Rhinoscleroma of nose extruding into oral cavity.

Rhinoscleroma (RS) is a rare chronic granulomatous disease of the upper airways affecting nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and paranasal sinuses. Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis is the causative agent of this infection and Mikulicz cells are specific to this lesion. RS is commonly seen in poorer regions such as Central Africa, South America, Middle East, India and Indonesia.

Solitary lipoma in the retromandibular region.

Lipomas are the most common subcutaneous soft-tissue tumors. These are benign tumors originating from the adipocytes. They may be located in any part of the body and can be confused clinically with other soft tissue masses.

Laser guided automated calibrating system for accurate bracket placement.

Background: The basic premise of preadjusted bracket system is accurate bracket positioning. It is widely recognized that accurate bracket placement is of critical importance in the efficient application of biomechanics and in realizing the full potential of a preadjusted edgewise appliance.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to design a calibrating system to accurately detect a point on a plane as well as to determine the accuracy of the Laser Guided Automated Calibrating (LGAC) System.

Marginal accuracy of nickel chromium copings fabricated by conventional and accelerated casting procedures, produced with ringless and metal ring investment procedures: A comparative in vitro study.

Background: Conventional investing and casting techniques are time-consuming and usually requires 2-4 h for completion. Accelerated nonstandard, casting techniques have been reported to achieve similar quality results in significantly less time, namely, in 30-40 min. During casting, it is essential to achieve compensation for the shrinkage of solidifying alloy by investment expansion.

Comparative evaluation of antifungal action of tea tree oil, chlorhexidine gluconate and fluconazole on heat polymerized acrylic denture base resin - an in vitro study.

Objective: Candida albicans-associated denture stomatitis is the most common type of denture stomatitis seen in denture wearers. This study evaluates and compares the antifungal action of fluconazole, chlorhexidine gluconate and tea tree oil on heat-polymerised denture base resin, which has been previously contaminated with C. albicans grown in BHI broth.

Immunohistochemical assessment of proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein expression in plaque, reticular and erosive types of oral lichen planus.

Background: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a nuclear protein synthesized in the late G1 and S-phase of the cell cycle. Immunodetection of this protein represents a useful marker of the proliferation status of lesions.

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of PCNA in oral lichen planus (OLP) and to assess the PCNA expression in a different layer of epithelium in different types of OLP.

A new system for assessment of growth using mandibular canine calcification stages and its correlation with modified MP3 stages.

Objective: Orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning for growing children must involve growth prediction, especially in the treatment of skeletal problems. Studies have shown that a strong association exists between skeletal maturity and dental calcification stages. The present study was therefore taken up to provide a simple and practical method for assessing skeletal maturity using a dental periapical film and standard dental X-ray machine, to compare the developmental stages of the mandibular canine with that of developmental stages of modified MP3 and to find out if any correlation exists, to determine if the developmental stages of the mandibular canine alone can be used as a reliable indicator for assessment of skeletal maturity.

Estimation of soft- and hard-tissue thickness at implant sites.

Introduction: Anchorage control is a critical consideration when planning treatment for patients with dental and skeletal malocclusions. To obtain sufficient stability of implants, the thickness of the soft tissue and the cortical-bone in the placement site must be considered; so as to provide an anatomical map in order to assist the clinician in the placement of the implants.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the thickness of soft- and hard-tissue.

Comparative analysis of cell proliferation ratio in plaque and erosive oral lichen planus: An immunohistochemical study.

Background: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a nuclear protein synthesized in the late G1 and S-phase of the cell cycle. Detection of this protein represents a useful marker of the proliferation status of lesions. This study has been carried out to evaluate the cell proliferation rate in oral lichen planus (OLP) and comparison between plaque and erosive lichen planus, which indicates the potential for malignant transformation.

Diagnosis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis in children.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis involves fusion of the mandibular condyle with the base of the skull. It results in functional, esthetic, and psychosocial limitations, if it affects children at an early age. Hence, it is important to recognize and diagnose the pathology and provide immediate treatment alternatives to improve the patient condition.

Anticandidal efficacy of denture cleansing tablet, Triphala, Aloe vera, and Cashew leaf on complete dentures of institutionalized elderly.

With an increase in the number of dependent elderly, there is a need to introduce few natural products for denture cleansing, which are easily and economically available. Hence the aim of this study was to compare the anticandidal efficacy of denture cleansing tablet (sodium bicarbonate and sodium perborate monohydrate), Triphala (Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia belerica fruits powders in equal proportion), cashew leaf, Aloe vera and water (control) on complete dentures of institutionalized elderly. Study population consisted of 50 institutionalized elderly of Mangalore, Karnataka, with 10 in each group.

High speed handpieces.

