The Diagnostic Value of MR Imaging in Determining the Lymph Node Status of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.

Purpose To summarize existing evidence of thoracic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in determining the nodal status of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with the aim of elucidating its diagnostic value on a per-patient basis (eg, in treatment decision making) and a per-node basis (eg, in target volume delineation for radiation therapy), with results of cytologic and/or histologic examination as the reference standard. Materials and Methods A systematic literature search for original diagnostic studies was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and MEDLINE. The methodologic quality of each study was evaluated by using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2, or QUADAS-2, tool.

Clinical Management of Ebola Virus Disease in the United States and Europe.

Background: Available data on the characteristics of patients with Ebola virus disease (EVD) and clinical management of EVD in settings outside West Africa, as well as the complications observed in those patients, are limited.

Methods: We reviewed available clinical, laboratory, and virologic data from all patients with laboratory-confirmed Ebola virus infection who received care in U.S.

Cerebral Reorganization after Hemispherectomy: A DTI Study.

Background And Purpose: Hemispherectomy is a neurosurgical procedure to treat children with intractable seizures. Postsurgical improvement of cognitive and behavioral functions is observed in children after hemispherectomy suggesting plastic reorganization of the brain. Our aim was to characterize changes in DTI scalars in WM tracts of the remaining hemisphere in children after hemispherectomy, assess the associations between WM DTI scalars and age at the operation and time since the operation, and evaluate the changes in GM fractional anisotropy values in patients compared with controls.

Endometrial Expression of Estrogen Receptors and the Androgen Receptor in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Lifestyle Intervention Study.

Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of anovulation. It may also negatively affect the endometrium, which could lead to implantation failure and proliferative aberrations.

Objective: Our objective was to study sex hormone receptors in the endometrium of women with PCOS.

Glycemic modulation in neuro-oncology: experience and future directions using a modified Atkins diet for high-grade brain tumors.

Dietary glycemic modulation through high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets, which induce a state of systemic ketosis and alter systemic metabolic signaling, have been incorporated into the clinical management of patients with neurological disease for more than a century. Mounting preclinical evidence supports the antitumor, proapoptotic, and antiangiogenic effects of disrupting glycolytic metabolism through dietary intervention. In recent years, interest in incorporating such novel therapeutic strategies in neuro-oncology has increased.

Soluble Urokinase Receptor and Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Relatively high plasma levels of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) have been associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and poor clinical outcomes in patients with various conditions. It is unknown whether elevated suPAR levels in patients with normal kidney function are associated with future decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and with incident chronic kidney disease.

Methods: We measured plasma suPAR levels in 3683 persons enrolled in the Emory Cardiovascular Biobank (mean age, 63 years; 65% men; median suPAR level, 3040 pg per milliliter) and determined renal function at enrollment and at subsequent visits in 2292 persons.

Radiologic Professionalism in Modern Health Care.

Modern radiology is at the forefront of technological progress in medicine, a position that often places unique challenges on its professional character. This article uses "Medical Professionalism in the New Millennium: A Physician Charter," a document published in 2002 and endorsed by several major radiology organizations, as a lens for exploring professional challenges in modern radiology. The three main tenets of the Charter emphasize patient welfare, patient autonomy, and the reduction of disparities in health care distribution.

Increased Cardiovascular and Metabolic Morbidity in Patients With 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: A Swedish Population-Based National Cohort Study.

Context: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is lethal in its most severe forms if not treated with glucocorticoids. However, glucocorticoids may increase the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity.

Objective: This study aimed to study cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity in CAH.

Microbiology for Radiologists: How to Minimize Infection Transmission in the Radiology Department.

The implementation of standardized infection control and prevention practices is increasingly relevant as modern radiology practice evolves into its more clinical role. Current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, and World Health Organization guidelines for the proper use of personal protective equipment, decontamination of reusable medical equipment, and appropriate management of bloodborne pathogen exposures will be reviewed. Standard precautions apply to all patients at all times and are the mainstay of infection control.

Early Surge in Circulatory Adiponectin Is Associated With Improved Growth at Near Term in Very Preterm Infants.

Context: Adiponectin enhances insulin sensitivity and may play a role in fetal and postnatal growth.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether early postnatal adiponectin concentration change is related to postnatal growth in very preterm infants.

Setting, Design, And Patients: This was an in-hospital, prospective, longitudinal cohort study of 52 preterm infants with a gestational age (GA) of 26.

Benign triton tumour of upper lip- a rare neoplasm at an extremely uncommon site.

Benign Triton tumours are exceedingly rare tumours occurring predominantly in young children. Fewer than 20 cases have been reported in literature. The tumours develop as masses in various large nerve trunks, the most common of them being the brachial and the sciatic.

Volumetric blood flow in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt revision using 3-dimensional Doppler sonography.

Objectives: Three-dimensional (3D)/4-dimensional (4D) sonographic measurement of blood volume flow in transjugular intrahepatic porto systemic shunt revision with the intention of objective assessment of shunt patency.

Methods: A total of 17 patients were recruited (12 male and 5 female; mean age, 55 years; range, 30-69 years). An ultrasound system equipped with a 2.

Radiographic findings after treatment with balloon brachytherapy accelerated partial breast irradiation.

