Divergent Contribution of Cytoplasmic Actins to Nuclear Structure of Lung Cancer Cells.

A growing body of evidence suggests that actin plays a role in nuclear architecture, genome organisation, and regulation. Our study of human lung adenocarcinoma cells demonstrates that the equilibrium between actin isoforms affects the composition of the nuclear lamina, which in turn influences nuclear stiffness and cellular behaviour. The downregulation of β-actin resulted in an increase in nuclear area, accompanied by a decrease in A-type lamins and an enhancement in lamin B2.

Small GTPase ARL4C Associated with Various Cancers Affects Microtubule Nucleation.

The changes in the level of small GTPase ARL4C are associated with the initiation and progression of many different cancers. The content of ARL4C varies greatly between different tissues, and the induction of ARL4C expression leads to changes in cell morphology and proliferation. Although ARL4C can bind alpha-tubulin and affect intracellular transport, the role of ARL4C in the functioning of the tubulin cytoskeleton remained unclear.

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of New 6″-Modified Tobramycin Derivatives.

Aminoglycosides are one of the first classes of natural antibiotics which have not lost relevance due to their broad spectrum of action against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and mycobacteria. The high growth rate of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) together with the severe side effects of aminoglycosides increase the importance of developing improved semisynthetic derivatives. In this work, we proposed a synthetic route to new tobramycin derivatives modified at the 6″-position with aminoalkylamine or guanidinoalkylamine residues.

Flow-cytometry reveals mitochondrial DNA accumulation in cells during cell cycle arrest.

Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles containing their own DNA (mtDNA), which is replicated independently of nuclear DNA (nDNA). While cell cycle arrest halts nDNA replication, mtDNA replication continues. In , flow cytometry enables semi-quantitative estimation of mtDNA levels by measuring the difference in signals between cells lacking mtDNA and those containing mtDNA.

Mining Translation Inhibitors by a Unique Peptidyl-Aminonucleoside Synthetase Reveals Cystocin Biosynthesis and Self-Resistance.

Puromycin (Puro) is a natural aminonucleoside antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis by its incorporation into elongating peptide chains. The unique mechanism of Puro finds diverse applications in molecular biology, including the selection of genetically engineered cell lines, in situ protein synthesis monitoring, and studying ribosome functions. However, the key step of Puro biosynthesis remains enigmatic.

Positive Effects of Argon Inhalation After Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats.

The noble gas argon is one of the most promising neuroprotective agents for hypoxic-reperfusion injuries of the brain. However, its effect on traumatic injuries has been insufficiently studied. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the triple inhalation of the argon-oxygen mixture Ar 70%/O 30% on physical and neurological recovery and the degree of brain damage after traumatic brain injury and to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms of the neuroprotective effect.

Special Issue "Transcriptomics in the Study of Insect Biology".

Transcriptomics is at the intersection of molecular biology and genetics, and studies the complete set of transcripts that are synthesized in a cell or organism under certain conditions [...

Out-of-frame translation rescues a loss-of-function variant in a novel TBCE phenotype.

Context: Pathogenic variants in the TBCE gene, encoding tubulin-specific chaperone E crucial for tubulin folding, are linked to three severe neurodevelopmental disorders: Hypoparathyroidism-retardation-dysmorphism (HRD) syndrome, Kenny-Caffey syndrome type 1, and progressive encephalopathy with amyotrophy and optic atrophy.

Objective: We identified patients with a novel, milder TBCE-associated phenotype and aimed to characterize it at the clinical and molecular levels.

Materials And Methods: We conducted splicing analysis using deep NGS sequencing of RT-PCR products and detected TBCE through Western blotting.

Identification of Two Novel Recombinant Types of Potato Virus Y from Plants in Southern Region of Russia.

Potato virus Y (PVY, genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) is one of the most devastating and economically important potato pathogens. Members of the Potyviridae family demonstrate high recombination rates. In nature, 5 major parental variants of PVY were identified with at least 35 recombinants.

Mitochondrial Genome Instability in Yeast Cytoplasmic Hybrids.

Unlike most animals, some fungi, including baker's yeast, inherit mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from both parents. When haploid yeast cells fuse, they form a heteroplasmic zygote, whose offspring retain one or the other variant of mtDNA. Meanwhile, some mutant mtDNA (), with large deletions in the nucleotide sequence, can displace wild-type () mtDNA.

Requirement of Bacillus subtilis succinate:menaquinone oxidoreductase activity for membrane energization depends on the direction of catalysis.

Succinate:quinone oxidoreductases (SQR) from Bacilli catalyze reduction of menaquinone by succinate, as well as the reverse reaction. The direct activity is energetically unfavorable and lost upon ΔμН dissipation, thus suggesting ΔμН to be consumed during catalysis. Paradoxically, the generation of ΔμН upon fumarate reduction was never confirmed.

Biologics-based technologies for highly efficient and targeted RNA delivery.

The demand for RNA-based therapeutics is increasing globally. However, their use is hampered by the lack of safe and effective delivery vehicles. Here, we developed technologies for highly efficient delivery of RNA cargo into programmable extracellular vesicle-mimetic nanovesicles (EMNVs) by fabricating hybrid EMNV-liposomes (Hybs).