High speed instruments are versatile instruments used by clinicians of all specialties of dentistry. It is important for clinicians to understand the types of high speed handpieces available and the mechanism of working. The centers for disease control and prevention have issued guidelines time and again for disinfection and sterilization of high speed handpieces.

Matrix Metalloprotienases and its inhibitors: An insight.

Periodontal disease progression involves degradation of the collagenous matrix by a group of enzymes known as the matrix metalloprotienases. These matrix metalloprotienases are secreted by the polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, bone, epithelial and endothelial cells. These molecules have involvement in both physiological and pathological processes.

Management of gummy smile with Botulinum Toxin Type-A: A case report.

A 23 year old female patient presented with the chief complaint of gummy smile after previously undergoing Orthodontic treatment. Patient had a straight profile with competent lips and during posed and unposed smile the patient exhibited excessive gingival display. Since the patient was unwilling to undergo Orthodontic treatment and apprehensive about surgical procedures, this problem was addressed by injecting Botulinum toxin type-A as an alternative treatment approach.

Prevalence of periodontitis among the adolescents aged 15-18 years in Mangalore City: An epidemiological and microbiological study.

Background: Periodontitis is a group of inflammatory diseases affecting the supporting tissues of the tooth. Both aggressive periodontitis (AP) and chronic periodontitis (CP) have a multifactorial etiology, with dental plaque as the initiating factor. However, the initiation and progression of periodontitis are influenced by other factors including microbiologic, social and behavioral and systemic and genetic factors.

Facial contour deformity correction with microvascular flaps based on the 3-dimentional template and facial moulage.

Introduction: Facial contour deformities presents with varied aetiology and degrees severity. Accurate assessment, selecting a suitable tissue and sculpturing it to fill the defect is challenging and largely subjective. Objective assessment with imaging and software is not always feasible and preparing a template is complicated.

Multiple trichoepitheliomas: A rare occurrence.

Trichoepitelioma is an extremely rare cosmetically disfiguring condition usually affecting the females. Trichoepitheliomas are benign lesions seen on the face, which are thought to derive from the hair follicle. Malignant transformation to basal cell carcinoma is rare and occurs late in the course of the disease These lesions are often misinterpreted and diagnosed clinically as neurofibromatosis or histpathologically as basal cell carcinoma.

Centroblastic variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: Case report and review of literature.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) making up about approximately 30% of all NHL. Its occurrence in the mandible is very rare. Histopathologically, five variants of DLBCL have been recognized among which centroblastic variant is the one with better prognosis.

Self-inflicted injury as a potential trigger for carcinoma of lip - a case report.

Objectives: To report a case of an elderly patient with an unstable mental condition, presenting with the carcinoma of lip due to repeated toothpick injury.

Background: Self-induced lesions of the face and mouth may be a manifestation of unusual or aggressive oral habits or an emotional disorder. The deliberate creation of orofacial lesions, is an indication of underlying psychiatric disease.

Use of a single injection femoral nerve block in the patients of total knee replacement with concomitant epidural analgesia.

Background: Since central neuraxial analgesia cannot provide adequate post operative pain relief when it is used alone in patients who had undergone Total Knee Replacement Surgery (TKR), an alternative analgesic method is usually advised. The alternatives include either systemic analgesics (opioids, Non Steroidal Anti Inflamatory Drugs, [NSAIDs], etc) or peripheral nerve blocks. When complete analgesia is aimed in such patients, combining the sciatic nerve blocks along with the Femoral Nerve Blocks (FNBs) will be beneficial.

Speech and language delay in children: a review and the role of a pediatric dentist.

Speech and language development is a useful indicator of a child's overall development and cognitive ability. Identification of children at a risk for developmental delay or related problems may lead to intervention and assistance at a young age, when the chances for improvement are the best. This rationale supports screening of preschool children for speech and language delay or primary language impairment or disorder, which needs to be integrated into routine developmental surveillance practices of clinicians caring for children.

Oral rehabilitation of a young adult with amelogenesis imperfecta: a clinical report.

This clinical report describes a multidisciplinary approach for the oral rehabilitation of a young adult patient diagnosed with hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta with a skeletal Class III malocclusion. The specific objectives of this treatment were to eliminate tooth sensitivity while enhancing esthetics and restoring masticatory function. The reverse horizontal overlap of posterior teeth was maintained.

Assessment of antibacterial properties of newer dentin bonding agents: An in vitro study.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the antibacterial activity of newer dentin bonding agents on Streptococcus mutans using the direct contact test.

Materials And Methods: Streptococcus mutans was used as test organism and a direct contact test was performed. The dentin bonding agents to be tested were grouped as Group I, Clearfil Protect Bond, Group II, Adper Easy One, and Group III, Prime and Bond NT.