Biomechanical Outcomes of Glenoid Bone Graft Fixation Techniques: A Systematic Review.

Background: The Latarjet and other bony augmentation procedures are commonly used to treat anterior shoulder instability in the setting of significant glenoid bone loss. Although several fixation strategies have been reported, the biomechanical strength of these techniques remains poorly understood.

Purpose: To perform a systematic review of the biomechanical strength of glenoid bony augmentation procedures for anterior shoulder instability.

Deciphering Polymer Interactions in Bioconjugates with Different Architectures by Structural Analysis via Time-resolved Limited Proteolysis Mass Spectrometry.

Therapeutic proteins are commonly conjugated with polymers to modulate their pharmacokinetics but often lack a description of the polymer-protein interaction. We deployed limited proteolysis mass spectrometry (LiP-MS) to reveal the interaction of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and PEG alternative polymers with interferon-α2a (IFN). Target conjugates were digested with the specific protease trypsin and a "heavy" 15N-IFN wild type (IFN-WT) for time-resolved quantification of the cleavage dynamics.

g-C3N4 S-Scheme Homojunction through van der Waals Interface Regulation by Intrinsic Polymerization Tailoring for Enhanced Photocatalytic H2 Evolution and CO2 Reduction.

The effective S-scheme homojunction relies on the precise regulation of band structure and construction of advantaged charge migration interfaces. Here, the electronic structural properties of g-C3N4 were modulated through meticulous polymerization of self-assembled supramolecular precursors. Experimental and DFT results indicate that both the intrinsic bandgap and surface electronic characteristics were adjusted, leading to the formation of an in-situ reconstructed homojunction interface facilitated by intrinsic van der Waals forces.

[Efficiency analysis of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity after brain injury: a multicenter retrospective cohort study].

Objective: To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on paroxysmal sympathetic hyperexcitation (PSH) after brain injury.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective study was conducted. Fifty-six patients with PSH who received HBO treatment from four hospitals in Henan Province from January 2021 to September 2023 were selected as the HBO group, and 36 patients with PSH who did not receive HBO treatment from Zhengzhou People's Hospital from May 2018 to December 2020 were selected as the control group.

A Pilot Study for an Interactive Activity Educating First-Year Medical Students on How (Not What) to Prescribe.

Objective: Pharmacotherapy outcomes may be influenced as much by psychosocial factors as by medication. Comprehensive discussion of such factors may contribute to better patient outcomes and may counter aspects of a curriculum that prioritizes efficiency and that has the potential to undermine clinician empathy. This pilot study aimed to explore the benefits of teaching psychosocial aspects of prescribing and student acceptance of such teaching.

Manubriosternal Morphology of Anthropoid Primates.

Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to examine the proportions of the manubrium and sternebrae across anthropoid primates to explore variation hypothesized to be related to thoracic shape and locomotor specialization, and to determine whether the sternoclavicular joint orientation in hominoids reflects hypothesized differences in shoulder joint positioning relative to the thorax.

Materials And Methods: Metric data and sternoclavicular joint orientation data were collected from calibrated photographs of manubria and sternebrae from a large sample (n = 244) of extant anthropoid primates, as well as a small sample of fossil taxa. Manubriosternal and rib cage metric data were also collected from CT scans of an additional 52 extant anthropoid torsos.

Phenotypic Expansion: Fetus With Cole-Carpenter Type 2 Presenting With Novel Neonatal Lethal Skeletal Dysplasia.

We report a 28-year-old G2P0 at 24 weeks 5 days who presented for evaluation secondary to suspected skeletal dysplasia in her fetus. Fetal ultrasound imaging demonstrated foreshortened long bones by 9-10 weeks, multiple bowing deformities and fractures, 11 foreshortened paired ribs with fractures, decreased skull mineralization, frontal bossing, enlarged cavum septum pellucidi, and severe fetal growth restriction (< 2%). Findings were concerning for life limiting condition with thoracic circumference < 2.

Three-Dimensional Gait Analysis of School-Age Children With Angelman Syndrome: A Case-Control Study.

Gait disturbance is a common motor symptom in Angelman syndrome (AS), but its characteristics have been poorly studied quantitatively. This study aimed to analyze gait characteristics in school-age children with AS using three-dimensional gait analysis (3DGA). Patients with clinically and genetically confirmed AS and healthy children aged 6-15 years were included.

Rare Coronary Artery Anomaly: Single Coronary Artery from Distal Circumflex Detected by CT.

BACKGROUND A single coronary artery is a rare congenital anomaly of the coronary arteries distribution, with an incidence of only 0.03% in the general population undergoing coronary angiography. RCA arising from the distal circumflex artery is an extremely rare variety.

Osteoporosis Caused by Monoallelic Variant of WNT1 Gene in Four Pediatric Patients.

Pediatric patients of autosomal dominant early onset osteoporosis conferred by heterozygous mutation in the WNT1 (OMIM: 615221) were rarely reported, and therapy in pediatrics is relatively inexperienced. The clinical and genotypic characteristics and treatment process of four children with osteoporosis caused by WNT1 monoallelic variation were analyzed. The patients admitted from June 2023 to January 2024.

Galloyl Dialkyl Lipids Drive Encapsulation of Peptides into Lipid Nanoparticles by Hydrogen Bonding.

The intracellular delivery of peptides and proteins is crucial for various biomedical applications. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a promising strategy for delivering peptides to phagocytic cells. However, the diverse physicochemical properties of peptides necessitate tailored formulations.

Radical Anions of Porphyrin Molecular Wires: Delocalization and Dynamics.

