3,531 results match your criteria: "AGH - University of Science and Technology[Affiliation]"

The commercialisation of PEM water electrolysis is still hindered by the necessity of using noble metals that are rare, expensive and therefore unsustainable. To replace the benchmark HER catalyst Pt with more abundant materials, promising non-noble catalysts need to be identified and optimal electrode preparation and electrolysis conditions need to be transferred between catalyst materials to reveal their full potential under industrially relevant conditions. This study investigates the optimal ink composition for spray-coating the cathode regarding the effects on electrode structure, performance and catalyst layer composition.

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Background: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is considered the most effective treatment for people with severe obesity, and certain interventions could enhance its long-term results. The complete reporting of interventions' details is necessary for their replication in clinical settings.

Objectives: To investigate the completeness of reporting of lifestyle and nutritional interventions applied in immediate perioperative period (30-days preoperatively and postoperatively) in patients undergoing MBS using the 12-item Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist, and to explore factors associated with compliant reporting.

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Objective: Neural interfaces are designed to evoke specific patterns of electrical activity in populations of neurons by stimulating with many electrodes. However, currents passed simultaneously through multiple electrodes often combine nonlinearly to drive neural responses, making evoked responses difficult to predict and control. This response nonlinearity could arise from the interaction of many excitable sites in each cell, any of which can produce a spike.

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Analysis of the Influence of Different Diameters of De Laval Supersonic Nozzles on the Key Splashing Parameters of Remaining Slag.

Materials (Basel)

November 2024

Department of Machine Parts and Mechanism, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská Str. 2, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic.

The paper is devoted to the analysis of a supersonic nozzle system effect in gas-cooled lances on the technological parameters of slag splashing in an oxygen converter. Simulation calculations were carried out, taking into account the parameters of nozzles used in the technological lines of converter steel plants in Ukraine and Brazil. The problems were solved in several stages.

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Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), widely used in orthodontics and dentures, exhibits suboptimal mechanical properties, including flexural strength (FS), impact strength (IS), and tensile strength (TS), which are critical for ensuring durability, resistance to fracture, and overall functionality of dental appliances. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a promising filler due to their antimicrobial properties. This pre-registered (osf.

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Despite many years of research and continuous improvements in scientific equipment, some of the thermodynamic properties of binary systems are still unknown, or are only theoretically predicted or calculated. This situation often arises from the difficulties in preparing alloys for experimental measurements. The alloys from the Mg-Pd system, especially for the Pd-rich side, are difficult to produce, and the availability of thermodynamic data is very limited.

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Red blood cells (RBCs) play a role in the regulation of vascular tone via release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into the vasculature in response to various stimuli. Interestingly, ApoE/LDLR double-deficient (ApoE/LDLR) mice, a murine model of atherosclerosis, display a higher exercise capacity compared to the age-matched controls. However, it is not known whether increased exercise capacity in ApoE/LDLR mice is linked to the altered ATP release from RBCs.

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Objective: We sought to assess whether post-implant transcatheter aortic valve prosthesis multi detector computed characteristics differ between patients with native tricuspid and bicuspid aortic valve stenosis, as well as the effect on valve performance and clinical implications.

Methods: We analysed 100 consecutive post-implant multi detector computed tomography scans to assess self-expandable prosthesis non-uniform expansion at six pre-specified valvular levels, and other specific parameters, including valvular and perivalvular thrombosis at six months follow-up. Echocardiographic prosthesis performance and clinical outcome was also evaluated.

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Article Synopsis
  • Yeast capsules (YCs) loaded with fluorescent dyes were used to create hybrid microstructures by depositing silica (SiO) on their surfaces in a special buffered system.* -
  • The silica enhances the YCs' fluorescent properties while preserving the integrity of their polysaccharide walls, allowing for further modifications.* -
  • These new hybrid microcapsules have potential applications in optoelectronic devices like electrochromic and OLED technologies, and they are also biocompatible and biodegradable.*
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The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in dentistry is becoming increasingly significant, particularly in diagnosis and treatment planning. This study aimed to assess the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision of AI-driven software in analyzing dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs) in patients with permanent dentition. Out of 638 DPRs, 600 fulfilled the inclusion criteria.

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Identifying relationships between structural and functional networks is crucial for understanding the large-scale organization of the human brain. The potential contribution of emerging techniques like functional near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate the structure-functional relationship has yet to be explored. In our study, using simultaneous Electroencephalography (EEG) and Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) recordings from 18 subjects, we characterize global and local structure-function coupling using source-reconstructed EEG and fNIRS signals in both resting state and motor imagery tasks, as this relationship during task periods remains underexplored.

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Hydroxyapatite (HA) granules are frequently used in orthopedics and maxillofacial surgeries to fill bone defects and stimulate the regeneration process. Optimal HA granules should have high biocompatibility, high microporosity and/or mesoporosity, and high specific surface area (SSA), which are essential for their bioabsorbability, high bioactivity (ability to form apatite layer on their surfaces) and good osseointegration with the host tissue. Commercially available HA granules that are sintered at high temperatures (≥ 900 °C) are biocompatible but show low porosity and SSA (2-5 m/g), reduced bioactivity, poor solubility and thereby, low bioabsorbability.

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Pre-symptomatic scintigraphic and genetic cascade screening in cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis.

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging

November 2024

Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, St. John Paul II Hospital, Pradnicka 80, 31-202, Krakow, Poland.

Purpose: While early diagnosis is crucial, as new treatments can significantly slow the progression of the disease, there is growing evidence on the application of novel imaging techniques for detecting transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) in pre-symptomatic stages. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of pre-symptomatic scintigraphic imaging cascade screening for early detection of ATTR.

