A phase I study of temsirolimus in combination with metformin in patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer.

Introduction: Molecular alterations in the PI3K/AKT and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathways are frequently observed in patients with endometrial cancers. However, mTOR inhibitors, such as temsirolimus, have modest clinical benefits. In addition to inducing metabolic changes in cells, metformin activates AMPK, which in turn inhibits the mTOR pathway.

Identifying an EEG Biomarker for Memory Recall through EEG and EDA in the Presence of Music.

Background: There is ample evidence that music can boost brain activity and jog deeply embedded memories. Literature indicates a significant improvement in autobiographical memory (ABM) recall for different individuals during background music sessions. Existing research is based solely on qualitative data, although music has a significant impact on physiological activity.

Identifying an EEG Biomarker for Memory Recall through EEG and EDA in the Presence of Music.

Background: There is ample evidence that music can boost brain activity and jog deeply embedded memories. Literature indicates a significant improvement in autobiographical memory (ABM) recall for different individuals during background music sessions. Existing research is based solely on qualitative data, although music has a significant impact on physiological activity.

KRAS Mutation Status and Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.

Importance: Despite the high prevalence of KRAS alterations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the clinical impact of common KRAS mutations with different cytotoxic regimens is unknown. This evidence is important to inform current treatment and provide a benchmark for emergent targeted KRAS therapies in metastatic PDAC.

Objective: To assess the clinical implications of common KRAS G12 mutations in PDAC and to compare outcomes of standard-of-care multiagent therapies across these common mutations.

A Multiple-Model-Informed Drug-Development Approach for Optimal Regimen Selection of an Oncolytic Virus in Combination With Pembrolizumab.

The antitumor efficacy of an intratumoral injection of a genetically engineered oncolytic vaccinia virus carrying human IL-7 and murine IL-12 genes (hIL-7/mIL-12-VV) was demonstrated in CT26.WT-bearing mice. In the CT26.

DetectEV: A functional enzymatic assay to assess integrity and bioactivity of extracellular vesicles.

The application of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as therapeutics or nanocarriers in cell-free therapies necessitates meticulous evaluations of different features, including their identity, bioactivity, batch-to-batch reproducibility, and stability. Given the inherent heterogeneity in EV preparations, this assessment demands sensitive functional assays to provide key quality control metrics, complementing established methods to ensure that EV preparations meet the required functionality and quality standards. Here, we introduce the detectEV assay, an enzymatic-based approach for assessing EV luminal cargo bioactivity and membrane integrity.

Evaluating bias in electronic health record data: using agent-based models to examine whether geographic disparities in community-acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are due to differential healthcare-seeking behaviors.

Electronic health records (EHR) are increasingly used in public health research. However, biases may exist when using EHR due to whether someone is captured in the data. Assessing the impact of bias in generating disparities identified with EHR data is difficult because information about healthcare-seeking behaviors is not included in the record.

Use of compound specific isotope analysis approach to monitor the aging process of Italian balsamic vinegars.

Stable isotope analysis has become a valuable tool for studying food chain processes and verifying the authenticity and geographical origin of typical products. The analysis is particularly important for those foods with geographical indications, such as Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale di Modena labelled with the protected designation of origin mark (ABTM PDO) and Aceto Balsamico di Modena with the protected geographical indication (ABM PGI). Understanding how the aging process affects the isotopic composition of specific compounds in ABTM is important for distinguishing between traditional and non-traditional products, as well as for verifying their authenticity.

Integrating agent-based models and clustering methods for improving image segmentation.

Image segmentation through clustering is a widely used technique in computer vision that partitions an image into multiple segments by grouping pixels based on feature similarity. Although effective for certain applications, this approach often struggles with the complexity of real-world images, where noise and random variations can significantly affect feature homogeneity, leading to incorrect pixel classifications. To address these limitations, this paper introduces a novel hybrid image segmentation method that combines an agent-based model with a clustering technique to enhance segmentation accuracy and robustness.

Modelling the Impact of HIF on Metabolism and the Extracellular Matrix: Consequences for Tumour Growth and Invasion.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex structure involved in many biological processes with collagen being the most abundant protein. Density of collagen fibers in the matrix is a factor influencing cell motility and migration speed. In cancer, this affects the ability of cells to migrate and invade distant tissues which is relevant for designing new therapies.

Factors Associated With Mortality Among Hospitalized Children With Acute Bacterial Meningitis in a Resource-Limited Setting: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) is a significant public health problem in developing countries, including Yemen, especially during warfare. This is because persistent political turmoil impedes ABM prevalence, etiology, and treatment. Here, we investigate the factors associated with mortality among hospitalized children with ABM in a resource-limited setting.

Plaque heterogeneity influences in-stent restenosis following drug-eluting stent implantation: Insights from patient-specific multiscale modelling.

In-stent restenosis represents a major cause of failure of percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent implantation. Computational multiscale models have recently emerged as powerful tools for investigating the mechanobiological mechanisms underlying vascular adaptation processes during in-stent restenosis. However, to date, the interplay between intervention-induced inflammation, drug delivery and drug retention has been under-investigated.

Phase 1b/2 study of orally administered pexidartinib in combination with radiation therapy and temozolomide in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) has a median survival of <2 years. Pexidartinib (PLX3397) is a small-molecule inhibitor of CSF1R, KIT, and oncogenic FTL3, which are implicated in GBM treatment resistance. Results from glioma models indicate that combining radiation therapy (RT) and pexidartinib reduces radiation resistance.

