Transformers for Neuroimage Segmentation: Scoping Review.

Background: Neuroimaging segmentation is increasingly important for diagnosing and planning treatments for neurological diseases. Manual segmentation is time-consuming, apart from being prone to human error and variability. Transformers are a promising deep learning approach for automated medical image segmentation.

Study of the behaviour of cations in leaching of NCA lithium-ion batteries by electrodialysis.

End-of-life lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) present an opportunity to generate a circular economy through recycling. One of the techniques that can contribute to the purification of leached batteries is electrodialysis. In this work, we present a study of current variation in relation to monovalent (Li), divalent (Ni and Co) and trivalent (Al) cations from the synthetic solution of an NCA-type lithium-ion battery leachate, using electrodialysis membranes (HDX-100 and HDX-200) at three different current densities (12.

Effect of iron fortification and prebiotics on iron biomarkers in anemic rats.

One of the biggest public health problems globally is that of iron deficiency anemia. The present research aimed to determine the effect of prebiotics along with iron fortification on iron biomarkers in female anemic rats as some evidence suggests that prebiotics convert increase the solubility of iron, thereby enhancing its absorption. A total of 126 Sprague Dawley rats were fed with sixteen different types of fortified feed containing prebiotics (Inulin + Galacto Oligosaccharides) and Iron Fortificants (Sodium Ferric Ethylenediaminetetraacetate + Ferrous Sulphate).

Epidemiological analysis of Leishmaniasis prevalence in Pakistan during 2016-2023.

Leishmaniasis, caused by the Leishmania parasite, remains a persistent public health challenge in Pakistan. Despite control efforts, the disease prevalence continues to rise, particularly among pediatric populations. Understanding prevalence patterns and transmission dynamics is critical for effective control strategies.

Prevalence and clinical profile of hepatitis C virus infections in multitransfused thalassemic patients in the capital twin cities of Pakistan.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) presents a significant global health concern, affecting 3.3% of the world's population. The primary mode of HCV transmission is through blood and blood products.

Cutting-edge: bionanomaterial solutions in the battle against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.

Amidst the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the imperative of our time resides in crafting stratagems of utmost precision to confront the relentless SARS-CoV-2 and quell its inexorable proliferation. A paradigm-shifting weapon in this battle lies in the realm of nanoparticles, where the amalgamation of cutting-edge nanochemistry begets a cornucopia of inventive techniques and methodologies designed to thwart the advances of this pernicious pathogen. Nanochemistry, an artful fusion of chemistry and nanoscience, provides a fertile landscape for researchers to craft innovative shields against infection.

Estimating the volume of the vitrectomized space using axial length: a guideline.

Purpose: The volume of the vitreous chamber varies with the size of the eye. The space created in the vitreous cavity by a vitrectomy is called the vitrectomized space. The volume of the vitrectomized space is strongly correlated with the axial length of the eye.

Protocol to boost the robustness and accuracy of spatial transcriptomics algorithms using ensemble techniques.

Spatial transcriptomics enhances our understanding of cellular organization by mapping gene expression data to precise tissue locations. Here, we present a protocol for using weighted ensemble method for spatial transcriptomics (WEST), which uses ensemble techniques to boost the robustness and accuracy of existing algorithms. We describe steps for preprocessing data, obtaining embeddings from individual algorithms, and ensemble integrating all embeddings as a similarity matrix.

Protocol for visualizing the chromatin assembly properties of epigenetic protein complexes via an HTM module-mediated artificial tethering system.

The detailed chromatin assembly processes for many epigenetic regulatory complexes are largely unknown. Here, we present a protocol utilizing heterochromatin-targeting module (HTM) module-mediated chromatin tethering followed by microscopy-based visualization to detect the recruitment priority between two components in Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1). Moreover, we detail procedures for detecting the resultant histone-modifying activities of PRC1 using immunofluorescence (IF) analyses.

Comparing the Use of Acupuncture as Adjunct Therapy to Usual Pain Control for Patients Presenting With Chronic Pain Exacerbations.

The aim of the Research to Practice column is to enhance the research critique abilities of both advanced practice registered nurses and emergency nurses, while also aiding in the translation of research findings into clinical practice. Each column focuses on a specific topic and research study. In this article, we used a scenario of chronic pain exacerbation to explore the study by Eucker et al.

Recalibrating Protection Factors Using Millisecond Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry.

Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) is a powerful technique to interrogate protein structure and dynamics. With the ability to study almost any protein without a size limit, including intrinsically disordered ones, HDX-MS has shown fast growing importance as a complement to structural elucidation techniques. Current experiments compare two or more related conditions (sequences, interaction partners, excipients, conformational states, etc.

Literature Commentary.

In this issue of JNO, Drs. Deborah I. Friedman and Mark L.

Modes of embodiment for an immersed experience in museums: The Royal Tank Museum.