Methods: During the period from 2020 to 2024, we conducted a prospective study that enrolled 100 consecutive adults.

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Solvothermal Synthesis of Medium-Entropy Oxide Spheres for Thermocatalytic Conversion of CO to Methanol.

Chempluschem

November 2024

High Performance Ceramics Laboratory, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 129, Duebendorf, Switzerland.

New chemical compositions and structures for medium- and high-entropy oxides (HEOs) currently represent a promising new avenue in materials research for a wide range of applications including catalysis, energy storage, and ceramics. To speed up further development, synthesis methods for multicationic oxides are needed for controlling features like morphology, porosity, and chemical compositions. In this work, mesoporous spinel oxide spheres with five cations are synthesized using solvothermal synthesis techniques.

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Cytometry masked autoencoder: An accurate and interpretable automated immunophenotyper.

Cell Rep Med

November 2024

Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology & Immune Health (I3H), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address:

Single-cell cytometry data are crucial for understanding the role of the immune system in diseases and responses to treatment. However, traditional methods for annotating cytometry data face challenges in scalability, robustness, and accuracy. We propose a cytometry masked autoencoder (cyMAE), which automates immunophenotyping tasks including cell type annotation.

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Neural implants have the potential to restore lost sensory function by electrically evoking the complex naturalistic activity patterns of neural populations. However, it can be difficult to predict and control evoked neural responses to simultaneous multi-electrode stimulation due to nonlinearity of the responses. We present a solution to this problem and demonstrate its utility in the context of a bidirectional retinal implant for restoring vision.

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A general flame aerosol route to kinetically stabilized metal-organic frameworks.

Nat Commun

October 2024

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • * The authors present a new method for creating MOFs using non-equilibrium flame aerosol synthesis, which allows for the creation of both nano-crystalline and amorphous MOFs.
  • * This innovative synthesis can produce complex MOFs with multiple metal cations and has the potential for high-performance applications, such as using these materials in catalysts for CO oxidation, making it suitable for scalable industrial production.
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The challenge of enhancing wound healing and skin regeneration, particularly in conditions like burns and diabetic wounds, necessitates innovative solutions. Cholesterol, often associated with cardiovascular diseases, plays vital roles in cellular functions, maintaining skin integrity and preserving the skin barrier. Here, we explore cholesterol's significance, its influence on keratinocytes, and its potential application in skin regeneration.

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Activated carbons can be applied in various areas of our daily life depending on their properties. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of thermal treatment of activated carbon on its properties, considering its future use. The characteristics of activated carbon heat-treated at temperatures of 1500, 1800, and 2100 °C based on its future use are presented.

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Background: Some experimental data suggest that myokines may play an important role in developing cancer-associated cachexia (CAC), but their relevance in humans remains poorly explored. In our study, we tested the hypothesis that circulating myokines are associated with the pathogenesis of CAC in a model population of gastric cancer.

Methods: A group of 171 treatment naïve patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach were prospectively examined.

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Article Synopsis
  • * The weld microstructures were analyzed using various microscopy techniques, revealing fine, equiaxed grains and distinct features between the advancing and retreating sides of the welds.
  • * Mechanical tests showed that the 280/280 welds had higher tensile strengths but lower hardness compared to the 450/450 welds, and the fracture behavior differed significantly, with 280/280 showing ductile failure versus the quasi-brittle failure of 450/450.
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Article Synopsis
  • - Toxic milk (txJ) is a genetic mutation in the Atp7b gene found in a specific strain of mice, leading to symptoms similar to human Wilson's disease, and the study investigates the effects of this mutation on organ health over time.
  • - Using advanced spectroscopy techniques, researchers found elevated copper levels in several organs (like the liver and brain) of txJ mice, along with significant alterations in lipid content and protein structure, which suggests underlying damage.
  • - The findings indicate that txJ mice serve as an effective model for studying Wilson's disease, highlighting how copper accumulation can lead to tissue injury and neurodegeneration.
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Challenges of a Circular Economy: The Example of Raw Recycled Tyre Steel Fibres Added to Concrete.

Materials (Basel)

September 2024

Department of Building Materials Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland.

Article Synopsis
  • This research explores the use of untreated recycled tyre fibres as concrete reinforcement, focusing on sustainability and circular economy principles.
  • It compares traditional steel fibres with varying amounts of tyre fibres (25 kg/m and 45 kg/m) and examines their impacts on concrete properties like strength and fibre distribution.
  • The findings suggest that while using tyre fibres can still create durable concrete, it necessitates careful control of concrete parameters due to structural disturbances caused by higher fibre quantities.
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Environmental study and stress-related biomarkers modifications in a crew during analog astronaut mission EMMPOL 6.

Eur J Appl Physiol

September 2024

Occupational Medicine, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.

Article Synopsis
  • The study examines how humans respond to the hostile environment of space, focusing on isolation, disrupted sleep patterns, and high stress levels during a simulated moon mission.
  • Five healthy young participants lived in a habitat for a week, with their stress levels monitored through wearable devices and biological samples.
  • Results showed increased oxidative stress and cortisol levels, reduced sleep quality, and more daily exercise, suggesting that psychological stress and lack of sleep could negatively affect performance in long-term space missions.
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Article Synopsis
  • * The researchers examined over a thousand radiographs, identifying 35 suitable for AI assessment, which showed high sensitivity and specificity (over 85%) for detecting dental issues, but low precision overall.
  • * The findings indicate that AI performs less accurately for dental evaluations in children compared to adults, suggesting the need for improved AI software to differentiate between primary and permanent teeth in mixed dentition cases.
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