RNAi-Based Approaches to Control Mycotoxin Producers: Challenges and Perspectives.

Mycotoxin contamination of food and feed is a worldwide problem that needs to be addressed with highly efficient and biologically safe techniques. RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural mechanism playing an important role in different processes in eukaryotes, including the regulation of gene expression, maintenance of genome stability, protection against viruses and others. Recently, RNAi-based techniques have been widely applied for the purposes of food safety and management of plant diseases, including those caused by mycotoxin-producing fungi.

Telomere Reprogramming and Cellular Metabolism: Is There a Link?

Telomeres-special DNA-protein structures at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes-define the proliferation potential of cells. Extremely short telomeres promote a DNA damage response and cell death to eliminate cells that may have accumulated mutations after multiple divisions. However, telomere elongation is associated with the increased proliferative potential of specific cell types, such as stem and germ cells.

Analysis of the brain transcriptome, microbiome and metabolome in ketogenic diet and experimental stroke.

The ketogenic diet (KD) has been shown to be effective in treating various brain pathologies. In this study, we conducted detailed transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of rat brains after KD and ischemic stroke in order to investigate the effects of KD and its underlying mechanisms. We evaluated the effect of a two-month KD on gene expression in intact brain tissue and after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).

Aurora A Kinase Begins to Localize to the Centrosome in the S-phase of the Cell Cycle in the XL2 Cell Line.

Background: The centrosome is one of the principal cell hubs, where numerous proteins important for intracellular regulatory processes are concentrated. One of them, serine-threonine kinase 6, alias Aurora A, is involved in centrosome duplication and mitotic spindle formation and maintenance.

Methods: Long-term vital observations of cells, immunofluorescence analysis of protein localization, synchronization of cells at different phases of the cell cycle, Western blot analysis of protein content were used in the work.

Defense Responses Induced by Viral Movement Protein and Its Nuclear Localization Modulate Virus Cell-to-Cell Transport.

Movement proteins (MPs) encoded by plant viruses are essential for cell-to-cell transport of viral genomes through plasmodesmata. The genome of hibiscus green spot virus contains a module of two MP genes termed 'binary movement block' (BMB), encoding the proteins BMB1 and BMB2. Here, BMB1 is shown to induce a defense response in plants that inhibits BMB-dependent virus transport.

Factors Affecting Cell Viability during the Enzymatic Dissociation of Human Endocrine Tumor Tissues.

The enzymatic dissociation of human solid tissues is a critical process for disaggregating extracellular matrix and the isolation of individual cells for various applications, including the immortalizing primary cells, creating novel cell lines, and performing flow cytometry and its specialized type, FACS, as well as conducting scRNA-seq studies. Tissue dissociation procedures should yield intact, highly viable single cells that preserve morphology and cell surface markers. However, endocrine tissues, such as adrenal gland tumors, thyroid carcinomas, and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors, present unique challenges due to their complex tissue organization and morphological features.

Neural and Glial Regulation of Angiogenesis in CNS in Ischemic Stroke.

CNS diseases associated with compromised blood supply and/or vascular integrity are one of the leading causes of mortality and disability in adults worldwide and are also among 10 most common causes of death in children. Angiogenesis is an essential element of regeneration processes upon nervous tissue damage and can play a crucial role in neuroprotection. Here we review the features of cerebral vascular regeneration after ischemic stroke, including the complex interactions between endothelial cells and other brain cell types (neural stem cells, astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes).

Dried Blood Spot Metabolome Features of Ischemic-Hypoxic Encephalopathy: A Neonatal Rat Model.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a severe neurological disorder caused by perinatal asphyxia with significant consequences. Early recognition and intervention are crucial, with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) being the primary treatment, but its efficacy depends on early initiation of treatment. Accurately assessing the HIE severity in neonatal care poses challenges, but omics approaches have made significant contribution to understanding its complex pathophysiology.

Regulatory Role and Cytoprotective Effects of Exogenous Recombinant SELENOM under Ischemia-like Conditions and Glutamate Excitotoxicity in Cortical Cells In Vitro.

Despite the successes in the prevention and treatment of strokes, it is still necessary to search for effective cytoprotectors that can suppress the damaging factors of cerebral ischemia. Among the known neuroprotectors, there are a number of drugs with a protein nature. In the present study, we were able to obtain recombinant SELENOM, a resident of the endoplasmic reticulum that exhibits antioxidant properties in its structure and functions.

The Increase in the Peroxidase Activity of the Cytochrome with Substitutions in the Universal Binding Site Is Associated with Changes in the Ability to Interact with External Ligands.

Cytochrome (CytC), a one-electron carrier, transfers electrons from complex to cytochrome oxidase (CcO) in the electron-transport chain. Electrostatic interaction with the partners, complex and CcO, is ensured by a lysine cluster near the heme forming the Universal Binding Site (UBS). We constructed three mutant variants of mitochondrial CytC with one (2Mut), four (5Mut), and five (8Mut) Lys->Glu substitutions in the UBS and some compensating Glu->Lys substitutions at the periphery of the UBS for charge compensation.