The delocalization length of charge carriers in organic semiconductors influences their mobility and is an important factor in the design of functional materials. Here, we have studied the radical anions of a series of linear and cyclic butadiyne-linked porphyrin oligomers using CW-EPR, H Mims ENDOR and NIR/MIR spectroelectrochemistry together with DFT calculations and multiscale molecular modeling. Low-temperature hyperfine EPR spectroscopy and optical data show that polarons are delocalized nonuniformly over about four porphyrins with most of the spin density on just two units even in the cyclic structures, in which all porphyrin sites are identical.

Efficient Cytosolic Delivery of Single-Chain Polymeric Artificial Enzymes for Intracellular Catalysis and Chemo-Dynamic Therapy.

Designing artificial enzymes for in vivo catalysis presents a great challenge due to biomacromolecule contamination, poor biodistribution, and insufficient substrate interaction. Herein, we developed single-chain polymeric nanoparticles with Cu/N-heterocyclic carbene active sites (SCNP-Cu) to function as peroxidase mimics for in vivo catalysis and chemo-dynamic therapy (CDT). Compared with the enzyme mimics based on unfolded linear polymer scaffold and multichain cross-linked scaffold, SCNP-Cu exhibits improved tumor accumulation and CDT efficiency both in vitro and in vivo.

Critical Role of Tetrahedral Coordination in Determining the Polysulfide Conversion Efficiency on Spinel Oxides.

Understanding the structure-property relationship and the way in which catalysts facilitate polysulfide conversion is crucial for the rational design of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery catalysts. Herein, a series of NiAlO, CoAlO, and CuAlO spinel oxides with varying Ni, Co, or Cu tetrahedral and octahedral site occupancy are studied as Li-S battery catalysts. Combined with experimental and theoretical analysis, the tetrahedral site is identified as the most active site for enhancing polysulfide adsorption and charge transfer.

Flood-driven survival and growth of dominant C grasses helps set their distributions along tallgrass prairie moisture gradients.

Premise: Five C grasses (Bouteloua curtipendula, Schizachyrium scoparium, Andropogon gerardii, Sorghastrum nutans, Spartina pectinata) dominate different portions of a moisture gradient from dry to wet tallgrass prairies in the Upper Midwest of the United States. We hypothesized that their distributions may partly reflect differences in flooding tolerance and context-specific growth relative to each other.

Methods: We tested these ideas with greenhouse flooding and drought experiments, outdoor mesocosm experiments, and a natural experiment involving a month-long flood in two wet-mesic prairies.

Optimizing Surface Maleimide/cRGD Ratios Enhances Targeting Efficiency of cRGD-Functionalized Nanomedicines.

Thiol-maleimide (MI) chemistry is a cornerstone of bioconjugation strategies, particularly in the development of drug delivery systems. The cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (cRGD) peptide, recognized for its ability to target the integrin αβ, is commonly employed to functionalize maleimide-bearing nanoparticles (NPs) for fabricating cRGD-functionalized nanomedicines. However, the impact of cRGD density on tumor targeting efficiency remains poorly understood.

Determinants of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among men who have sex with men (MSM) living in rural areas of the United States: A scoping review framed by the PrEP care continuum.

Background: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective intervention to prevent HIV transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM). Despite its effectiveness, PrEP uptake and adherence among MSM in the United States remain suboptimal, particularly in rural areas.

Objective: The present study presents a scoping review of the self-reported barriers and facilitators of PrEP use among MSM living in rural areas of the United States.

Sexualized drug use factors among rural sexual minority men.

Purpose: Although rural sexual minority men (SMM) use substances immediately before/during sex (i.e., sexualized drug use), the factors contributing to this behavior are unknown.

Ipsilateral Breast Carcinoma Recurrence: True Recurrence or New Primary? A Clinicopathologic and Molecular Study.

Determining whether an ipsilateral breast carcinoma recurrence is a true recurrence or a new primary remains challenging based solely on clinicopathologic features. Algorithms based on these features have estimated that up to 68% of recurrences might be new primaries. However, few studies have analyzed the clonal relationship between primary and secondary carcinomas to establish the true nature of recurrences.

The impact of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on anterior cingulate cortex activity in a cognitive control task.

Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) offers a non-invasive method to enhance noradrenergic neurotransmission in the human brain, thereby increasing cognitive control. Here, we investigate if changes in cognitive control induced by tVNS are mediated through locus coeruleus-induced modifications of neural activity in the anterior cingulate cortex. Young healthy participants engaged in a simple cognitive control task focusing on response inhibition and a more complex task that involved both response inhibition and working memory, inside a magnetic resonance imaging scanner.

Shift work schedules alter immune cell regulation and accelerate cognitive impairment during aging.

Background: Disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle and other circadian rhythms typically precede the age-related deficits in learning and memory, suggesting that these alterations in circadian timekeeping may contribute to the progressive cognitive decline during aging. The present study examined the role of immune cell activation and inflammation in the link between circadian rhythm dysregulation and cognitive impairment in aging.

Methods: C57Bl/6J mice were exposed to shifted light-dark (LD) cycles (12 h advance/5d) during early adulthood (from ≈ 4-6mo) or continuously to a "fixed" LD12:12 schedule.

The associations between the energy and timing of sugar-sweetened beverage intake and phenotypic age acceleration in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional survey of NHANES 2007-2010.

Objectives: The relationship between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake and phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between the energy and timing of SSB intake and PhenoAgeAccel in adults.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010, which involved U.