Dietary associations with diabetic retinopathy-A cohort study.

Purpose: To assess the role of dietary factors in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in diabetics.

Methods: This prospective study was carried out on patients attending the outpatient department of ophthalmology for a period of 1 year. An interview-based 24-hour diet recall was used to document average daily dietary nutrient intakes.

Serum Ischemia-Modified Albumin, Fibrinogen, High Sensitivity C- Reactive Proteins in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus without Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus with Hypertension: A Case-Control Study.

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the levels of serum ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), fibrinogen (FIB) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with hypertension (HT) (DMT2HTN) and without HT (DMT2). Also, their association with certain biochemical and physical factors were studied to identify possible risk factors that lead to cardiovascular complications.

Methods: Fasting blood samples were collected from 35 DMT2 or DMT2HTN patients each to analyze differences in serum and plasma levels of IMA, hs-CRP, FIB, total cholesterol (TC), high and low density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL), triglyceride (TG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), glycated hemoglobin and creatinine.

Adverse heart rate responses during beach-chair position for shoulder surgeries - A systematic review and meta-analysis of their incidence, interpretations and associations.

Background And Aims: Evaluations of adverse heart rate (HR)-responses and HR-variations during anaesthesia in beach-chair-position (BCP) for shoulder surgeries have not been done earlier. We analysed the incidence, associations, and interpretations of adverse HR-responses in this clinical setting.

Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of trials that reported HR-related data in anaesthetised subjects undergoing elective shoulder surgeries in BCP.

Efficacy and Safety of Quetiapine for Pediatric Bipolar Depression: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Quetiapine is a second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of schizophrenia, mania, and aggression in children and adolescents. It is also commonly used as an off-label medication to treat children and adolescents with bipolar depression, although the FDA has not approved quetiapine for this purpose. We conducted a systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) using the MEDLINE database and included two studies that met our inclusion criteria.

Perspective on Melatonin Use for Sleep Problems in Autism and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland and is available over the counter for treating sleep problems in the pediatric population. We conducted a systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on MEDLINE and included six studies that met our inclusion criteria. RCTs were conducted in patients from two to 18 years of age with a diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM)-IV diagnosis of autism spectrum disease (ASD) and/or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in both short-term and long-term RCTs ranging from eight-week to 52-week studies.

Diabetogenic effect of gluten in Wistar albino rats: a preliminary preclinical screening.

Background And Aims: Gluten-related disease affects less than 1% population and is not considered of relevance at the public health level. However, the consumption of a gluten-free diet has been most commonly adopted as a special diet worldwide in the recent past. In the present study, we investigated the association of gluten intake and diabetes in Wistar albino rats.

Oxidative stress in cervical cancer and its response to chemoradiation.

Objectives: Cervical cancer (CaCx) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among women worldwide, with the great social and economic burden. Diagnoses in early stages can decrease mortality and morbidity rates. This study was conducted to evaluate the status of serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and copper concentrations among patients with CaCx to determine the level of oxidative stress and effect on which of chemoradiation.

Efficacy of diffusion tensor imaging in identification of degenerative cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Aim And Objectives: To study the diagnostic accuracy of Diffusion tensor imaging technique in detection of cervical spondylotic myelopathy changes.

Material And Method: Study population included 50 patients with symptoms of cervical myelopathy. The patients were evaluated based on symptoms using the European myelopathy scoring system and were divided into: Grade 1, including patients with mild symptoms; Grade 2, referring to patients with moderate symptoms and Grade 3, which included patients revealing severe symptoms.

A rare case of primary female urethral adenocarcinoma: Columnar type with colonic adenocarcinoma features.

Female urethral carcinoma is extremely rare and accounts for 0.02% of all women's cancers and <1% of cancers in the female genitourinary tract. Adenocarcinoma accounts for only 10% of urethral carcinomas in females.

PCR-based evidence showing the presence of Vibrio vulnificus in wound infection cases in Mangaluru, India.

Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative, opportunistic human pathogen capable of causing life-threatening septicaemia, wound infections, and gastroenteritis, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Two cases of V. vulnificus-associated wound infection occurring in diabetic patients are reported here.

