Study of toxic and essential elemental imbalances at more advance stage of breast carcinoma patients.

Delayed diagnosis and limited access to healthcare resources are leading to advanced stage breast carcinoma posing a formidable health challenge to modern medical science. Avoiding the occurrence of breast carcinoma is only possible by ascertaining the risk factors contributing to the progression of this fatal malignancy. Among other factors, exposure to trace elements plays a decisive role in progression of breast carcinoma development.

The Landscape of Obesity Education Worldwide - Are We Doing Enough? Scoping Review of Content of Obesity Educational Interventions in Medical Schools and Residency Programs.

No study appraised the curricular content of published obesity education interventions (OEI) delivered to medical students, residents, or fellows. This scoping review identified and described the curricular content of published OEI, examined the specific obesity-related domains addressed, and proposed potential directions for future intervention development. We searched PubMed and Web of Science databases.

Towards eco-friendly pharmaceuticals: Regulatory and policy approaches for sustainable medicines use.

Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate how regulatory frameworks and policies are used to support the use of sustainable medicines within the pharmaceutical sector.

Methods: The Scopus database was searched to retrieve papers. Advanced search tool of the Scopus online database was used focused on the papers that have the search query included in their titles.

Role of Statins in Reducing Cardiovascular Mortality: A Systematic Review of Long-Term Outcomes.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide, highlighting the critical need for effective preventive therapies. Statins, or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are widely prescribed for their ability to lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and reduce CV risk. This systematic review evaluates the long-term impact of statins on CV and all-cause mortality across diverse populations, including those with chronic kidney disease, chronic heart failure, and other comorbid conditions.

Harnessing the FOXO-SIRT1 axis: insights into cellular stress, metabolism, and aging.

Aging and metabolic disorders share intricate molecular pathways, with the Forkhead box O (FOXO)- Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) axis emerging as a pivotal regulator of cellular stress adaptation, metabolic homeostasis, and longevity. This axis integrates nutrient signaling with oxidative stress defence, modulating glucose and lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and autophagy to maintain cellular stability. FOXO transcription factors, regulated by SIRT1 deacetylation, enhance antioxidant defence mechanisms, activating genes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, thereby counteracting oxidative stress and metabolic dysregulation.

Hypoxia-inducible factor and cellular senescence in pulmonary aging and disease.

Cellular senescence and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling are crucial in pulmonary aging and age-related lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. HIF plays a pivotal role in cellular adaptation to hypoxia, regulating processes like angiogenesis, metabolism, and inflammation. Meanwhile, cellular senescence leads to irreversible cell cycle arrest, triggering the senescence-associated secretory phenotype which contributes to chronic inflammation, tissue remodeling, and fibrosis.

Impact of lisinopril on cisplatin-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and impaired steroidogenesis in rat testis: involvement of Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1 and PPARγ signaling.

Testicular dysfunction is a significant long-term side effect of the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin (CDDP), primarily due to DNA damage and oxidative stress. Lisinopril (LSP), an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor commonly used for hypertension treatment, has a debated impact on reproductive function. This study investigates, for the first time, the ability of LSP to counteract CDDP-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and steroidogenic disturbances in rat testis.

Correction: Zafar et al. Skin Lesion Analysis and Cancer Detection Based on Machine/Deep Learning Techniques: A Comprehensive Survey. 2023, , 146.

In the published publication [...

Salivary IL-6 as a Biomarker for Early Childhood and Rampant Caries: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study.

This study aimed to explore the levels of salivary interleukin-6 (IL-6) in children diagnosed with Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and Rampant Caries (RC). Additionally, it sought to determine whether salivary IL-6 levels vary with the increased activity or number of carious lesions in children with ECC and RC. A cross-sectional study was conducted at RAK College of Dental Sciences (RAKCODS), Ras Al Khaimah, UAE.

A Contemporary Multifaceted Insight into the Association Between Diabetes Mellitus and Diverticular Disease: An Update About Geriatric Syndrome.

Diverticular disease, once considered a rare geriatric gastrointestinal condition, has now become a prevalent disorder associated with increased morbidity and healthcare costs. The spectrum of complications from diverticular disease ranges from incidental findings to more serious issues such as bleeding and diverticulitis. Symptomatic diverticular disease represents a significant economic burden in the western world.

Gitelman syndrome presenting with lower limb paralysis: a case report.

Background: Gitelman syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that affects the distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys. It often manifests through various symptoms, including muscle weakness, paresthesia, fatigue, or paralysis. Owing to the scarcity of case reports regarding Gitelman syndrome in the Middle East and North Africa region, it is imperative to spread awareness about this syndrome for prompt diagnosis.

Causal Association Between Microbiome and Oral-Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Introduction And Aims: This study aimed to examine the causal link between oral microbiome and the risk of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOPSCC) using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods: Utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables, we applied the MR inverse-variance weighted approach to assess the impact of salivary and tongue microbiome on OOPSCC. The data were obtained from the CNGBdb database and the UK Biobank, and analytical procedures were performed using the R package 'TwoSampleMR'.

