Structure-function relation of cytokinins determines their differential efficiency in mediating tobacco resistance against Pseudomonas syringae.

The classic plant growth-promoting phytohormone cytokinin has been identified and established as a mediator of pathogen resistance in different plant species. However, the resistance effect of structurally different cytokinins appears to vary and may regulate diverse mechanisms to establish resistance. Hence, we comparatively analysed the impact of six different adenine- and phenylurea-type cytokinins on the well-established pathosystem Nicotiana tabacum-Pseudomonas syringae.

Multifunctionality and Processability of a Thermoplastic Based Gel Electrolyte Cell for the Realization of Structural Batteries.

In this work, a battery layup consisting of a poorly flammable ionic liquid electrolyte and a poly(vinylidene fluoride--hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) thermoplastic has been developed along with composite anode and cathode electrodes. The developed gel electrolyte exhibits feasible ionic conductivity of about 1 mS/cm at 30 °C. State-of-the-art active electrode materials, i.

Positive association of oscillometrically estimated baseline arterial stiffness with incident diabetes and prediabetes: A large population-based cohort study.

Aims: This large population-based study aimed to investigate whether arterial stiffness, assessed oscillometrically, was associated with incident diabetes/prediabetes.

Methods: The study sample comprised 4240 participants from the Vitamin D Assessment (ViDA) Study (mean±SD age = 66 ± 8). Arterial stiffness was assessed from 5 April 2011-6 November 2012 by way of aortic PWV (aPWV) and estimated carotid-femoral PWV (ecfPWV).

The weighing process in patients on hemodialysis: an opportunity to improve volume management.

Background: Hemodialysis relies on accurate body mass (BM) assessment to determine ultrafiltration volumes, but we have not identified published practice patterns disclosing how to handle clothing mass. Here we investigated the potential impact of clothing mass on predialysis BM determination, hypothesizing that a standardized template for clothing mass estimation enhances accuracy, compared with conventional practice.

Methods: Measurements included dressed and undressed BM predialysis.

Specific gFET-Based Aptasensors for Monitoring of Microbiome Quality: Quantification of the Enteric Health-Relevant Bacterium Roseburia Intestinalis.

Roseburia intestinalis, enriched in the gut, is closely associated with obesity, intestinal inflammation, and other diseases. A novel detection method for R. intestinalis to replace the commonly used 16S rRNA sequencing technique is aim to developed, thus enabling real-time and low-cost monitoring of gut microbiota.

Contextual and affective precursors of physical activity intention and enactment examined through ecological momentary assessment.

Background: Regular physical activity (PA) provides numerous health benefits, which is why many people intend to lead an active lifestyle. Yet, internal and external states and barriers can hinder the translation of such intentions into actual behavior. This study prospectively studied such barriers, namely, the temporal relationship between the independent variables momentary affect (stress, emotions), and the dependent variables PA intentions and subsequent PA behavior.

ApoC-III proteoforms are associated with better lipid, inflammatory, and glucose profiles independent of total apoC-III.

Background: Apolipoprotein (apo) C-III is involved in several processes that increase triglyceride levels, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Four of its proteoforms have been the focus of several studies and have shown differential associations with cardiovascular risk biomarkers, mostly lipids. However, there are other proteoforms of apoC-III that have not yet been investigated in detail.

Incorporating an Intelligent Tutoring System Into a Game-Based Auditory Rehabilitation Training for Adult Cochlear Implant Recipients: Algorithm Development and Validation.

Background: Cochlear implants are implanted hearing devices; instead of amplifying sounds like common hearing aids, this technology delivers preprocessed sound information directly to the hearing (ie, auditory) nerves. After surgery and the first cochlear implant activation, patients must practice interpreting the new auditory sensations, especially for language comprehension. This rehabilitation process is accompanied by hearing therapy through face-to-face training with a therapist, self-directed training, and computer-based auditory training.

Airborne DNA: State of the art - Established methods and missing pieces in the molecular genetic detection of airborne microorganisms, viruses and plant particles.

Bioaerosol is composed of different particles, originating from organisms, or their fragments with different origin, shape, and size. Sampling, analysing, identification and describing this airborne diversity has been carried out for over 100 years, and more recently the use of molecular genetic tools has been implemented. However, up to now there are no established protocols or standards for detecting airborne diversity of bacteria, fungi, viruses, pollen, and plant particles.

Toward a common interpretation of the 3Rs principles in animal research.

Many scientific breakthroughs have depended on animal research, yet the ethical concerns surrounding the use of animals in experimentation have long prompted discussions about humane treatment and responsible scientific practice. First articulated by Russell and Burch, the 3Rs Principles of Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement have gained widespread recognition as basic guidelines for animal research. Over time, the 3Rs have transcended the research community, influencing policy decisions, animal welfare advocacy and public perception of animal experimentation.

H-NMR metabolomics identifies three distinct metabolic profiles differentially associated with cardiometabolic risk in patients with obesity in the Di@bet.es cohort.