Invasive Fungal Infection in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Associated with Myeloid Sarcoma of the Sinonasal Cavity: A Rare Case.

Myeloid sarcoma is a rare malignant extramedullary neoplasm of myeloid precursor cells. The majority of these cases occur in patients with known leukemia or those who eventually develop the disease. It can occur in various sites but sinonasal cavity involvement along with invasive fungal infection is exceedingly rare.

Primary Ovarian Endometrioid Stromal Sarcoma Presenting with Infertility.

Endometrioid Stromal Sarcoma (ESS) is an uncommon tumour that occurs in women over wide age range of 11 years to 76 years accounting for only 0.2% of all uterine malignancies and for 15%-26% of primary uterine sarcomas. These tumours arising from ovary are extremely rare.

Metabolic and Cardiovascular Ageing Indices in Relation to Glycated Haemoglobin in Healthy and Diabetic Subjects.

Background: Ageing is a natural phenomenon that has tremendous amount of control over normal physiological functions. Diabetes mellitus and ageing share common symptoms like stiffness and loss of functioning of tissues due to cross-liked proteins and free radicals. Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) is often used as a stable cumulative index of glycemic control and has shown that even in non-diabetic adults, there is a steady increase in HbA1c levels with age.

Isoflurane versus sevoflurane with interscalene block for shoulder arthroscopic procedures: Value of process capability indices as an additional tool for data analysis.

Background And Aims: Hypotensive anaesthesia reduces intra-articular bleed and promotes visualisation during arthroscopy. The haemodynamic effects of inhalational agents isoflurane and sevoflurane were studied extensively, and both were found to reduce mean arterial pressures (MBP) to an equivalent magnitude. We investigated the relative ability of isoflurane vis-a-vis sevoflurane to maintain the target systolic blood pressure (SBP) in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopic procedures.

Primary plasma cell leukemia: A report of two cases of a rare and aggressive variant of plasma cell myeloma with the review of literature.

Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare and aggressive variant of myeloma accounting for 2-3% of all plasma cell dyscrasias characterized by the presence of circulating plasma cells. The diagnosis is based on the % (≥20%) and absolute number (≥2x10 9 /L) of plasma cells in the peripheral blood. The incidence of primary PCL (pPCL) is very rare and reported to occur in <1 in a million.

Microbiology of Non-Tunnelled Catheter-Related Infections.

Introduction: Aerobic bacterial infections often complicate vascular access in patients receiving haemodialysis, leading to Catheter-Related Blood Stream Infections (CRBSI). Various studies report Gram - positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in particular, as the most common aetiologic agent.

Perception of Simulation-based Learning among Medical Students in South India.

Background: Traditional methods of educating medical students are no longer sufficient in the current era largely influenced by multimedia. Simulation-based techniques may play a pivotal role in bridging this educational gap.

Aim: This study was conducted to explore the perception of medical students towards simulation based learning (SBL).

Reserve drug indent form and its impact on antimicrobial consumption and sensitivity pattern in the medical intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital.

Objectives: A world without effective antibiotics is a terrifying but a real prospect. Overuse or misuse especially of newer and higher antimicrobials (AM) is of particular concern, as this contributes to development of resistance among microorganisms. To check this trend, the Reserve Drug Indent Form (RDIF) was introduced in our hospital and its impact on AM consumption, cost of therapy and the sensitivity pattern was studied in the medical intensive care unit (MICU).

Assessment of menopausal symptoms among women attending various outreach clinics in South Canara District of India.

Introduction: Menopausal symptoms experienced by women are known to affect their quality-of-life. The symptoms experienced at menopause are quite variable and their etiology is found to be multifactorial. This study was hence done to assess the pattern and severity of menopausal symptoms and to find out the factors associated with these symptoms.

Clinical spectrum of rheumatic Fever and rheumatic heart disease: a 10 year experience in an urban area of South India.

Background: Rheumatic fever (RF) is an important problem concerning developing countries like India. Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is one of the most readily preventable chronic diseases.

Aim: This study was done to find out the clinical profile, risk factors, compliance with treatment and outcome among RF/RHD cases so as to suggest better case management strategies.