Prostate intrafraction motion during the preparation and delivery of MR-guided radiotherapy sessions on a 1.5T MR-Linac.

Purpose: To evaluate prostate intrafraction motion using MRI during the full course of online adaptive MR-Linac radiotherapy (RT) fractions, in preparation of MR-guided extremely hypofractionated RT.

Material And Methods: Five low and intermediate risk prostate cancer patients were treated with 20 × 3.1 Gy fractions on a 1.

Relationship of Tumor Radiation-absorbed Dose to Survival and Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Transarterial Radioembolization with Y in the SARAH Study.

Background Little is known about factors that influence the efficacy of transarterial radioembolization (TARE). Purpose To determine the relationship between tumor radiation-absorbed dose and survival and tumor response in locally advanced inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with TARE. Materials and Methods This was a secondary analysis of prospectively acquired data (between December 2011 and March 2015) from participants who received TARE in the Sorafenib versus Radioembolization in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (SARAH) trial (ClinicalTrials.

COVID-19 and cancer research.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating effect on human lives and society. The accompanying editorial summarises some of the major effects on cancer patients and impacts on cancer research. These may be mitigated by appropriate responses from governments, research funders, charities, universities, industry and the public.

β-Glucocerebrosidase activity in -linked Parkinson disease: The type of mutation matters.

Objective: To test the relationship between clinically relevant types of mutations (none, risk variants, mild mutations, severe mutations) and β-glucocerebrosidase activity in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) in cross-sectional and longitudinal case-control studies.

Methods: A total of 481 participants from the Harvard Biomarkers Study (HBS) and the NIH Parkinson's Disease Biomarkers Program (PDBP) were analyzed, including 47 patients with PD carrying variants (-PD), 247 without a variant (idiopathic PD), and 187 healthy controls. Longitudinal analysis comprised 195 participants with 548 longitudinal measurements over a median follow-up period of 2.

Three-Phase Fluid Coexistence in Heterogenous Slits.

We study the competition between local (bridging) and global condensation of fluid in a chemically heterogeneous capillary slit made from two parallel adjacent walls each patterned with a single stripe. Using a mesoscopic modified Kelvin equation, which determines the shape of the menisci pinned at the stripe edges in the bridge phase, we determine the conditions under which the local bridging transition precedes capillary condensation as the pressure (or chemical potential) is increased. Provided the contact angle of the stripe is less than that of the outer wall we show that triple points, where evaporated, locally condensed, and globally condensed states all coexist are possible depending on the value of the aspect ratio a=L/H, where H is the stripe width and L the wall separation.

Injuries in Novice Participants during an Eight-Week Start up CrossFit Program-A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Previously published studies have reported injury rates ranging from 0.74 to 3.3 per 1000 h of exposure in CrossFit participants.

Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) expression in non-small-cell lung cancer: correlation with regulatory FOXP3+T-cell tumour stroma infiltration.

Background: Low pH suppresses the proliferation and cytotoxic activity of CD8+ cytotoxic and natural killer lymphocytes. The hypoxia-regulated transmembrane protein, carbonic anhydrase CA9, converts carbon dioxide produced by the Krebs cycle to bicarbonate and protons that acidify the extracellular milieu. We examined whether CA9 is also involved in intratumoural immunosuppression pathways.

Spinal muscular atrophy diagnosis and carrier screening from genome sequencing data.

Purpose: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), caused by loss of the SMN1 gene, is a leading cause of early childhood death. Due to the near identical sequences of SMN1 and SMN2, analysis of this region is challenging. Population-wide SMA screening to quantify the SMN1 copy number (CN) is recommended by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics.

APOBEC3B-mediated corruption of the tumor cell immunopeptidome induces heteroclitic neoepitopes for cancer immunotherapy.