Background: Obesity is a complex, diverse and multifactorial disease that has become a major public health concern in the last decades. The current classification systems relies on anthropometric measurements, such as BMI, that are unable to capture the physiopathological diversity of this disease. The aim of this study was to redefine the classification of obesity based on the different H-NMR metabolomics profiles found in individuals with obesity to better assess the risk of future development of cardiometabolic disease.

Plasmon-Enhanced Multiphoton Polymer Crosslinking for Selective Modification of Plasmonic Hotspots.

A novel approach to selectively modify narrow subareas of metallic nanostructures adjacent to plasmonic hotspots, where strong electromagnetic field amplification occurs upon localized surface plasmon (LSP) excitation, is reported. In contrast to surface plasmon-triggered polymerization, it relies on plasmonically enhanced multiphoton crosslinking (MPC) of polymer chains carrying photoactive moieties. When they are contacted with metallic nanostructures and irradiated with a femtosecond near-infrared beam resonantly coupled with LSPs, the enhanced field intensity locally exceeds the threshold and initiates MPC only at plasmonic hotspots.

Recombinase polymerase amplification in combination with electrochemical readout for sensitive and specific detection of PIK3CA point mutations.

As part of the ongoing evolution towards personalized anticancer therapy, mutation screening is becoming increasingly important and, therefore, also alternative detection strategies that allow for fast genetic diagnostics at the point of care. In the case of breast cancer, detecting cancer-associated point mutations in the PIK3CA gene is of particular importance for treatment decisions. We developed a recombinase polymerase amplification assay combined with an enzyme-linked electrochemical assay on multi-channel screen-printed gold sensors for specific and highly sensitive detection of three PIK3CA point mutations (H1047R, E545K, and E542K).

A framework for countermeasures design to support professional drivers' fitness-to-drive.

This paper presents a new conceptual framework, and stepwise approach to populate it, for informing countermeasure development to support fitness-to-drive for professional drivers. Professional drivers are vital to the transport network; however, the job is demanding and drivers are vulnerable to impairments which may impact safe driving. Countermeasures are any action or activity that mitigates the impact or frequency of occurrence of driver impairment.

FEMSEC-thematic issue "Rhizosphere-a One Health concept".

The strength of the microbial biogeographic patterns decreased along the increasing gradient of habitat specificity (from sediment to gut tissue) provided by a benthic sea urchin in the Southern Ocean.

Drought Stress, Elevated CO and Their Combination Differentially Affect Carbon and Nitrogen in Different Organs of Six Spring Wheat Genotypes.

This study aimed to analyze the combined impact of CO and drought stress at the flowering stage on carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and CN ratios in leaves, stem, and grains of bread wheat. Six diverse bread wheat genotypes, comprised of two commercial checks, two landraces, and two synthetics derivatives, were grown at two levels of CO, i.e.

A specific gFET-based aptasensor for quantitative monitoring of microbiome quality.

The use of health-relevant bacteria originating from human microbiomes for the control or therapy of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders or diabetes, is currently gaining increasing importance in medicine. Directed and successful engineering of microbiomes probiotic supplementation requires subtle, precise as well as, more importantly, easy, fast and convenient monitoring of its success, , in patients' gut. Based on a previously described polyclonal SELEX aptamer library evolved against the human gut bacterium , we finally isolated three individual aptamers that proved their performance concerning affinity, specificity and robustness in reliably labeling the target bacterium and in combination with "contaminating" control bacteria.

Predicting Outcomes of Preterm Neonates Post Intraventricular Hemorrhage.

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm neonates presents a high risk for developing posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD), a severe complication that can impact survival and long-term outcomes. Early detection of PHVD before clinical onset is crucial for optimizing therapeutic interventions and providing accurate parental counseling. This study explores the potential of explainable machine learning models based on targeted liquid biopsy proteomics data to predict outcomes in preterm neonates with IVH.

Semaglutide in patients with kidney failure and obesity undergoing dialysis and wishing to be transplanted: A prospective, observational, open-label study.

Aims: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and obesity are major global health challenges, eventually leading to kidney replacement therapy (KRT), but body mass index (BMI) thresholds hinder kidney transplantation. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists induce weight loss, thereby offering attractive treatment options; however, their safety and efficacy have not been systematically investigated in patients undergoing dialysis.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a prospective 12-week, open-label trial with 13 patients who had a BMI ≥ 30.

Geochemical fingerprinting and statistical variation of 35 elements in produced water and rock material from offshore chalk reservoirs.

Trace metals and metalloids occur in small quantities in the subsurface water generated from oil wells, called produced water (PW). While these substances are present in low concentrations, PW volumes are sufficiently large that they are still a potential environmental concern. This study has focused on quantifying 71 trace metals and metalloids present in PW from Danish offshore oil production sites.

Reference equations for pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, amplitude of forward and backward wave in a European general adult population.

Pulsatile hemodynamics have been shown to be independent predictors of cardiovascular events. The aim of the current study was to describe four pulsatile hemodynamic markers in a large, well-established, population-based cohort and to provide reference equations for sex- and age-based standardization of these measurements. 6828 adult participants from the Austrian LEAD (Lung, hEart, sociAl, boDy) cohort study, who were free from overt cardiovascular disease, non-diabetic based on blood test results, and had no history of pharmacological treatment for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, comprised the "reference population".