This study examines how exhibits at the Royal Tank Museum (RTM) engage visitors through bodily experiences. The goal is to understand RTM's visitor interaction and engagement. This research fills a gap in the literature on Jordanian museums by documenting some experiential characteristics of museum exhibits and establishing a framework for evaluating embodied museum encounters.

Structural transitions of ionic microgel solutions driven by circularly polarized electric fields.

In this work, a theoretical approach is developed to investigate the structural properties of ionic microgels induced by a circularly polarized (CP) electric field. Following a similar study on chain formation in the presence of linearly polarized fields [T. Colla , , 2018, , 4321-4337], we propose an effective potential between microgels which incorporates the field-induced interactions a static, time averaged polarizing charge at the particle surface.

Distinguishing Charged Lepton Flavor Violation Scenarios with Inelastic μ→e Conversion.

The Mu2e and COMET experiments are expected to improve existing limits on charged lepton flavor violation (CLFV) by roughly 4 orders of magnitude. μ→e conversion experiments are typically optimized for electrons produced without nuclear excitation, as this maximizes the electron energy and minimizes backgrounds from the free decay of the muon. Here we argue that Mu2e and COMET will be able to extract additional constraints on CLFV from inelastic μ→e conversion, given the ^{27}Al target they have chosen and backgrounds they anticipate.

Dressed-State Spectroscopy and Magic Trapping of Microwave-Shielded NaCs Molecules.

We report on the optical polarizability of microwave-shielded ultracold NaCs molecules in an optical dipole trap. While dressing a pair of rotational states with a microwave field, we observe a marked dependence of the optical polarizability on the intensity and detuning of the dressing field. To precisely characterize differential energy shifts between dressed rotational states, we establish dressed-state spectroscopy.

Three-Body Recombination of Ultracold Microwave-Shielded Polar Molecules.

A combined experimental and theoretical study is carried out on the three-body recombination process in a gas of microwave-shielded polar molecules. For ground-state polar molecules dressed with a strong microwave field, field-linked bound states can appear in the intermolecular potential. We model three-body recombination into such bound states using classical trajectory calculations.

Simultaneous Unbinned Differential Cross-Section Measurement of Twenty-Four Z+jets Kinematic Observables with the ATLAS Detector.

Z boson events at the Large Hadron Collider can be selected with high purity and are sensitive to a diverse range of QCD phenomena. As a result, these events are often used to probe the nature of the strong force, improve Monte Carlo event generators, and search for deviations from standard model predictions. All previous measurements of Z boson production characterize the event properties using a small number of observables and present the results as differential cross sections in predetermined bins.

Prebiotics Beyond the Gut: Omics Insights, Artificial Intelligence, and Clinical Trials in Organ-Specific Applications.

Prebiotics, traditionally linked to gut health, are increasingly recognized for their systemic benefits, influencing multiple organ systems through interactions with the gut microbiota. Compounds like inulin, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) enhance short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, benefiting neurocognitive health, cardiovascular function, immune modulation, and skin integrity. Advances in biotechnology, including deep eutectic solvents (DES) for extraction and machine learning (ML) for personalized formulations, have expanded prebiotic applications.

Eco-friendly zinc oxide nanoparticle biosynthesis powered by probiotic bacteria.

The rapid advancement of nanotechnology, particularly in the realm of pharmaceutical sciences, has significantly transformed the potential for treating life-threatening diseases. A pivotal aspect of this evolution is the emergence of "green nanotechnology," which emphasizes the environmentally sustainable synthesis of raw materials through biological processes. This review focuses on the biological synthesis and application of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) from probiotic bacteria, particularly those sourced from wastewater.

Crystalline lens power and astigmatism calculation in myopia by swept-source optical coherence tomography: A pilot study.

Purpose: To calculate the crystalline lens power and astigmatism, as well as their changes following cycloplegia, in individuals with myopia using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Methods: Participants were divided into two groups according to axial length (AL). Crystalline lens parameters, including power, lens thickness (LT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and astigmatism, were measured with SS-OCT and analysed before and after cycloplegia.

Association Between Preterm Birth and Fulfillment of Desired Permanent Contraception.

Objectives: In cases of preterm delivery, the Medicaid sterilization policy mandates a signed consent form at least 72 h before surgery for permanent contraception, which is less than the 30 day minimum waiting period for term births. This study evaluated the association between preterm birth and fulfillment of planned permanent contraception.

Study Design: This was a secondary analysis of a multi-center retrospective cohort study of 3013 patients with a postpartum contraceptive plan of permanent contraception.

Investigating Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Primer for Clinicians.

Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is an infiltrative disease that results from the deposition of amyloid fibrils in the myocardium, resulting in restrictive cardiomyopathy. The amyloid fibrils are predominantly derived from two parent proteins, immunoglobulin light chain (AL) and transthyretin (ATTR), and ATTR is further classified into hereditary (ATTRv) and wild-type (ATTRwt) based on the presence or absence, respectively, of a mutation in the transthyretin gene. Once thought to be a rare entity, CA is increasingly recognized as a significant cause of heart failure due to improved clinical awareness and better diagnostic imaging.