APOBEC3B, an anti-viral cytidine deaminase which induces DNA mutations, has been implicated as a mediator of cancer evolution and therapeutic resistance. Mutational plasticity also drives generation of neoepitopes, which prime anti-tumor T cells. Here, we show that overexpression of APOBEC3B in tumors increases resistance to chemotherapy, but simultaneously heightens sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade in a murine model of melanoma.

A Randomized Trial of Erythropoietin for Neuroprotection in Preterm Infants.

Background: High-dose erythropoietin has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect in preclinical models of neonatal brain injury, and phase 2 trials have suggested possible efficacy; however, the benefits and safety of this therapy in extremely preterm infants have not been established.

Methods: In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial of high-dose erythropoietin, we assigned 941 infants who were born at 24 weeks 0 days to 27 weeks 6 days of gestation to receive erythropoietin or placebo within 24 hours after birth. Erythropoietin was administered intravenously at a dose of 1000 U per kilogram of body weight every 48 hours for a total of six doses, followed by a maintenance dose of 400 U per kilogram three times per week by subcutaneous injection through 32 completed weeks of postmenstrual age.

Development of cancer metabolism as a therapeutic target: new pathways, patient studies, stratification and combination therapy.

Cancer metabolism has undergone a resurgence in the last decade, 70 years after Warburg described aerobic glycolysis as a feature of cancer cells. A wide range of techniques have elucidated the complexity and heterogeneity in preclinical models and clinical studies. What emerges are the large differences between tissues, tumour types and intratumour heterogeneity.

Low Serum B12 Concentrations Are Associated with Low B12 Dietary Intake But Not with Infection or Abnormal Gastric Function in Rural Mexican Women.

Background: Gastric function, infection, and vitamin B12 (B12) dietary intake were assessed as predictors of serum B12.

Methods: antibodies, gastric function, B12 dietary intake, and biochemical/hematological parameters were measured in 191 adult women from two rural communities in Querétaro, Mexico.

Results: The overall mean serum B12 concentration was 211 ± 117 pmol/L.

Is there an Exposure-Response Relationship for Nivolumab in Real-World NSCLC Patients?

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data from real-world cohort are sparse in non small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with nivolumab. The aim of this prospective observational study was to explore the exposure-response relationship for effectiveness and toxicity of nivolumab in 81 outpatients with metastatic lung cancer. Nivolumab plasma trough concentrations (Cmin) were assayed at days 14, 28, and 42.

Cerebral Ketones Detected by 3T MR Spectroscopy in Patients with High-Grade Glioma on an Atkins-Based Diet.

Background And Purpose: Ketogenic diets are being explored as a possible treatment for several neurological diseases, but the physiologic impact on the brain is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of 3T MR spectroscopy to monitor brain ketone levels in patients with high-grade gliomas who were on a ketogenic diet (a modified Atkins diet) for 8 weeks.

Materials And Methods: Paired pre- and post-ketogenic diet MR spectroscopy data from both the lesion and contralateral hemisphere were analyzed using LCModel software in 10 patients.

Increased Diameters of the Internal Cerebral Veins and the Basal Veins of Rosenthal Are Associated with White Matter Hyperintensity Volume.

Background And Purpose: White matter hyperintensities on T2-weighted MR imaging are typical in older adults and have been linked to several poor health outcomes, including cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease. The presence and severity of white matter hyperintensities have traditionally been attributed to occlusive arteriopathy, but recent evidence also implicates deep medullary venule collagenosis and associated vasogenic edema. Historically, postmortem analyses have been the sole way to analyze cerebral veins, but SWI can be now used to examine cortical veins in vivo.

Improvement of the microprism distribution expression of an integrated light guide plate.

In our lab, the coefficient relational expressions called (,), (,), and (,) between the coefficients in the microprism distribution expression and the structural parameters of the integrated light guide plate, which is to realize high luminance uniformity, have been proposed previously. Yet, there are some deficiencies in these coefficient relational expressions, such as numerical item redundancy and inconspicuous physical characterization. On this basis, the revised coefficient relational expressions of (,), (,), and (,) are further studied.

Development of Therapeutic Anti-JAGGED1 Antibodies for Cancer Therapy.

The role of Notch signaling and its ligand JAGGED1 (JAG1) in tumor biology has been firmly established, making them appealing therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Here, we report the development and characterization of human/rat-specific JAG1-neutralizing mAbs. Epitope mapping identified their binding to the Notch receptor interaction site within the JAG1 Delta/Serrate/Lag2 domain, where E228D substitution prevented effective binding to the murine Jag1 ortholog.

Intra- and Inter-cellular Rewiring of the Human Colon during Ulcerative Colitis.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed risk alleles for ulcerative colitis (UC). To understand their cell type specificities and pathways of action, we generate an atlas of 366,650 cells from the colon mucosa of 18 UC patients and 12 healthy individuals, revealing 51 epithelial, stromal, and immune cell subsets, including BEST4 enterocytes, microfold-like cells, and IL13RA2IL11 inflammatory fibroblasts, which we associate with resistance to anti-TNF treatment. Inflammatory fibroblasts, inflammatory monocytes, microfold-like cells, and T cells that co-express CD8 and IL-17 expand with disease, forming intercellular interaction hubs.

Evaluation of the Patient Request Process for Radiology Imaging in U.S. Hospitals.

Background In the United States, patients have the right to access their protected health information. However, to the knowledge of the authors, no study has evaluated the patient request process and the barriers to patient access of their radiology images. Purpose To assess U.

A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Electronic Prescribing Incidents Reported by Community Pharmacists.

Background: Electronic prescribing (e-prescribing) technology was introduced as an alternative to handwritten prescriptions allowing health care professionals to send prescriptions directly to pharmacies. While the technology has many advantages, such as improving pharmacy workflow and reducing medication errors, some limitations have been realized.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the frequency, type, and contributing factors of e-prescribing quality-related incidents reported to two national error-reporting databases in the United States.

Raynaud's phenomenon.

Raynaud's phenomenon can be either primary (idiopathic) or secondary to underlying disease including systemic sclerosis. Primary Raynaud's phenomenon is very common, affecting approximately 3%-5% of the general population. Although much rarer, systemic sclerosis-related Raynaud's phenomenon can be particularly severe, progressing to digital ulceration in approximately 50% of patients.

Network analysis of synthesizable materials discovery.

Assessing the synthesizability of inorganic materials is a grand challenge for accelerating their discovery using computations. Synthesis of a material is a complex process that depends not only on its thermodynamic stability with respect to others, but also on factors from kinetics, to advances in synthesis techniques, to the availability of precursors. This complexity makes the development of a general theory or first-principles approach to synthesizability currently impractical.

Immunogenic neoantigens derived from gene fusions stimulate T cell responses.

Anti-tumor immunity is driven by self versus non-self discrimination. Many immunotherapeutic approaches to cancer have taken advantage of tumor neoantigens derived from somatic mutations. Here, we demonstrate that gene fusions are a source of immunogenic neoantigens that can mediate responses to immunotherapy.

Nephrometry score correlated with tumor proliferative activity inT1 clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate the association between the RENAL nephrometry score (RNS) and tumor proliferative activity assessed by immunohistochemistry in patients with localized renal cell carcinoma.

Methods: The current study included 145 pathological T1 (pT1) clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC). Tumor proliferative activity was assessed with the Ki67 index and microvessel density (MVD).

Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of fluoxetine as an antiviral for acute flaccid myelitis.

Objective: To determine the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of fluoxetine for proven or presumptive enterovirus (EV) D68-associated acute flaccid myelitis (AFM).

Methods: A multicenter cohort study of US patients with AFM in 2015-2016 compared serious adverse events (SAEs), adverse effects, and outcomes between fluoxetine-treated patients and untreated controls. Fluoxetine was administered at the discretion of treating providers with data gathered retrospectively.