Adequate bowel preparation of patients undergoing screening colonoscopy : Does educational status matter? A retrospective data analysis.

Background: In order to achieve a high-quality screening colonoscopy, a high-quality bowel preparation is essential. To perform an adequate bowel cleansing patients need to understand and act on medical information, also known as health literacy. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the patients' educational status as a proxy for health literacy and adequate bowel preparation.

Quantifying the Corneal Nerve Whorl Pattern.

Purpose: The corneal nerves within the sub-basal nerve plexus (SBNP) display a distinctive whorl-like pattern, a highly dynamic structure that could be a marker of diseases. Previous studies have reported a decrease in whorl nerve density in patients with diabetes, indicating an avenue for noninvasive monitoring of diabetic neuropathy. However, conflicting results have since been reported, highlighting the need for improved quantitative analysis of the corneal whorl.

Lentiviral Gene Therapy with CD34+ Hematopoietic Cells for Hemophilia A.

Background: Severe hemophilia A is managed with factor VIII replacement or hemostatic products that stop or prevent bleeding. Data on gene therapy with hematopoietic stem-cell (HSC)-based expression of factor VIII for the treatment of severe hemophilia A are lacking.

Methods: We conducted a single-center study involving five participants 22 to 41 years of age with severe hemophilia A without factor VIII inhibitors.

Liberal or Restrictive Transfusion Strategy in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background: The effect of a liberal red-cell transfusion strategy as compared with a restrictive strategy in patients during the critical care period after an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is unclear.

Methods: We randomly assigned critically ill adults with acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and anemia to a liberal strategy (mandatory transfusion at a hemoglobin level of ≤10 g per deciliter) or a restrictive strategy (optional transfusion at a hemoglobin level of ≤8 g per deciliter). The primary outcome was an unfavorable neurologic outcome, defined as a score of 4 or higher on the modified Rankin scale (range, 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating greater disability) at 12 months.

Changes in Functional Connectivity Relate to Modulation of Cognitive Control by Subthalamic Stimulation.

Subthalamic (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients not only improves kinematic parameters of movement but also modulates cognitive control in the motor and non-motor domain, especially in situations of high conflict. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between DBS-induced changes in functional connectivity at rest and modulation of response- and movement inhibition by STN-DBS in a visuomotor task involving high conflict. During DBS ON and OFF conditions, we conducted a visuomotor task in 14 PD patients who previously underwent resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) acquisitions DBS ON and OFF as part of a different study.

Physician and Patient Preferences for Oral Anticoagulation Therapy Decision Making in Atrial Fibrillation: Results From a National Best-Worst Scaling Survey in Türkiye.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac dysrhythmia and a common cause of ischemic stroke. Stroke prevention with oral anticoagulation (OAC) is the cornerstone of AF management. Patients and their treating physicians may have different views on different attributes of OACs.

Daratumumab or Active Monitoring for High-Risk Smoldering Multiple Myeloma.

Background: Daratumumab, an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, has been approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Data are needed regarding the use of daratumumab for high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma, a precursor disease of active multiple myeloma for which no treatments have been approved.

Methods: In this phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned patients with high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma to receive either subcutaneous daratumumab monotherapy or active monitoring.

Optimal dose of tranexamic acid in traumatic brain injury: Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been used to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, no definitive conclusions have been drawn regarding its effectiveness or dosage. This study evaluated the optimal TXA dose for treating TBI using a network meta-analysis (NMA).

Methods: Five databases were searched for peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from inception to May 2024.

Parahydrogen Polarization in Reverse Micelles and Application to Sensing of Protein-Ligand Binding.

A medium containing reverse micelles supports non-hydrogenative parahydrogen induced polarization (nhPHIP) in the organic phase while solubilizing a protein in the aqueous phase. Strongly enhanced NMR signals from iridium hydride complexes report on a ligand, 4-amino-2-benzylaminopyrimidine, which crosses the phase boundary and interacts with the thiaminase protein TenA. The calculation of binding equilibria reveals a of 39.

Evidence-based guideline: Premature Ovarian Insufficiency.

Study Question: How should premature/primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) be diagnosed and managed, based on the best available evidence from published literature?

Summary Answer: The current guideline provides 145 recommendations on symptoms, diagnosis, causation, sequelae and treatment of POI.

What Is Known Already: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) presents a significant challenge to women's health, with far-reaching implications, both physically and emotionally. The potential implications include adverse effects on quality of life; fertility; and bone, cardiovascular and cognitive health.

Blinatumomab in Standard-Risk B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children.

Background: B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-cell ALL) is the most common childhood cancer. Despite a high overall cure rate, relapsed B-cell ALL remains a leading cause of cancer-related death among children. The addition of the bispecific T-cell engager molecule blinatumomab (an anti-CD19 and anti-CD3 single-chain molecule) to therapy for newly diagnosed standard-risk (as defined by the National Cancer Institute) B-cell ALL in children may improve outcomes.

Preclinical Evaluation of an AlF-Radiolabeled Bicyclic Peptide Targeting Nectin-4.

Precisely assessing nectin-4 expression in tumors is important in identifying patients who may benefit from nectin-4-targeted therapies. In our previous work, we developed a bicyclic peptide-based nectin-4-targeting radiotracer Ga-N188 and validated its nectin-4 detection efficacy. However, the relatively short half-life and low positron emission rate of Ga limit its further application.

A Family of Two-Dimensional Quaternary Compounds ABXY (A = K, Na; B = Li, Na; X = Al, Ga, In; Y = P, As, Sb) for Optoelectronics Applications.

Expanding material types and developing two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor materials with high performance have been hotspots in the field. In this research, it is found that the 12 existing semiconductors ABXY (A = K, Na; B = Li, Na; X = Al, Ga, In; Y = P, As, Sb) have a pronounced layered structure. We predict their 2D structures and properties, using first-principles calculations.

Enzymatic characterization of a thermostable 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from and its application for NADH regeneration.

Unlabelled: 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenases (6PGDHs) are widely existing as reduced cofactor (NADH/NADPH) regeneration biocatalysts. Herein, a thermostable 6PGDH from (Ht6PGDH) was overexpressed in and enzymologically characterized. Ht6PGDH exhibited exceptional stability and catalytic activity under high-temperature conditions, with an optimum temperature of 85 °C and the ability to maintain high activity for prolonged periods at 70 °C, which could be purified through a one-step heat treatment.

Stylometry for real-world expert coders: a zero-shot approach.

Code stylometry is the application of stylometry techniques to determine the authorship of software source code snippets. It is used in the industry to address use cases like plagiarism detection, code audits, and code review assignments. Most works in the code stylometry literature use machine learning techniques and (1) rely on datasets coming from coding competition for training, and (2) only attempt to recognize authors present in the training dataset (in-distribution authors).

Heterogeneity and Penumbra of White Matter Hyperintensities in Small Vessel Diseases Determined by Quantitative MRI.

Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are established structural imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease. The pathophysiologic condition of brain tissue varies over the core, the vicinity, and the subtypes of WMH and cannot be interpreted from conventional magnetic resonance imaging. We aim to improve our pathophysiologic understanding of WMHs and the adjacently injured normal-appearing white matter in terms of microstructural and microvascular alterations using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in patients with sporadic and genetic cerebral small vessel disease.

A sustained-release gel alleviates neuropathic pain in SNI mice by reversing Glu/GABA imbalance and chloride efflux disorders.

Impaired spinal GABAergic inhibitory neuronal system is one popular target for developing new drugs or procedures for treatment of neuropathic pain, but effective and transferable methods are still lacking. We designed an assembled, temperature sensitive and sustained releasing hydrogel to repair the impaired GABAergic neural system by reversing imbalance of glutamic acid (Glu) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and healing impaired Cl extrusion capacity of neurons. Hydrogel solution is a mixture of pluronic F-127, recombinant glutamate decarboxylase 67 (rGAD67) protein and CLP257, a K-Cl cotransporter isoform 2 (KCC2) enhancer.

Visual Field Progression in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study.

Purpose: To determine the rate of visual field (VF) loss before and after the diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS).

Design: Prespecified analyses of data collected prospectively in a clinical trial with extended follow-up.

Setting And Participants: Participants who developed POAG during OHTS 1 and 2 (February 1994 to December 2008) constitute an inception cohort.

Combining Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy and Peripapillary Fluid as Biomarkers in Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy.

Purpose: To determine if paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) and peripapillary intraretinal and subretinal fluid (IRF/SRF) could help distinguish between arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (A-AION) and nonarteritic AION (NA-AION) at an early stage.

Design: Nested prospective cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study.

Methods: This study used single-center optical coherence tomography (OCT) data from 8 patients with A-AION and 24 patients with NA-AION from two prospective cross-sectional studies with consecutive sampling (ClinicalTrials.

DE-PASS Best Evidence Statement (BESt): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Effectiveness of Trials on Device-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour and Their Determinants in Children Aged 5-12 Years.

Background: To combat the high prevalence of physical inactivity among children, there is an urgent need to develop and implement real-world interventions and policies that promote physical activity (PA) and reduce sedentary behaviour (SB). To inform policy makers, the current body of evidence for children's PA/SB interventions needs to be translated.

Objectives: The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify modifiable determinants of device-measured PA and SB targeted in available intervention studies with randomized controlled trial (RCT) and controlled trial (CT) designs in children and early adolescents (5-12 years) and to quantify the effects of the interventions within their respective settings on the determinants of PA/SB and the outcomes PA and SB.

Balancing High Clinical Volumes and Non-RVU Generating Activities in Radiology, Part ll: Future Directions.

The Radiology Research Alliance (RRA) of the Association of Academic Radiology (AAR) creates task forces to study emerging trends shaping the future of radiology. This article highlights the findings of the AAR-RRA Task Force on Balancing High Clinical Volumes and non-relative value unit (Non-RVU)-Generating Activities. The Task Force's mission was to evaluate and emphasize the value of non-RVU-generating activities that academic radiologists perform.

Optimized prime editing of the Alzheimer's disease-associated APOE4 mutation.

Gene editing strategies to safely and robustly modify the Alzheimer's disease-associated APOE4 isoform are still lacking. Prime editing (PE) enables the precise introduction of genetic variants with minimal unintended editing and without donor templates. However, it requires optimization for each target site and has not yet been applied to APOE4 gene editing.

Mental Health Care Needs and Access to Care for Adults With Intellectual Disabilities.

Background: Adults with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are at greater risk for psychiatric disorders than the general population. Yet, they have limited access to mental health services.

Objectives: To examine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in adults with ID.

The steatotic liver disease burden paradox: unravelling the key role of alcohol.

The classification of steatotic liver disease (SLD) has evolved, incorporating all conditions characterized by hepatic lipid accumulation. SLD represents a continuum of disorders that are shaped by the dynamic factors of alcohol intake and cardiometabolic risk factors. This updated classification has profound implications for both the management and research of SLD, especially with the new distinct category of patients with both metabolic and alcohol-related liver disease.

Association of sarcopenia, ambient air pollution and cognitive function in a community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly Korean population: a community-based cohort study.

Objectives: To investigate the association of sarcopenia, exposure to medium-term to long-term ambient particulate matter 2.5 µm and 10 µm (PM and PM) pollution and cognitive function in a community-dwelling cohort of middle-aged and older adults in South Korea.

Design: A community-based prospective cohort study.