The use of accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) following breast-conserving surgery is rapidly gaining popularity as an alternative to whole-breast irradiation (WBI) in selected patients with early-stage breast cancer. Although data on the long-term effectiveness and safety of APBI accelerated partial breast irradiation are still being gathered, the shorter treatment course and narrowed radiation target of APBI accelerated partial breast irradiation provide an attractive alternative for carefully selected patients. These patients include those with relatively small tumors (≤3 cm), negative or close margins, and negative sentinel lymph nodes.

Extra- adrenal silent retroperitoneal paraganglioma: report of a rare case.

Extra- adrenal retroperitoneal paragangliomas are extremely rare neuroendocrine neoplasms with an incidence of 2-8 per million. They arise from embryonic neural crest cells and are composed mainly of chromaffin cells located in the para- aortic sympathetic chain. They synthesize, store and secrete catecholamines because of which they may present with headache, sweating, palpitation and symptoms of hypertension.

Cystic endosalpingiosis of uterine parametrium- a scarcely encountered and sparsely documented entity.

"Endosalpingiosis" refers to the presence of fallopian tube-like epithelium outside fallopian tubes. It merits attention both by Clinicians and Pathologists since it is a benign, non- neoplastic condition which maybe easily misjudged as carcinoma mainly due to the rarity of its occurrence and lack of awareness owing to paucity of its documentation in literature. Further, salpingiosis can undergo massive cystic change thereby mimicking a tumour when it is referred to as cystic salpingiosis.

Performance and data analysis aspects of the new DIII-D monostatic profile reflectometer system.

A new frequency-modulated profile reflectometer system, featuring a monostatic antenna geometry (using one microwave antenna for both launch and receive), has been installed on the DIII-D tokamak, providing a first experimental test of this measurement approach for profile reflectometry. Significant features of the new system are briefly described in this paper, including the new monostatic arrangement, use of overmoded, broadband transmission waveguide, and dual-polarization combination/demultiplexing. Updated data processing and analysis, and in-service performance aspects of the new monostatic profile reflectometer system are also presented.

Primary laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinoma - a rare entity with deviant clinical presentation.

Primary laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinomas are rare neoplasms. WHO classifies them under five categories of which, the moderately differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma is synonymous with atypical or malignant carcinoid tumour. We report a rare case of primary laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinoma with an unusual and misleading clinical presentation.

L-kynurenine/aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway mediates brain damage after experimental stroke.

Background: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor that belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix PAS (Per-Arnt-Sim homology domain) family known to mediate the toxic and carcinogenic effects of xenobiotics. Interestingly, AhR is widely expressed in the central nervous system, but its physiological and pathological roles are still unclear.

Methods And Results: To define the role of AhR in stroke, we used middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice and oxygen-glucose deprivation in rat cortical neurons.

Primary mucinous eccrine adenocarcinoma - a rare malignant cutaneous adnexal neoplasm at an unconventional site.

Primary mucinous eccrine adenocarcinoma, a rare malignant neoplasm of the skin adnexa usually occurs in the head and neck region. The most common sites for its occurrence are the eyelid, the peri-orbital region and the scalp. We report the rare occurrence of primary mucinous eccrine adenocarcinoma of the inguinal region which has been reported in only 1% of cases according to literature search.

Increased mortality in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

Context: Reports on mortality in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are lacking.

Objective: This study sought to study mortality and causes of death in CAH.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We studied patients with CAH (21-hydroxylase deficiency, n = 588; CYP21A2 mutations known, >80%), and compared them with controls (n = 58 800).

Serum androgen levels in elite female athletes.

Objective: Prior to the implementation of the blood steroidal module of the Athlete Biological Passport, we measured the serum androgen levels among a large population of high-level female athletes as well as the prevalence of biochemical hyperandrogenism and some disorders of sex development (DSD).

Methods And Results: In 849 elite female athletes, serum T, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, androstenedione, SHBG, and gonadotrophins were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry high resolution or immunoassay. Free T was calculated.

Modulation of resistance artery tone by the trace amine β-phenylethylamine: dual indirect sympathomimetic and α1-adrenoceptor blocking actions.

The trace amine β-phenylethylamine (PEA) is normally present in the body at low nanomolar concentrations but can reach micromolar levels after ingestion of drugs that inhibit monoamine oxidase and primary amine oxidase. In vivo, PEA elicits a robust pressor response, but there is no consensus regarding the underlying mechanism, with both vasodilation and constriction reported in isolated blood vessels. Using functional and biochemical approaches, we found that at low micromolar concentrations PEA (1-30 μM) enhanced nerve-evoked vasoconstriction in the perfused rat mesenteric bed but at a higher concentration (100 μM) significantly inhibited these responses.

AAV vectors expressing LDLR gain-of-function variants demonstrate increased efficacy in mouse models of familial hypercholesterolemia.

Rationale: Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic disorder that arises because of loss-of-function mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia is a candidate for gene therapy using adeno-associated viral vectors. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and inducible degrader of LDLR (IDOL) negatively regulate LDLR protein and could dampen adeno-associated viral vector encoded LDLR expression.

Objective: We sought to create vectors expressing gain-of-function human LDLR variants that are resistant to degradation by human PCSK9 (hPCSK9) and IDOL and thereby enhance hepatic LDLR protein abundance and plasma LDL cholesterol reduction.