A structural genomics approach to investigate Dystrophin mutations and their impact on the molecular pathways of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Background: Dystrophin is a key protein encoded by the gene, serves as a scaffold linking the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix that plays a critical role in muscle contraction, relaxation, and structural integrity. Mutations, particularly single-point amino acid substitutions, can lead to dysfunctional Dystrophin, causing muscular dystrophies, with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) being the most severe form.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 184 single-point amino acid substitutions on the structure and function of Dystrophin using computational approaches.

Eco-fertility: examining the climate change-total fertility rate nexus in the context of sustainable developmental goals in a systematic review approach.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are paramount as the global community confronts the ramifications of climate alterations, especially its implications on population dynamics. Initial studies suggest an intricate relationship between environmental determinants and reproductive choices. This systematic review elucidates the complex interplay between climate-related challenges and observed global fertility rate variations.

Utilitarian psychology and influenza vaccine acceptance in the United Arab Emirates: implications for moral education and public policy.

Seasonal influenza is still a challenge in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). There is consensus that the most effective way to address this problem is through yearly vaccination campaigns. Despite governmental efforts to make the influenza vaccine available, there remains some hesitancy among the population.

Does drug repurposing bridge the gaps in management of Parkinson's disease? Unravelling the facts and fallacies.

Repurposing the existing drugs for the management of both common and rare diseases is increasingly appealing due to challenges such as high attrition rates, the economy, and the slow pace of discovering new drugs. Drug repurposing involves the utilization of existing medications to treat diseases for which they were not originally intended. Despite encountering scientific and economic challenges, the pharmaceutical industry is intrigued by the potential to uncover new indications for medications.

A Young Adult With Persistent Headache: A Case of Central Neurocytoma.

Central neurocytomas are rare, typically benign neuronal tumors that primarily affect young adults and are most commonly located within the lateral ventricles. This report presents the case of a 23-year-old male who presented with a two-month history of progressive headache, nausea, vomiting, and cognitive decline. Neurological examination revealed papilledema, indicative of increased intracranial pressure.

Groundbreaking mRNA Lung Cancer Vaccine Trials: A New Dawn in Cancer Treatment.

The advent of mRNA vaccines has heralded a transformative era in oncology, exemplified by the BNT116 mRNA lung cancer vaccine. Leveraging the same ground-breaking technology as COVID-19 vaccines, BNT116 delivers tumor-specific genetic in-structions to the immune system, targeting non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most prevalent lung cancer subtype. This approach contrasts with conventional therapies that lack precision and often damage healthy tissues.

A Cross-Sectional Observational Study on the Prediction of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality from Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients from Different Socio-Demographic and Ethnic Groups.

Background: Currently, additional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including nationality, psychological characteristics, and social status, are under consideration. Therefore, there is a need for the exploration and assessment of the contribution and consideration of the aforementioned factors to determine patient-oriented management strategies.

Methods: Participants underwent a survey using the "social determinants" questionnaire, which was developed and initially utilized in the context of the extensive American MESA study.

Behavioral and histopathological insights into phenylthiazolyl-1,3,5-triazines: potential antidepressant candidates in a rat model of depression.

Objectives: To evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of Phenylthiazolyl-1,3,5-triazine derivatives through behavioral tests, molecular docking, and histopathological analysis in a rat brain model of depression.

Methods: Phenylthiazolyl-1,3,5-triazine derivatives were synthesized and administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg in albino rats. Behavioral effects were assessed using the Forced Swim Test and Tail Suspension Test.

Endocytic highways: Navigating macropinocytosis and other endocytic routes for precision drug delivery.

Drug molecules can reach intracellular targets by different mechanisms, such as passive diffusion, active transport, and endocytosis. Endocytosis is the process by which cells engulf extracellular material by forming a vesicle and transporting it into the cells. In addition to its biological functions, endocytosis plays a vital role in the internalization of the therapeutic molecules.

Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis concerning the effect of 980 nm Diode Laser and Twin Kleen irrigant for the elimination of smear layer off the root canal wall.

Objective: The present research aims to examine the effectiveness of 980 nm Diode Laser and Twin Kleen irrigant individually in addition to the combo for removing the smear layer from tooth canals in single-rooted teeth.

Materials And Methods: 60 single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth were chosen and inspected clinically and by radiography. Protaper was employed to prepare teeth up to F4.

Bridging gap in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease via postbiotics: Current practices and future prospects.

Aging is an extremely significant risk associated with neurodegeneration. The most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are distinguished by the prevalence of proteinopathy, aberrant glial cell activation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, defective autophagy, cellular senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic changes, neurogenesis suppression, increased blood-brain barrier permeability, and intestinal dysbiosis that is excessive for the patient's age. Substantial body studies have documented a close relationship between gut microbiota and AD, and restoring a healthy gut microbiota may reduce or even ameliorate AD symptoms and progression.

Association of trace element levels in primary teeth and occurrence of Cleft lip and/or palate.

Background: Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/CP) are common congenital anomalies with multifactorial origins, potentially influenced by environmental factors, including multi-trace metal exposure. Primary teeth, which form in utero, offer a unique biomatrix for assessing early-life metal exposure, yet remain underexplored in CL/CP research.

Objective: This case-control study aimed to investigate the association between multi-trace metal exposure and CL/CP occurrence by analyzing primary teeth using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS).