Co-culture of postnatal mouse spinal cord and skeletal muscle explants as an experimental model of neuromuscular interactions.

The intercommunication between nerves and muscles plays an important role in the functioning of our body, and its failure leads to severe neuromuscular disorders such as spinal muscular atrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying nerve-muscle interactions and mediating their mutual influence is an integral part of strategies aimed at curing neuromuscular diseases. Here, we propose a novel ex vivo experimental model for the spinal cord (SC) and skeletal muscle interactions which for the first time utilizes only fully formed (but not yet quite functional) postnatal tissues.

Fibroblasts and polymer composition are essential for bioengineering of airway epithelium on nonwoven scaffolds.

To make tissue engineering a truly effective tool, it is necessary to understand how the patterns of specific tissue development are modulated by and depend on the artificial environment. Even the most advanced approaches still do not fully meet the requirements of practical engineering of tracheobronchial epithelium. This study aimed to test the ability of the synthetic and natural nonwoven scaffolds to support the formation of morphological sound airway epithelium including the basement membrane (BM).

Alteration of PBMC transcriptome profile after interaction with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells under "physiological" hypoxia.

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have demonstrated a pronounced immunosuppressive activity, the manifestation of which depends on the microenvironmental factors, including O level. Here we examined the effects of MSCs on transcriptomic profile of allogeneic phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after interaction at ambient (20%) or "physiological" hypoxia (5%) O. As revealed with microarray analysis, PBMC transcriptome at 20% O was more affected, which was manifested as differential expression of more than 300 genes, whereas under 5% O 220 genes were changed.

World Federation for Interventional Stroke Treatment (WIST) Multispecialty Training Guidelines for Endovascular Stroke Intervention.

Introduction: Today, endovascular treatment (EVT) is the therapy of choice for strokes due to acute large vessel occlusion, irrespective of prior thrombolysis. This necessitates fast, coordinated multi-specialty collaboration. Currently, in most countries, the number of physicians and centres with expertise in EVT is limited.

[Miocarditis in Patients with COVID-19 Confirmed by Immunohistochemical].

Aim      Despite the regular heart damage in patients with coronavirus pneumonia caused by SARS-Cov-2, a possibility of developing lymphocytic myocarditis as a part of COVID-19 remains unsubstantiated. The aim of this study was to demonstrate a possibility of lymphocytic myocarditis and to study its morphological features in patients with the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) with a severe course.Material and methods   Postmortem data were studied for 5 elderly patients (74.

Randomized Clinical Trial of Surgical vs. Percutaneous vs. Hybrid Revascularization in Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease: Residual Myocardial Ischemia and Clinical Outcomes at One Year-Hybrid coronary REvascularization Versus Stenting or Surgery (HREVS).

Aim: Optimal revascularization strategy in multivessel (MV) coronary artery disease (CAD) eligible for percutaneous management (PCI) and surgery remains unresolved. We evaluated, in a randomized clinical trial, residual myocardial ischemia (RI) and clinical outcomes of MV-CAD revascularization using coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR), or MV-PCI.

Methods: Consecutive MV-CAD patients ( = 155) were randomized (1 : 1 : 1) to conventional CABG (LIMA-LAD plus venous grafts) or HCR (MIDCAB LIMA-LAD followed by PCI for remaining vessels) or MV-PCI (everolimus-eluting CoCr stents) under Heart Team agreement on equal technical and clinical feasibility of each strategy.

The Effect of Donor Age and Recipient Characteristics on Renal Outcomes in Patients Receiving Prolonged-Release Tacrolimus After Liver Transplantation: Post-Hoc Analyses of the DIAMOND Study.

BACKGROUND The DIAMOND study of de novo liver transplant patients showed that prolonged-release tacrolimus exposure in the acute post-transplant period maintained renal function over 24 weeks of treatment. To assess these findings further, we performed a post-hoc analysis in patients according to baseline kidney function, Model for End-stage Liver Disease [MELD] scores, and donor age. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients received prolonged-release tacrolimus (initial-dose, Arm 1: 0.

Important problems in the diagnosis and treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis (based on the Russian consensus on diagnosis and treatment autoimmune hepatitis. Moscow, 2018).

The article is published based on the results of the Russian Consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), discussed at the 44th annual Scientific Session of the CNIIG "Personalized Medicine in the Era of Standards" (March 1, 2018). The aim of the review is to highlight the current issues of classification of diagnosis and treatment of patients with PSC, which causes the greatest interest of specialists. The urgency of the problem is determined by the multivariate nature of the clinical manifestations, by often asymptomatic flow, severe prognosis, complexity of diagnosis and insufficient study of PSC, the natural course of which in some cases can be considered as a function with many variables in terms of the nature and speed of progression with numerous possible clinical outcomes.

Reciprocal modulation of cell functions upon direct interaction of adipose mesenchymal stromal and activated immune cells.

The interaction of adipose mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) and allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is regulated either through direct or paracrine mechanisms. Here, we examined the impact of direct contact in reciprocal regulation of ASC-PBMC functions. Activated PBMCs in vitro induced ASC immunomodulatory activity, while direct and paracrine intercellular interactions regulated PBMCs themselves: the functional state of the organelles was altered, and activation decreased.

Activation of IGF/IGF-IR signaling pathway fails to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer cells.

Background: Pancreatic cancer stromal cells produce various protein factors, which presumably provide cancer cells with drug resistance and may influence their ability to form metastasis via induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (ЕМТ). The goal of our project was to study the effects of IGF-I on expression of protein markers of epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation, and on expression of transcriptional regulators of EMT in pancreatic cancer cell lines.

Methods: We used Western blot analysis to study the expression patterns of epithelial and mesenchymal protein markers in pancreatic cancer cell lines, which have been stimulated with IGF-I for various periods of time.

Combination of laparoscopy and endoscopy as an option for treatment patients with gastric neuroendocrine tumors.

Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are relatively rare neoplasms with the increasing survival due to the development of early diagnostics. There is no universal position in treatment and follow up of small (~20 mm) gastric NETs.

Clinical Cases: Two female patients 51 and 66 y.

[Diagnosis and surgical treatment of duodenal tumors].

Aim: To present the experience in diagnosis and surgical treatment of duodenal tumors.

Material And Methods: The study included 27 patients with different duodenal tumors: adenocarcinoma (AC, n=8), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST, n=13), neuroendocrine tumor (NET, n=6). The examination included computed tomography (in 27 patients), magnetic resonance imaging (12), transcutaneous ultrasound (14), endosonography (16), esophagogastroduodenoscopy (16).

Computed tomography diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism.

The article presents data on modern approaches to the diagnosis of various manifestations of hyperparathyroidism according to multispiral computed tomography, which do not require morphological verification and ensure the correctness of the diagnostic process. The radiological picture and differential diagnostics of changes from parathyroid glands and bone structures at hyperparathyroidism are described in detail.

Overview of the current electrophysiology (EP) state of affairs in Russia.

Russia is the largest country in the world based on the landmass, covering more than one-eighth of the earth's inhabited area. Russia faces challenges in electrophysiology (EP) care including insufficient and uneven financing, complicated system for identifying optimal treatment for individual patients, relative paucity of reasonable educational and certification scope for electrophysiologists, suboptimal national statistical data gathering regarding heart rhythm disorders and EP devices in use, and weak networking of medical information. In comparison with the average level of EP utilization in ESC countries, Russia utilizes around 50% in pacemaker; 10% in ICD; 8% in cardiac resynchronization therapy; 55% in ablations; and 45% in AF ablations.

Nonhypervascular pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Spectrum of MDCT imaging findings and differentiation from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to determine contrast-enhanced MDCT features to differentiate nonhypervascular pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs).

Methods: and materials: We included 74 patients with PNETs and 80 patients with PDACs who underwent preoperative MDCT. Two radiologists evaluated the morphologic characteristic and enhancement patterns of the tumors.

[Intrapancreatic accessory spleen].

Background: Accessory spleen is the human growth anomaly, which appears in embryogenesis and frequently becomes an accidental finding during prophylactic medical examination. Pancreatic tail - the second frequent localization after the splenic hilus. Intrapancreatic accessory spleen can mimic the pancreatic tumor.

[The Case of Successful Surgical Treatment of a Patient With Thoracic Endograft Infection in 5 Years After Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair].

We present here a case of successful staged treatment of a patient with para-aortic abscess that arose 5 years after thoracic endovascular aortic repair because of thoracic aortic aneurysm. After stabilization of the patient's condition by intensive antibiotic therapy we performed left-subclavian extra-thoracic debranching as the first stage of the surgical treatment. In 2 weeks via median sternotomy and on-pump we removed the infected endograft and performed extraanatomical ascending-to-descending aortic bypass with good postoperative result.

[Clinical and biochemical aspects of pathogenesis of urolithiasis].

Aim: To investigate the role of infection in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis using chromatography mass spectrometry analysis.

Materials And Methods: The study analyzed clinical and laboratory data of 316 urolithiasis patients hospitalized between February 2005 and January 2015. All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical examination, including laboratory tests (hematological and biochemical blood tests, clinical and bacteriological tests of urine) and chromatography mass spectrometry analysis urine and blood.

Evaluation of committed and primitive cord blood progenitors after expansion on adipose stromal cells.

Umbilical cord blood mononuclear fraction is a valuable source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (CB HSPCs). The rarity of this population is a serious limitation of its application in cell therapy. Ex vivo expansion enables to significantly amplify the number of hematopoietic precursors of different commitment.