Ruminant Respiratory Disease.

Respiratory disease in cattle and small ruminants is caused by various factors, including inadequate biosecurity and biocontainment. Biosecurity and biocontainment depend on good husbandry. Testing on arrival and quarantining for 42 to 56 days could improve biosecurity.

Efficacy outcomes of CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapy treatment in hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer according to PAM50 intrinsic subtype: Primary results of SOLTI-1801 CDK-PREDICT study.

Introduction: The prognostic value of PAM50 intrinsic subtypes (IS), cell cycle, and immune-related gene expression in HR+ /HER2- advanced breast cancer (BC) treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) and endocrine therapy (ET) in a first-line metastatic setting is unclear. This study evaluates these biomarkers in metastatic biopsies from patients diagnosed with HR+ /HER2- advanced BC.

Methods: CDK-PREDICT study is a multicentric, ambispective observational cohort study conducted in six Spanish hospitals.

Diagnostic Testing for Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease: The Role of 24-hour Hypopharyngeal-Esophageal Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance-pH Monitoring.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) presents as a constellation of nonspecific upper aerodigestive tract symptoms and signs. Among many objective tools available on the market, hypopharyngeal-esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH monitoring (HEMII-pH) is considered to date the gold standard technique for diagnosing LPRD, as well as tailoring treatment according to the different LPR profiles. More studies are needed to further validate and standardize diagnostic criteria and evaluate long-term outcomes of patients diagnosed and treated for LPRD using HEMII-pH.

Preoperative Assessment of the Nasal Valve.

Nasal obstruction is often a multifactorial problem, attributable to physiologic and anatomic processes. Nasal valve compromise may be static or dynamic in nature. Successful diagnostic evaluation rests on a comprehensive history and physical examination.

Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Big Data in Radiation Oncology.

This review explores the applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) in radiation oncology, focusing on computer vision (CV) and natural language processing (NLP) techniques. We examined CV-based AI/ML in digital pathology and radiomics, highlighting the prospective clinical studies demonstrating their utility. We also reviewed NLP-based AI/ML applications in clinical documentation analysis, knowledge assessment, and quality assurance.

The Digital Full-Arch Solution Plus Photogrammetry for Guided Patient Success in All-On-X Cases.

This article highlights the critical role of digital technologies, particularly photogrammetry, in full-arch dental implant practices. By replacing traditional analog methods, digital tools enhance the precision of implant placement and prosthetic design, leading to better functional and esthetic outcomes. The seamless integration of photogrammetry with a computer-aided design /computer-aided manufacturing system not only streamlines the workflow but also improves patient satisfaction by reducing treatment times and increasing comfort.

Stackable Guides: Digital Workflows for Full Arch Dental Implant Rehabilitation.

Computer-guided full-arch dental rehabilitation, which is highly technique-sensitive, benefits from advancements in 3-dimensional-printed guides and open-source software. Critical pre-surgical planning includes patient selection, health history evaluations, and detailed imaging like cone beam computed tomography scans. Various surgical guides-freehand, static, dynamic, stackable, and interchangeable-are used based on case complexity, with stackable guides improving workflow efficiency.

Barriers to accessing mental health resources as perceived by surgical compared to medical trainees.

Introduction: Despite myriad wellness programs, training demands restrict resident access. This study aimed to evaluate barriers to accessing mental health resources(MHR) and determine if differences exist between medical(MT) and surgical trainees(ST).

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed in one health system assessing awareness of and barriers to accessing MHR.

Single Precursor-Derived Sub-1 nm MoCo Bimetallic Particles Decorated on Phosphide-Carbon Nitride Framework for Sustainable Hydrogen Generation.

The strategic design and fabrication of efficient electrocatalysts are pivotal for advancing the field of electrochemical water splitting (EWS). To enhance EWS performance, integrating non-noble transition metal catalysts through a cooperative double metal incorporation strategy is important and offers a compelling alternative to conventional precious metal-based materials. This study introduces a novel, straightforward, single-step process for fabricating a bimetallic MoCo catalyst integrated within a three-dimensional (3D) nanoporous network of N, P-doped carbon nitride derived from a self-contained precursor.

Assessing outcomes of acute myocarditis in Saudi Arabia: A retrospective tertiary center experience.

Objectives: To assess the clinical course and long-term outcomes of complicated and uncomplicated AM in Saudi Arabia. Acute myocarditis (AM) can have different presentations and outcomes based on different factors, one of which is left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Methods: Data from 382 patients with suspected AM, admitted between January 2016 and October 2023, were reviewed.

Monitoring of the Local Extracellular Environment Using Chiral Gold Nanoparticles.

In three-dimensional (3D)-printed tissue models, sensitive, noninvasive techniques are required to detect changes in hydrogel structure caused by cellular remodeling. We demonstrate herein that circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy provides a reliable method for detecting hydrogel structural variations. We probe directly the plasmonic optical activity of chiral gold nanorods (c-AuNRs) embedded within the hydrogel matrix, in response to variations in the local environment.

Introduction to Digital Subtraction Myelography for CSF-Venous Fistula Detection.

The purpose of this video is to introduce digital subtraction myelography for CSF-venous fistula (CVF) detectection. CVF is the most recently identified and likely the most prevalent type of spinal CSF leak that leads to spontaneous intracranial hypotension CVFs are occult on conventional MRI and CT, necessitating the use of myelography for the diagnosis. This video highlights one such technique, which is important because an increasing number of centers are starting to diagnose CVF.