50 Years of Antibody Numbering Schemes: A Statistical and Structural Evaluation Reveals Key Differences and Limitations.

Background: The complementarity-determining region (CDR) of antibodies represents the most diverse region both in terms of sequence and structural characteristics, playing the most critical role in antibody recognition and binding for immune responses. Over the past decades, several numbering schemes have been introduced to define CDRs based on sequence. However, the existence of diverse numbering schemes has led to potential confusion, and a comprehensive evaluation of these schemes is lacking.

Efficacy of traditional and gamified attention bias modification for depression: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Cognitive models posit that negatively biased attention toward dysphoric information has a causal role in the maintenance of depression-related psychopathology. Attention bias modification (ABM) tests this idea by altering an attentional bias and examining subsequent effects on depression. Prior work finds that ABM alters negatively biased attention for dysphoric information and reduces depression; however, a number of studies have failed to show these effects.

Antioxidant Effects of Moringa oleifera Against Abamectin-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Brain and Erythrocytes of Rats.

The current study was conducted to explore the phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera leaves aqueous extract (MOLE), as well as its in vivo modulatory effects on abamectin (ABM)-induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes and brain tissue. Following extraction, the total phenolic, flavonoid, condensed tannin and ortho-diphenolic contents of MOLE were determined. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis allowed the identification and the quantification of 12 bioactive compounds: gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, quercetin, ferulic acid, ascorbic acid, alizarin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, resveratrol, and naringin.

Effect of post heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-rolled AA2017 aluminum alloy.

This study investigates the effects of heat treatment, involving solubilization and aging, on the microstructure of AA2017-T451 aluminum alloy. Samples of 4 mm thick rolled plate of AA2017 underwent solution treatment at 500 °C for two different durations, namely 2 h and 6 h, followed by either water quenching (WQ) or air quenching (AQ). Subsequently, they were artificially aged (AA) at 175 °C for 8 h.

Antibacterial activity of copper-decorated CeO nanoparticles and preparation of antifouling polyethersulfone surface.

Cerium oxide NPs (-CeO), with notable performance in various biological tests like redox activity, free radical scavenging, and biofilm inhibition, emerge as significant candidates to address issues in related areas. In this research, copper-decorated -CeO (Cu@-CeO) were first synthesized and then characterized using advanced techniques such as SEM-EDX, XRD, XPS, BET, and ICP-OES. The biochemical properties of the obtained Cu@-CeO nanostructure and its performance in polyethersulfone (PES) membranes were thoroughly investigated in this research study.

Green Carbon Dots/CaCO/Abamectin Colloidal Pesticide Formulation for Safer and More Effective Pest Management.

An ideal green leaf-deposited pesticide formulation should offer advantages such as good water dispersibility, strong foliar affinity, sustained or controlled release of active ingredients, photostability and rain-fastness, minimal nontarget toxicity, use of nontoxic organic solvents, and degradable adjuvants. In line with this objective, we present green preparation of a colloidal pesticide formulation using optimized lysine-derived carbon dots (LysCDs)-modified CaCO (LysCDs/CaCO) particles as the carrier and abamectin (Abm) as the active ingredient. The loading capacity of abamectin in this colloidal pesticide (LysCDs/CaCO/Abm) is 1.

A New Perspective on Drugs for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Proposals for Better Respiratory Outcomes and Improved Regulatory Pathways.

New drugs for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are emerging rapidly. However, we and others believe these drugs are achieving regulatory approval prematurely. It is the cardiorespiratory complications of DMD that cause the disease's major morbidities and that determine survival.

Exploring urban scenarios of individual residential waste sorting using a spatially explicit agent-based model.

Managing the diverse waste fractions generated by households presents a significant environmental and logistical challenge. One widely adopted solution is waste sorting at the source, where residents are required to separate their waste into designated containers. The success of this strategy depends on the extent of adoption and the behaviour of residents.

Agent based modelling of blood borne viruses: a scoping review.

Background: The models that historically have been used to model infectious disease outbreaks are equation-based and statistical models. However, these models do not capture the impact of individual and social factors that affect the spread of common blood-borne viruses (BBVs) such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Agent-based modelling (ABM) is an alternative modelling approach that is gaining popularity in public health and epidemiology.

Mitigating housing market shocks: an agent-based reinforcement learning approach with implications for real-time decision support.

Research in modelling housing market dynamics using agent-based models (ABMs) has grown due to the rise of accessible individual-level data. This research involves forecasting house prices, analysing urban regeneration, and the impact of economic shocks. There is a trend towards using machine learning (ML) algorithms to enhance ABM decision-making frameworks.

The Use of Arts-Based Methods to Enhance Patient Engagement in Health Research.

Introduction: Patient and care partner engagement in research (PER) is important in generating knowledge to improve healthcare. Arts-based methods (ABM) use art in the research process to share aesthetic knowledge, which is knowledge that may be too complex to share only verbally. Together, PER and ABM are potentially synergistic, as both are participatory, problem-focused, dialogic, and collaborative; yet little is known of the utility of ABM for PER.

Mobility and non-household environments: understanding dengue transmission patterns in urban contexts.

Background: Households (HH) have been traditionally described as the main environments where people are at risk of dengue (and other arbovirus) infection. Mounting entomological evidence has suggested a larger role of environments other than HH in transmission. Recently, an agent-based model (ABM) estimated that over half of infections occur in non-household (NH) environments like workplaces, markets, and recreational sites.